scholarly journals Towards virtual modeling environments for functional structural plant models based on Jupyter notebooks: Application to the modeling of mango tree growth and development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vaillant ◽  
Isabelle Grechi ◽  
Frédéric Normand ◽  
Frédéric Boudon
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Parallel Simulations ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Virtual Modeling ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Computational Resources

Abstract Functional-Structural Plant Models (FSPMs) are powerful tools to explore the complex interplays between plant growth, underlying physiological processes and the environment. Various modeling platforms dedicated to FSPMs have been developed with limited support for collaborative and distributed model design, reproducibility and dissemination. With the objective to alleviate these problems, we used the Jupyter project, an open-source computational notebook ecosystem, to create virtual modeling environments for plant models. These environments combined Python scientific modules, L-systems formalism, multidimensional arrays and 3D plant architecture visualization in Jupyter notebooks. As a case study, we present an application of such an environment by reimplementing V-Mango, a model of mango tree development and fruit production built on interrelated processes of architectural development and fruit growth that are affected by temporal, structural and environmental factors. This new implementation increased model modularity, with modules representing single processes and the workflows between them. The model modularity allowed us to run simulations for a subset of processes only, on simulated or empirical architectures. The exploration of carbohydrate source-sink relationships on a measured mango branch architecture illustrates this possibility. We also proposed solutions for visualization, distant distributed computation and parallel simulations of several independent mango trees during a growing season. The development of models on locations far from computational resources makes collaborative and distributed model design and implementation possible, and demonstrates the usefulness and efficiency of a customizable virtual modeling environment.

scholarly journals The role of structural and temporal factors in the architectural development of the mango tree: evidences from simulation

2017 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Boudon ◽  
A. Jestin ◽  
A.-S. Briand ◽  
P. Fernique ◽  
P.-E. Lauri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mango Tree ◽  
Temporal Factors ◽  
Architectural Development

Variation in carbohydrate source–sink relations of forest and treeline white spruce in southern, interior and northern Alaska

Oecologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjartmar Sveinbjörnsson ◽  
Matthew Smith ◽  
Tumi Traustason ◽  
Roger W. Ruess ◽  
Patrick F. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Northern Alaska

scholarly journals V-Mango: a functional–structural model of mango tree growth, development and fruit production

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Boudon ◽  
Séverine Persello ◽  
Alexandra Jestin ◽  
Anne-Sarah Briand ◽  
Isabelle Grechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Fruiting Branch ◽  
Cultivation Practices

Abstract Background and Aims Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the fifth most widely produced fruit in the world. Its cultivation, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions, raises a number of issues such as the irregular fruit production across years, phenological asynchronisms that lead to long periods of pest and disease susceptibility, and the heterogeneity of fruit quality and maturity at harvest. To address these issues, we developed an integrative functional–structural plant model that synthesizes knowledge about the vegetative and reproductive development of the mango tree and opens up the possible simulation of cultivation practices. Methods We designed a model of architectural development in order to precisely characterize the intricate developmental processes of the mango tree. The appearance of botanical entities was decomposed into elementary stochastic events describing occurrence, intensity and timing of development. These events were determined by structural (position and fate of botanical entities) and temporal (appearance dates) factors. Daily growth and development of growth units and inflorescences were modelled using empirical distributions and thermal time. Fruit growth was determined using an ecophysiological model that simulated carbon- and water-related processes at the fruiting branch scale. Key Results The model simulates the dynamics of the population of growth units, inflorescences and fruits at the tree scale during a growing cycle. Modelling the effects of structural and temporal factors makes it possible to simulate satisfactorily the complex interplays between vegetative and reproductive development. The model allowed the characterization of the susceptibility of mango tree to pests and the investigatation of the influence of tree architecture on fruit growth. Conclusions This integrative functional–structural model simulates mango tree vegetative and reproductive development over successive growing cycles, allowing a precise characterization of tree phenology and fruit growth and production. The next step is to integrate the effects of cultivation practices, such as pruning, into the model.

