A Compact Extraction Apparatus for Use with the Semimicro Method for Determining Total Lipids in Fish Meal

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1132-1134
Author(s):  
Harry Miller ◽  
George M Knobl
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Abstract A compact glass extraction apparatus has been designed for use with the semimicro chloroform-methanol extraction method for determining lipids in fish meal. No further handling is required after placing the sample in the extractor; this eliminates manipulative errors and makes the procedure more efficient. Results obtained with the use of this extractor agreed favorably with those from the semimicro method in which a blender was used and with results from AOAC 7.052. It is recommended that the method be studied collaboratively.

Determination of Lipids in Fish Meal

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 946-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Lee ◽  
M E Ambrose ◽  
P Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Abstract Lipids were extracted from a series of twelve menhaden meals by six methods, and results were compared. The chloroformmethanol extraction method developed by Smith, et al., extracts approximately the same amount of lipids as the official AOAC method, 22.037. The Torry-TNO method with chloroform-methanol extraction, and acid and alkaline hydrolysis methods extract lesser amounts of lipids, but all methods extract more than the ethyl ether method, 22.032. The Smith-Ambrose-Knobl method, rather than AOAC method 22.037, is recommended for extraction of total lipids from fish meal because of its simplicity and efficiency.

Chloroform-Methanol Extraction Method for Determination of Fat in Foods: Collaborative Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester E Daugherty ◽  
Harry G Lento ◽  
◽  
M L Adams ◽  
E W Beckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Complete Extraction ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Abstract Achloroform-methanol extraction method (complete extraction of fat in 3 min) for determining fat in processed and prepared foods has been studied collaboratively. Fourteen collaborators reported single replicate fat results on 7 samples representative of various food types and 2 spiked samples by the proposed method. Each sample was accompanied by a blind duplicate. For statistical purposes, the blind duplicates were treated as paired observations, and there were 2 laboratory outliers. There was a 97.9% agreement among the results from the remaining 12 collaborators and the Associate Referee for the unfortified samples. Recoveries of 93.8 and 98.3% were obtained on fortified samples, based on results obtained from 11 collaborators. The statistical analysis of the results indicate (ranges for standard deviations were Sr = 0.083-0.528, Sb = 0.101-0.379, Sd = 8.130-0.631, for fat values ranging from 1.58 to 26.91%) that this method is adequate for quantitating the fat content in a wide variety of processed foods for nutritional labeling. The method has been adopted official first action.

Semimicro Method for Determining Total Lipids in Fish Meal

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-692
Author(s):  
Mary E Ambrose ◽  
Barbara J Roche ◽  
George M Knobl
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Chloroform Layer ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Entire Procedure

Abstract A simple and rapid method lias been developed for determining lipids in fish meal. Lipids are extracted with chloroform and methanol; the entire procedure requires no more than 10 min. An aliquot of the chloroform layer is dried at 50°C under nitrogen and then equilibrated 90 min in a desiccator. Twelve samples can be completed in a single day, compared to the three days required to complete an analysis by AOAC method 22.037. Results of the extraction method average 99.0% of those obtained by method 22.037.

Collaborative Study of the Determination of Total Lipids in Fish Meal

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-656
Author(s):  
George M Knobl ◽  
Harry Miller
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Atlantic Menhaden ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Extraction Apparatus

Abstract A semimicro method for determining total lipids in fish meal, using a compact extraction apparatus, was subjected to collaborative study. Four fish meals were analyzed for total lipids by 8 collaborators. Per cent lipid content of meals prepared from Canadian herring, Peruvian anchovetta, Atlantic menhaden I, and Atlantic menhaden II were 14.69±0.37, 15.98±0.28, 14.66±0.45, and 10.86±0.26, respectively. In our laboratory, the new extraction technique was also compared with a blender technique. In general, the variation in lipid content within a laboratory, using the extractor, was less than the variation found in our laboratory, using the blender. The semimicro method for the determination of total lipids in fish meal has been adopted as official first action. It is recommended that another collaborative study be conducted, using both the blender and the extractor.

scholarly journals Determination of gangliosides as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazides by high-performance liquid chromatography

1986 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Miyazaki ◽  
N Okamura ◽  
Y Kishimoto ◽  
Y C Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Phase Column

A specific, sensitive and easily performed method for the determination of gangliosides in tissue was developed. After removal of water-soluble compounds, total lipids were extracted from tissue and then treated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride and dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide in dimethylformamide at 0 degrees C to form ganglioside hydrazides. After removal of excess reagents by column chromatography on silicic acid, the ganglioside 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazides were eluted from the column and analysed by h.p.l.c. with the use of a silica-gel normal-phase column eluted with an isocratic chloroform/methanol/water/acetic acid system. The addition of CaCl2 improved the separation of GM3 ganglioside containing N-acetylneuraminic acid from that containing N-glycollylneuraminic acid. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazide peaks were measured by the absorbance at 342 nm. Quantification of GM3, GM2, GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and LM1 gangliosides was linear in a range 0.02-1.6 nmol. GM4, GD3, GT1a and GQ1b gangliosides also yielded distinct peaks, although the range of linearity was not examined. This method was applied to the analysis of the total lipids of rat brain and hepatocytes.

