Determination of Carbon Dioxide in Wine

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-784
Author(s):  
Arthur Caputi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Enzymatic Methods

Abstract A study of the various official methods available for the determination of carbon dioxide in wine was conducted. The enzymatic method, which is the fastest of the 3 available, is still relatively slow for use as a control analysis when large quantities of wines are being bottled at high speeds. A new method was devised which involves the neutralization of a wine sample with 50% NaOH to pH 10–11 and titration with a standard acid solution in the presence of carbonic anhydrase. The titer is recorded between pH 8.6 and 4.0. A degassed sample of the same wine is neutralized and titrated in the same range and its titer is subtracted from the sample titer. The difference is used to calculate the carbon dioxide concentration in the sample. Comparison to the volumetric, manometric, and enzymatic methods showed that this new titrimetric method is comparable in terms of accuracy and reproducibility and that it offers the advantage of rapidity of analysis. It is recommended that the method be studied collaboratively.

Enzymatic Determination of Carbon Dioxide in Lightly Carbonated Wines—1962 Collaborative Study

1963 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Robert L Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Titrimetric Method ◽  
Enzymatic Determination

Abstract The titrimetric method for determining carbon dioxide in wine using carbonic anhydrase (presented at the 1961 AOAC Meeting) was studied collaboratively. Six laboratories analyzed 20 samples by the enzymatic method. Results varied considerably, and it is recommended that the method be studied collaboratively for another year.

scholarly journals Method for Estimation of CO2 Gains from Persons in Builidings

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rodero ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sources Of Co2

Carbon dioxide concentration is an important parameter to know Indoor Air Quality of a building. One of the most important sources of CO2 in poor ventilated building is human activity. This work presents a method for experimental determination of human CO2 generation rate based on measuring of time evolution of indoor CO2 concentration. The method is applied to 5 rooms of an educational building from Bialystok (Poland). Similar carbon dioxide gains were obtained in all rooms, around 0.0046 L/s, which correspond to theoretical CO2 generation rates of a sedentary activity for persons, males and females, between 21–30 years old, characteristics of occupants of analyzed rooms.

scholarly journals Determination of Dissolved CO2 Concentration in Culture Media: Evaluation of pH Value and Mathematical Data

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Amir Izzuddin Adnan ◽  
Mei Yin Ong ◽  
Saifuddin Nomanbhay ◽  
Pau Loke Show
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Dipotassium Phosphate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide is the most influential gas in greenhouse gasses and its amount in the atmosphere reached 412 µmol/mol in August 2020, which increased rapidly, by 48%, from preindustrial levels. A brand-new chemical industry, namely organic chemistry and catalysis science, must be developed with carbon dioxide (CO2) as the source of carbon. Nowadays, many techniques are available for controlling and removing carbon dioxide in different chemical processes. Since the utilization of CO2 as feedstock for a chemical commodity is of relevance today, this study will focus on how to increase CO2 solubility in culture media used for growing microbes. In this work, the CO2 solubility in a different medium was investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monoethanolamine (MEA) were added to the culture media (3.0 g/L dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), 0.2 g/L magnesium chloride (MgCl2), 0.2 g/L calcium chloride (CaCl2), and 1.0 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl)) for growing microbes in order to observe the difference in CO2 solubility. Factors of temperature and pressure were also studied. The determination of CO2 concentration in the solution was measured by gas analyzer. The result obtained from optimization revealed a maximum CO2 concentration of 19.029 mol/L in the culture media with MEA, at a pressure of 136.728 kPa, operating at 20.483 °C.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony McMichael
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Trends In Global Greenhouse emissions during the first two de­cades of this twenty- first century are leading us to a much hotter world by 2100, perhaps 3°C– 4°C above the late- twentieth- century average temperature and hotter than at any time in the last 20– 30 million years. Further, the rate of heating would be about 30 times faster than when Earth emerged from the most recent ice age, between 17,000 and 12,000 years ago. At that speed, environ­mental changes may outstrip the capacity of many species to evolve and adapt. Having once relied on fires in caves, humans in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries increasingly began to burn fossil fuels to release vastly more energy— and, inadvertently, vastly more carbon dioxide. About 600 billion metric tons of that invisible, stable, and odorless gas have been emitted since 1750, about two- thirds of which will persist in the atmosphere for centuries. The resulting 40 percent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is the main cause of human- driven climate change. We have wrapped another heat- retaining blanket around the planet, causing warming of Earth’s surface at a rate that far outpaces nature’s rhythms. Humans have lived in climatically congenial times for the past 11,000 years of the Holocene geological epoch compared with the rigors of the preceding ice age. Figure 1.1 shows the world’s estimated aver­age surface temperature over that era, and the right- hand side of the graph shows the likely global warming by 2100 averaged across many published modeled projections. The difference between the peak tem­perature of 7,000 years ago and the nadir of the Little Ice Age 350 years ago is 0.7°C. By early in this twenty- first century, the global average temperature had edged higher than for the past 11,000 years— by 0.6°C in six decades. If the world’s temperature were to rise by 3°C– 4°C within just three generations, our descendants might struggle to remain healthy, raise families, and survive within stable societies. I am certainly not the first to say this … A 4°C temperature increase probably means a global carrying capacity below 1 billion people.

Automated Thermal Conductivity Determination of Carbon Dioxide in Wine

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-549
Author(s):  
J Dale Mitchell ◽  
Christian R Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Detector ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Automatic Analyzer

Abstract Determination of CO2 in Lambrusco, using an automatic analyzer, has proven to be both fast and precise. The analyzer uses a thermal conductivity detector to measure CO2 gas liberated from the sample. Good accuracy was obtained when the method was compared to the enzymatic method. Ten samples gave an average difference of 1.4% from the accepted method.

scholarly journals Specific Methods for the Determination of Radioactivity in D-(—)-3-Hydroxybutyrate in Blood Plasma

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Emmanuel ◽  
M. Stangassinger ◽  
D. Giesecke
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Separate Sample ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Difference

Two simple, high-yield rapid methods with good reproducibility are described, which permit the determination of radioactivity in plasma D-(—)-3-hydroxybutyrate. The compound is converted to acetoacetate, using a modified enzymatic method. In procedure 1, acetoacetate is reacted with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine; the resulting hydrazone is oxidised by means of a sample oxidiser, and the product 14CO2 is collected in scintillation liquid and counted. In procedure 2, a Conway microdiffusion unit is applied. The acetoacetate is decarboxylated to acetone in the presence of o-phenylenediamine, and the acetone is then diffused into semicarbazide solution. This solution, containing the semicarbazone derivative of labelled acetone, is transferred to liquid scintillation and counted. In both procedures the radioactivity is measured simultaneously in a separate sample which was not subjected to the enzymatic conversion of D-(–)-3-hydroxybutyrate. The difference in radioactivity between the two samples is attributed to labelled D-(–)-3-hydroxybutyrate.

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