scholarly journals GraspNet: An Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Real-time Grasp Detection for Low-powered Devices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Asif ◽  
Jianbin Tang ◽  
Stefan Harrer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Large Memory ◽  
Deep Cnn ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
The Cost

Recent research on grasp detection has focused on improving accuracy through deep CNN models, but at the cost of large memory and computational resources. In this paper, we propose an efficient CNN architecture which produces high grasp detection accuracy in real-time while maintaining a compact model design. To achieve this, we introduce a CNN architecture termed GraspNet which has two main branches: i) An encoder branch which downsamples an input image using our novel Dilated Dense Fire (DDF) modules - squeeze and dilated convolutions with dense residual connections. ii) A decoder branch which upsamples the output of the encoder branch to the original image size using deconvolutions and fuse connections. We evaluated GraspNet for grasp detection using offline datasets and a real-world robotic grasping setup. In experiments, we show that GraspNet achieves superior grasp detection accuracy compared to the stateof-the-art computation-efficient CNN models with real-time inference speed on embedded GPU hardware (Nvidia Jetson TX1), making it suitable for low-powered devices.

ASSIMILATE STORAGE IN VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera)

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MIALET-SERRA ◽  
A. CLEMENT ◽  
N. SONDEREGGER ◽  
O. ROUPSARD ◽  
C. JOURDAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Source Sink

Assimilate storage in vegetative organs is an essential buffer for the source–sink imbalances that inevitably occur in perennial plants. In contrast to temperate trees, little information is available on such storage in tropical perennials, and almost none for Cocos nucifera. This paper describes the chemical nature, quantity and distribution of carbohydrate reserves in coconut plants grown in an environment favourable to production. The study was carried out on the island of Santo (Republic of Vanuatu, Southern Pacific) on twelve 17-year-old adult plants, representative of a large population, which were felled and characterized for root, trunk and crown dry matter, and contents of soluble sugars and starch. Roots were divided into three diameter classes and distal/proximal portions, the trunk into three axial and three or four radial zones, and the crown into petiole, rachis and leaflets for various leaf ages. The aggregate reserve pool size was compared with estimates of incremental demand for assimilates for growth and fruit production. Plants contained little starch but large quantities of sucrose were found, mainly located in the trunk. Less sucrose was present in roots and little in leaf blades. Large glucose and fructose pools were found in leaves, near the apex of the trunk and in the terminal portions of large roots. Aggregate soluble and non-soluble sugar pools were about equivalent to six months of copra production or 51 days of crop growth. More studies are needed on the dynamics of these sugars to evaluate their physiological role, particularly with regards to stress periods and fluctuating demand for fruit filling.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Source-Sink Relationship in Pertinence to Better Fruit Quality and Yield in Fruit Crops: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravina Pawar ◽  
Vishal S Rana
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Source Sink

Profuse flowering and fruiting creates high demand for a limited source of carbohydrates, which affects fruit set and development. These plenty number of flowers and fruits must be reduced to allow the trees to produce fruit that meets market expectations for size, colour and quality. The concept of source-sink relationship and the regulation of carbon partitioning in plants is useful for better understanding of crop physiology and the influence of yield limiting factors on crop production. This relationship between source leaves and the various sink organs not only affects fruit production in the current season, but also the long term performance due to perennial nature of fruit trees. Modelling early season whole-tree carbohydrate supply and demand has greatly improved the understanding of response of trees to manipulation strategies relating source-sink alliance. Various strategies has been adopted to manipulate source-sink relationship like flower bud inhibition, flower thinning, fruitlet thinning, defoliation, girdling, pruning, application of hormones and nutrients etc. Thus, balance between vegetative and reproductive growth is an important aspect for improvement in yield and quality of fruit crops.

scholarly journals Effect of expansion time and sunlight radiation on the functional and anatomical traits of mango tree leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Matheus Alves de Azeredo ◽  
Marcela André Mendes ◽  
Ciro Yoshio Joko ◽  
Marina Neves Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Expansion Time ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves

