scholarly journals Optimization of a novel lipid extraction process from microalgae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Ren ◽  
Chao Wei ◽  
Qi Yan ◽  
Xin Shan ◽  
Mengyun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

AbstractPrevious study found that the solvent extraction efficiency of lipid in microalgae could be greatly improved by washing algae cells before the second time extraction. Based on the "organic solvents–water–organic solvents" method, this research further studied the effect of four solvent systems (acetone, chloroform/methanol, chloroform/methanol/water, dichloromethane/methanol), two types of water treatment (vortex and ultrasonic), three water treatment time gradient (0 s, 30 s, 120 s) on the lipid extraction at three different microalgae growth stages (3rd day, 5th day, 9th day). The results show that the combination of water treatment type, treatment time and solvent is very important to the efficiency of lipid extraction. The total lipid extracted was generally increased by 10–30% after water treatment. Especially under the condition of 120 s vortex water treatment with dichloromethane/methanol as extraction solvent, the total lipid extracted increased by 61.14%. In addition, microalgae cells at different culture stages had different sensitivity to water treatment. In this study, under the combination of chloroform/methanol/water as extraction solvent and vortex water treatment for 120 s, the highest lipid yield was obtained on the ninth day of cell culture, which accounts 47.88% of the cell dry weight (478 mg/g cell dry weight). The changes of cell morphology and structure after water treatment were studied by scanning electron microscope, and it was found that water treatment could seriously destroy the cell membrane damaged by solvent, thus promoting the release of lipids. This study further optimizes the "solvent–water–solvent" lipid extraction method, which neither produces impurities nor damages the lipid quality, and can reduce the amount of organic solvent applied in the classical lipid extraction method with the same lipid yield, so it has a broad application prospect.

scholarly journals The BUME method: a novel automated chloroform-free 96-well total lipid extraction method for blood plasma

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1690-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Löfgren ◽  
Marcus Ståhlman ◽  
Gun-Britt Forsberg ◽  
Sinikka Saarinen ◽  
Ralf Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Total Lipid Extraction

Platelet dense bodies: a quantitative microprobe analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-457
Author(s):  
R.J. Skaer ◽  
J.P. Emmines ◽  
P.D. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphate ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

The electron microprobe shows that the dense bodies of human platelets have a mean P:Ca peak ratio of 1–2. After treatment with dry chloroform/methanol this falls to 0-89. These ratios vary slightly from patient to patient. The use of calcium and phosphorus standards enables these peak ratios to be converted to atomic ratios. The size of the phosphorus peak remaining after lipid extraction was given absolute terms with reference to the known quantities of adenine nucleotides and inorganic pyrophosphate in dense bodies. From the mean P:Ca atomic ratio of 1–76 the quantity of calcium in dense bodies was 0-6 mg/10(11) platelets or 2–97 mg Ca/g dry weight of platelets. This is within the published range for total platelet calcium. If all the phosphorus extracted by lipid solvents were phospholipid there would be 5–65 mg/10(11) platelets, and it would occupy most of the space inside dense bodies. The dense bodies of pig platelets contain both magnesium and calcium in a varying ratio to each other. These results are discussed in relation to control mechanisms that may influence aggregation.

Screening of Lipid High Producing Mutant from Rhodotorula Glutinis by Low Ion Implantation and Study on Lipid Extration Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1172-1181
Author(s):  
Shi Chang Li ◽  
Hong Xia Liu ◽  
Shao Bin Gu ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Zhao Yang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Lipid Yield ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Plackett Burman Design

The paper studied on parameters of ion implantation into lipid producing strain Rhodotorula glutinis and lipid extration technology. It was found that the strain had a higher positive mutation rate when the output power was 10keV and the dose of N+ implantation was 80×2.6×1013 ions/cm2. Then a high-yield mutant strain D30 was obtained and it’s lipid yield which was 3.10 g/L increased by 33.05% than that of the original. Additionally, statistically-based experimental designs were applied for the optimization of lipid extraction by acid-heating coupling ultrasonic technique. By a Plackett-Burman design, it was found that three factors, treatment time of HCl (p=0.036) , ultrasonic time (p=0.0105) and rate of extracting solution (VCHCl3:VCH3OH) (p=0.0105), had significant effect on lipid extraction. Subsequently, these significant factors were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the optimized parameters of lipid extraction were as follows: 34 min for treatment time of HCl, 7.5 min for ultrasonic treating time, 1.9:1 for rate of extracting solution (VCHCl3:VCH3OH). Finally the fermentation characteristic of high-yield mutation strain D30 was studied, when fermentation time was 10 d, it’s lipid yield increased to 7.81 g/L

scholarly journals Optimization of cell wall disruption and lipid extraction methods by combining different solvents from wet microalgae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryush Arabian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Bead Mill ◽  
Wet Microalgae ◽  
Disruption Method ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Microalgae have emerged as one of the most promising options for biodiesel production over the past few decades. Lipid extraction from microalgae for biodiesel production as a bottleneck of biodiesel production technology was the main purpose of this study. In this study different methods of the cell wall disruption were compared. Then, two methods of ultrasound and bead mill were used as methods of the cell wall disruption. The maximum lipid extracted by ultrasound was 17.10% and by bead mill was 15.16% (based on microalgae biomass dry weight). After the cell wall disruption of microalgae, for lipid extraction, chloroform-methanol solvent combination was used as a high extraction method and hexane-ethanol solvent combination was used as an environmentally friendly method. In this regard, the effect of solvent to biomass ratio, temperature and extraction time was investigated and the optimal results for chloroform-methanol solvent combination were 8 ml/g, 45°C and 60 minutes, respectively, and for hexane-ethanol combination were 6 ml/g, 35◦C and 73 minutes, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the highest amount of extracted lipid from Chlorella vulgaris with a moisture content of 87.50%, and ultrasound as a cell wall disruption method were obtained 20.39% and 16.41% (based on microalgae dry weight) with a combination of chloroform-methanol solvents and hexane-ethanol respectively. Also the highest extraction rates of 17.63% and 13.85% were obtained for the combination of chloroform-methanol and hexane-ethanol solvents, respectively by bead milling as cell wall disruption method

scholarly journals Effect of Electrolysis Treatment Time, Field Strength and Recycling Flowrate on Ankistrodesmus sp. Lipid Extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantine Joannes
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Methyl Palmitate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Selection Experiment ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
System Selection

