Increased container-breeding mosquito risk owing to drought-induced changes in water harvesting and storage in Brisbane, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Trewin ◽  
B. H. Kay ◽  
J. M. Darbro ◽  
T. P. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Storage

Effect of pH, temperature, amount of litter and storage density on ammonia emissions from stable manure

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dewes
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
And Storage

SUMMARYIn laboratory tests using stable manure consisting of wheat straw and slurry, ammonia emission was found to have two peaks corresponding to the population dynamics of proteolytic bacteria and amino acid-degrading bacteria respectively. Cumulative ammonia emissions over 14 days were 0·8–23·2% of the initial total nitrogen (Nt) and were both abiotically and biotically induced. Changes in pH had the most significant effect on the abiotically induced ammonia emissions. After 14 days of decomposition, at pH values of 6·0 and 7·5, abiotically induced emissions remained close to the limit of detectability, whereas at pH 9·0 as much as 9·8% of the initial Nt was lost. An increase in storage pressure from 0 to 400 and 800 kp/m2 generally decreased the biotic emissions to 9·6, 2·8 and 2·3%; while increasing the amounts of litter (2·5, 5·0 and 15·0 kg straw/LAU per day) led to a decline not only in the biotic (17·1, 12·8, 3·5%) but also in the abiotic emissions (6·1, 5·5, 1·6%). Varying the temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C) resulted in biotically induced emissions of 7·9, 11·7 and 11·6%, respectively, and abiotically induced emissions of 1·1, 1·4 and 2·2% of the initial Nt. At temperatures of 30 and 40 °C, the amount of microbially digested sources of carbon available was obviously sufficient to permit almost total reincorporation of NH4+ from 4 days onwards.

Microflora of Austrian Natural-Set Yogurt

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARALD ROHM ◽  
FRIEDA LECHNER ◽  
MARIETTA LEHNER
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Pichia Guilliermondii ◽  
Ferment Lactose ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Trichosporon Beigelii ◽  
And Storage

Randomly selected Austrian natural-set yogurts were examined for storage-induced changes in the populations of viable yogurt starter organisms and microbial contaminants. Typically, numbers of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus remained above 108 cfu/g in yogurt stored at 10°C until the sell-by-date (15–20 d after manufacture). Both elevated storage temperature and storage periods markedly reduced the survival of yogurt starter bacteria. Depending on the sample origin, the yeast populations increased from less than 10/g to above 106/g when yogurts were stored at 10°C until the sell-by-date. The isolated yeasts were identified as Candida inconspicua, C. intermedia, C. parapsilosis, C. rugosa, C. tropicalis, C. zeylanoides, Debaryomyces hansenii, Metschnikowia reukauffii, Pichia guilliermondii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Trichosporon beigelii, and Yarrowia lipolytica. While a few out of 233 isolates were found to assimilate lactose, none were able to ferment lactose.

scholarly journals Induced changes in bioactive compounds of kailan-hybrid broccoli after innovative processing and storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Francisco Artés-Hernández ◽  
Perla A. Gómez ◽  
Francisco Artés
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Water Storage in Dry Riverbeds of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects of Sand Dam Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5905
Author(s):  
Bisrat Ayalew Yifru ◽  
Min-Gyu Kim ◽  
Jeong-Woo Lee ◽  
Il-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sun-Woo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Sediment Properties ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
The Ideal

Augmenting water availability using water-harvesting structures is of importance in arid and semi-arid regions (ASARs). This paper provides an overview and examines challenges and prospects of the sand dam application in dry riverbeds of ASARs. The technology filters and protects water from contamination and evaporation with low to no maintenance cost. Sand dams improve the socio-economy of the community and help to cope with drought and climate change. However, success depends on the site selection, design, and construction. The ideal site for a sand dam is at a transition between mountains and plains, with no bend, intermediate slope, and impermeable riverbed in a catchment with a slope greater than 2°. The spillway dimensioning considers the flow velocity, sediment properties, and storage target, and the construction is in multi-stages. Recently, the failure of several sand dams because of incorrect siting, evaporation loss, and one-stage construction were reported. Revision of practitioners’ manuals by considering catchment scale hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics, spillway height, and sediment transport are recommended. Research shows that protected wells have better water quality than open wells and scoop holes. Therefore, the community should avoid open defecation, pit latrines, tethering of animals, and applying pesticides near the sand dam.

scholarly journals WATER HARVESTING - TWO YEARS' EXPERIENCE ON NO. 4 DAIRY, MASSEY UNIVERSITY

1977 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Kevin I. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Water Source ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
And Storage

The water harvesting concept offers the potential for irrigation which may be considered in the absence of a cheaper and less limited water source. Because of high capital costs and storage limitations, it would not be a viable financial proposition for many grassland farmers. It may, however, have a place for a specific purpose such as the production of high value crops.

scholarly journals Design of Dugout Type Farm Pond at the Farm of Chhattisgarh Engineering College, Durg Chhattisgarh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jeet Raj ◽  
. Aman ◽  
Suryakant Sonwani ◽  
Sanket Kolambe
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Side Slope ◽  
Farm Pond ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
And Storage

To increase food security in a drought-prone area, the water harvesting, capture and storage of rainwater are technologies proven for uses during dry periods. Erosion control and groundwater revive are extra favorable circumstances of water harvesting techniques that contribute to agricultural development and resource conservation. The contour map of the study area is used to select the location for the creation of the farm pond. Clay loam is found in soil texture analysis. For clay loam soil, the study area with a depth of 3.5 m and a side slope of 1.5:1 may be suitable. The available rainfall was computed for 75% probability by using empirical formula is found to 1.41483 ha-m. The tube well draft was calculated to be 0.8640 ha-m. The capacity of the designed farm pond is 0.6639 ha-m. The proposed pond facilitated total supplemental irrigation of 8.5 cm depth to an area of 6.5 ha paddy.

scholarly journals Water harvest- and storage- location assessment model using GIS and remote sensing

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3353-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Weerasinghe ◽  
U. A. Schneider ◽  
A. Löw
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Water Supply Management ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. This study describes a globally applicable method to determine the local suitability to implement water supply management strategies within the context of a river catchment. We apply this method, and develop a spatial analysis model named Geographic Water Management Potential (GWAMP). We retrieve input data from global data repositories and rescale these data to 1km spatial resolution to obtain a set of manageable input data. Potential runoff is calculated as an intermediate input using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) equation. Multi Criteria Evaluation techniques are used to determine the suitability levels and relative importance of input parameters for water supply management. Accordingly, the model identifies, potential water harvesting- and storage sites for on-farm water storage, regional dams, and soil moisture conservation. We apply the model to two case-study locations, the Sao-Francisco and Nile catchments, which differ in their geographic and climatic conditions. The model results are validated against existing data on hydrologic networks, reservoir capacities and runoff. On average, GWAMP predictions of sites with high rain water storage suitability correlate well (83%) with the locations of existing regional dams and farm tanks. According to the results from testing and validation of the GWAMP we point out that the GWAMP can be used identify potential sites for rain water harvesting and storage technologies in a given catchment.

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