Alveolar and saccular lung phospholipids of the anaconda, Eunectes murinus

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Phleger ◽  
David G. Smith ◽  
Douglas H. Macintyre ◽  
Brian S. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Standard Techniques

Phospholipids and their mode of synthesis in lung samples from the alveolar and saccular regions of an anaconda (Eunectes murinus) were investigated by standard techniques of chloroform–methanol extraction and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The alveolar lung has six times as much phosphatidylcholine in its lung wash lipid extract as saccular lung. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are the two principal phospholipids of the tissue of both lungs. Alveolar lung incorporates a higher percentage although a smaller total amount of [1-14C]acetate (54%) into phosphatidylcholine (including lysophosphatidylcholine), whereas saccular lung only incorporates 8% [1-14C]acetate into phosphatidylcholine (including lysophosphatidylcholine) and 60% [1-14C]acetate into sphingomyelin. Saccular lung synthesized 31% disphosphatidylglycerol from [1-14C]acetate; alveolar lung did not synthesize any. Surface tension plots of lung wash lipid extracts show slight surpellic activity with minimum surface tensions of 22 dyn/cm (1 dyn = 10 μN) for both alveolar and saccular lung, at 37 °C.

Structural and biochemical examination of ghosts derived from a deep rough (heptose-deficient lipopolysaccharide) strain and a smooth strain of Escherichia coli

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Irvin ◽  
J. Lam ◽  
J. W. Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Cleavage Plane ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Rough Strain ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Smooth Strain ◽  
Biochemical Examination

Outer membrane derived 'ghosts' can be readily generated from both smooth and deep rough (heptose-deficient LPS) strains of Escherichia coli 08. Morphological and biochemical studies confirmed that 'ghosts' of both strains are composed of protein (four major proteins), LPS, and phospholipid (cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine) in the form of a single membrane of roughly the same shape as intact normal cells. The ghost membrane cleaves only slightly in freeze-etch preparations of ghosts derived from the smooth strain as compared to the extensive cleavage plane of ghosts derived from the rough strain. The asymmetrical distribution of ghost proteins was visualized, by critical point drying and shadowing with platinum, as a relatively smooth outer surface with some discernible particles (10–15 nm) and an extremely particulate inner surface (10–15-nm particles). Ghosts derived from the smooth strain retained their structure following chloroform–methanol extraction, while ghosts derived from the rough strain fragmented with chloroform–methanol extraction. Evidence is presented that LPS–protein interactions as well as protein–protein interactions are significant in maintaining the ghost structure.

scholarly journals Optimization of a novel lipid extraction process from microalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Ren ◽  
Chao Wei ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
Xin Shan ◽  
Mengyun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

AbstractPrevious study found that the solvent extraction efficiency of lipid in microalgae could be greatly improved by washing algae cells before the second time extraction. Based on the "organic solvents–water–organic solvents" method, this research further studied the effect of four solvent systems (acetone, chloroform/methanol, chloroform/methanol/water, dichloromethane/methanol), two types of water treatment (vortex and ultrasonic), three water treatment time gradient (0 s, 30 s, 120 s) on the lipid extraction at three different microalgae growth stages (3rd day, 5th day, 9th day). The results show that the combination of water treatment type, treatment time and solvent is very important to the efficiency of lipid extraction. The total lipid extracted was generally increased by 10–30% after water treatment. Especially under the condition of 120 s vortex water treatment with dichloromethane/methanol as extraction solvent, the total lipid extracted increased by 61.14%. In addition, microalgae cells at different culture stages had different sensitivity to water treatment. In this study, under the combination of chloroform/methanol/water as extraction solvent and vortex water treatment for 120 s, the highest lipid yield was obtained on the ninth day of cell culture, which accounts 47.88% of the cell dry weight (478 mg/g cell dry weight). The changes of cell morphology and structure after water treatment were studied by scanning electron microscope, and it was found that water treatment could seriously destroy the cell membrane damaged by solvent, thus promoting the release of lipids. This study further optimizes the "solvent–water–solvent" lipid extraction method, which neither produces impurities nor damages the lipid quality, and can reduce the amount of organic solvent applied in the classical lipid extraction method with the same lipid yield, so it has a broad application prospect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of chloroform/methanol extraction to facilitate the study of membrane proteins of non-model plants

Planta ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Vertommen ◽  
Bart Panis ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Sebastien Christian Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Chloroform Methanol
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document