The study discusses the effect of Electrolysis Ereatment (ET) parameters focussed on the Electrolysis Treatment Time (ETT), Electrolysis Field Strength (EFS) and Electrolysis Recycling Flowrate (ERF) towards Ankistrodesmus sp. lipid extraction prior to the solvent extraction method. In the ET system selection experiment, the highest lipid content (13.05 ± 0.57 % wt.) attained was from ET system 3 (21V/cm, 140ml/min and 25 min). The three ET parameters were then optimized. The highest lipid content and methyl palmitate gained in ETT was 15.83 ± 0.68 % wt. and 0.440 ± 0.046μg/ml at 20 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest lipid content and methyl palmitate obtained in EFS was 15.46 ± 0.78 % wt. and 0.629 ± 0.058μg/ml at 21V/cm, respectively. As for ERF, the highest lipid content and methyl palmitate attained was 15.60 ± 0.67 % wt. and 0.390 ± 0.032μg/ml at 180ml/min, respectively. In comparison to Ankistrodesmus sp. Without Electrolysis Treatment (WOET), the lipid extraction of Ankistrodesmus sp. treated With Electrolysis Treatment (WET) can be improved and had resulted in the increasing of extraction with 1.34, 1.38 and 1.40 times higher in ETT, EFS and ERF, respectively.

METHODS OF PROTEIN EXTRACTION FROM NEUROSPORA CRASSA

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Stine ◽  
W. N. Strickland ◽  
R. W. Barratt
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Total Enzyme

Nine methods for disrupting the mycelium of Neurospora crassa have been compared. Protein percentages are calculated per gram dry weight of mycelium. A TPN-specific glutamic acid dehydrogenase was extracted and the efficiency of each extraction method is given as total enzyme extracted and specific activity. In terms of total protein, total enzyme, and practicality of the method, the Hughes Press, the French Press and the Raper–Hyatt Press were found to be the most efficient. The advantages and limitations of each method are considered.

scholarly journals THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LIPID-DEPLETED ROD PHOTORECEPTOR MEMBRANES

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhak Nir ◽  
Michael O. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Rod Photoreceptor ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Retinal Rod ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Photoreceptor Membranes

The structure of lipid-depleted retinal rod photoreceptor membranes was studied by means of electron microscopy. Aldehyde-fixed retinas were exhaustively extracted with acetone, chloroform-methanol, and acidified chloroform-methanol. The effect of prefixation on the extractability of lipids was evaluated by means of thin-layer chromatography and fatty acid analysis. Prefixation with glutaraldehyde rendered 38% of the phospholipids unextractable, while only 7% were unextractable after formaldehyde fixation. Embedding the retina in a lipid-retaining, polymerizable glutaraldehyde-urea mixture allows a comparison of the interaction of OsO4 with lipid-depleted membranes and rod disk membranes which contain all their lipids. A decrease in electron density and a deterioration of membrane fine structure in lipid-depleted tissue are correlated with the extent of lipid extraction. These observations are indicative of the role of the lipid bilayer in the ultrastructural visualization of membrane structure with OsO4. Negatively stained thin sections of extracted tissue reveal substructures in the lipid-depleted rod membranes. These substructures are probably the opsin molecules which are the major protein component of retinal rod photoreceptor membranes.

Coumarin Content and Physicochemical Profile of Mikania laevigata Extracts

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maique W. Biavatti ◽  
Cesar A. Koerich ◽  
Carlos H. Henck ◽  
Enderson Zucatelli ◽  
Fernanda H. Martineli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Mikania Laevigata ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The ‘guaco’ lianous herb Mikania laevigata, which is widespread in Southern Brazil, is traditionally used to treat bronchitis, asthma and cough. This work investigates the influence of the extraction method, solvent:drug ratio, ethanol proportion, harvest season (summer or winter) and solvent heating on the physicochemical profile of the extracts (dry weight, density, pH) and the coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) content determined by LC. Among the results obtained, it is observed that higher ethanol content increases the amount of coumarin in the extract. Leaves harvested in summer also produce an extract with a high coumarin yield. The most efficient method of extraction is percolation, independent of the solvent used.

Study on the Extraction and Purification of Microcystins (MC-LR)

2011 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
pp. 318-323
Author(s):  
Wen Yi Zhang ◽  
Ning Han ◽  
Li Rong Yao ◽  
Xiao Lan Qiu ◽  
Xiao Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Extraction And Purification

The MC-LR from the the blue-green algae of Taihu Lake was extracted, at the same time, a set of microcystins extraction method with methanol as extraction solvent and purification method with C18-SPE as purification workstations were established. The extraction solvent concentration, extraction time, extraction solvent amount, leacheate concentration and eluent concentration were used to research the extraction efficiency of MC-LR. Finally, 80% methanol was used to wash microcytins to make MC-LR high purity and the purity was over 85%. This research presented a method of low cost and high efficiency. It provided the foundation for the further research of microcytins.

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