The mango tree (Mangifera indica L.) is cultivated on a large scale in Brazil for economic purposes. Since the leaves, as the main photosynthetic organs, play an essential role in fruit production, the primary objective of the present study was to analyze comparatively the morphologicalcharacteristics of leaves at different stages of expansion and of leaves exposed to different levels of solar radiation. Leaves were collected at the beginning of expansion, during intermediate expansion and when completely expanded, and sun and shade leaves were compared. The individuals were adult plants without flowers and fruits located along the South Lake, Brasília. The leaves were analyzed for area, specific leaf area (SLA), thickness, water content and anatomical traits. Data were analyzed by ANOVA post hoc Tukey test to test the influence of leaf expansion time and by the T-test to determine the effect of radiation (α = 5%). Greater scleromorphy was observed in the completely expanded leaves compared to the leaves at the beginning of expansion, with lower water content and SLA in completely expanded leaves. Higher sclerophyll content was observed in sun leaves than in shade leaves, with lower SLA, greater leaf thickness and greater thickness of adaxial epidermis, palisade parenchyma and mesophyll in sun leaves. Based on these results, greater care is indicated regarding leaf management at the beginning of expansion and the management of shade leaves, since they aremore susceptible to damage from herbivores. The objective of this management is to maximize fruit production.

scholarly journals Modeling Fruit Tree Architectural Growth, Source–Sink Interactions, and Physiology with L-PEACH

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010D-1010
Author(s):  
Ted M. DeJong ◽  
Romeo Favreau ◽  
Mitch Allen ◽  
Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Graphical Simulation ◽  
L System ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Source Sink

Modeling source–sink interactions and carbohydrate partitioning in plants requires a detailed model of plant architectural development, in which growth and function of each organ is modeled individually and carbohydrate transport among organs is modeled dynamically. L-PEACH is an L-system-based graphical simulation model that combines supply/demand concepts of carbon partitioning with an L-system model of tree architecture to create a distributed supply/demand system of carbon allocation within a growing tree. The whole plant is modeled as a branching network of sources and sinks, connected by conductive elements. An analogy to an electric network is used to calculate the flow and partitioning of carbohydrates between the individual components. The model can simulate multiple years of tree growth and be used to demonstrate effects of irrigation, crop load, and pruning on architectural development, tree growth, and carbon partitioning. Qualitative model outputs are viewed graphically as the tree “grows” on the computer screen while quantitative output data can be evaluated individually for each organ or collectively for an organ type using the MatLab software.

Allometric relationships for vegetative growth flush in pruned stems of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia): effects of carbohydrate source and season

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
S. Karimaei ◽  
D. Doley ◽  
J. Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Control Tree

Hedging is used to control tree size in macadamia orchards, but the effects on subsequent shoot growth and floral initiation may impair fruit production. Four-year-old grafted macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) trees were subjected to pruning of the most recent seasonal shoot in autumn and spring. Factorial combinations of treatments included girdling or not girdling near the base of the previous season’s (parent) shoot; removal of all except two, four or six leaves from the parent shoot; and defoliation or no defoliation of the shoot that appeared after pruning. Initial numbers and dimensions of flush-shoot internodes were similar for all branch treatments in autumn and for girdled branches in spring, and were smaller than half those for non-girdled stems in spring. Later flush-shoot growth depended on the number of leaves retained on the parent shoot, the presence or absence of a connection to the tree below the parent shoot, and on the season, declining with limiting growing degree-days in winter and accelerating with increasing growing degree-days in summer. In both seasons, reserves beyond the parent (previous season’s) shoot contributed the major source of carbohydrate for continuing flush-shoot growth, and particularly the growth of leaves. The combinations of seasonal conditions, shoot parameters before the commencement of flush-shoot growth, and flush-shoot morphology permit the inference of allometric relationships that can be applied to the quantitative modelling of vegetative shoot morphology and growth in macadamia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document