Utilization of Standard Method Performance Requirements for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Environmental Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Perry ◽  
Maureen A Conlon ◽  
Christina Egan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Environmental Sample ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Air Filters

Abstract Background Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, has been a long-standing public health problem. Animals can become infected and shed the organism resulting in aerosol transmission to humans. This organism has been considered to have potential for use as a bioterrorism weapon and has been placed on the Select Agent List which is regulated by Health and Human Services (HHS) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). There has been limited assay development for the detection of C. burnetii in environmental sample types Objective We describe utilization of the Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) for the detection of Coxiella in air filters and liquids for validation of additional environmental samples. Method The SMPR® for the detection of Coxiella in air filters and liquids was used to validate a real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) assay developed to detect C. burnetii DNA in powder samples submitted to the public health laboratory for biothreat analysis. Conclusions The SMPR® provided important requirements needed for appropriate validation of an assay to detect Coxiella nucleic acid in an environmental sample. The assay was found to be sensitive, robust, specific, and is useful for the detection of this select agent in powders. Highlights Development of detection assays for agents that are difficult to culture and have limited validation material available can be problematic for manufacturers. Using the SMPR® developed for the detection of Coxiella as well as the SMPR® for the detection of Variola, we demonstrate that assays can be appropriately validated using alternative approaches.

A One Health Perspective on Q Fever

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Rita Cruz ◽  
Carmen Vasconcelos-Nobrega ◽  
Fernando Esteves ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Ana Sofia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
One Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Human Infections

Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii and ruminants, namely, cattle, sheep, and goats, are known to be the main reservoir for human infection. C. burnetii infection in animals can result in epizootic abortions which are often associated with vast bacteria shedding in birth fluids and placentas. Human infections mainly occur in persons handling infected animals and their products. Here the authors describe the history, bacteriology, biosafety, and epidemiology of Q fever, now known to be a serious threat to veterinary public health.

scholarly journals Q Fever: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives of Research of a Neglected Zoonosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rebecca Porter ◽  
Guy Czaplicki ◽  
Jacques Mainil ◽  
Raphaël Guattéo ◽  
Claude Saegerman
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Current State ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
And Control

Q fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by an resistant intracellular bacterium,Coxiella burnetii. In certain areas, Q fever can be a severe public health problem, and awareness of the disease must be promoted worldwide. Nevertheless, knowledge ofCoxiella burnetiiremains limited to this day. Its resistant (intracellular and environmental) and infectious properties have been poorly investigated. Further understanding of the interactions between the infected host and the bacteria is necessary. Domestic ruminants are considered as the main reservoir of bacteria. Infected animals shed highly infectious organisms in milk, feces, urine, vaginal mucus, and, very importantly, birth products. Inhalation is the main route of infection. Frequently asymptomatic in humans and animals, Q fever can cause acute or chronic infections. Financial consequences of infection can be dramatic at herd level. Vaccination with inactive whole-cell bacteria has been performed and proved effective in humans and animals. However, inactive whole-cell vaccines present several defects. Recombinant vaccines have been developed in experimental conditions and have great potential for the future. Q fever is a challenging disease for scientists as significant further investigations are necessary. Great research opportunities are available to reach a better understanding and thus a better prevention and control of the infection.

Public Health Problem of Zoonoses with Emphasis on Q Fever

2006 ◽  
Vol 1078 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
E BESLAGIC ◽  
S HAMZIC ◽  
O BESLAGIC ◽  
S ZVIZDIC
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem

scholarly journals The improving state of Q fever surveillance. A review of Queensland notifications, 2003–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tozer ◽  
Caitlin Wood ◽  
Damin Si ◽  
Michael Nissen ◽  
Theo Sloots ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Exposure Pathways

Q fever is a notifiable zoonotic disease in Australia, caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii. This study has reviewed 2,838 Q fever notifications reported in Queensland between 2003 and 2017 presenting descriptive analyses, with counts, rates, and proportions. For this study period, Queensland accounted for 43% of the Australian national Q fever notifications. Enhanced surveillance follow-up of Q fever cases through Queensland Public Health Units was implemented in 2012, which improved the data collected for occupational risk exposures and animal contacts. For 2013–2017, forty-nine percent (377/774) of cases with an identifiable occupational group would be considered high risk for Q fever. The most common identifiable occupational group was agricultural/farming (31%). For the same period, at-risk environmental exposures were identified in 82% (961/1,170) of notifications; at-risk animal-related exposures were identified in 52% (612/1,170) of notifications; abattoir exposure was identified in 7% of notifications. This study has shown that the improved follow-up of Q fever cases since 2012 has been effective in the identification of possible exposure pathways for Q fever transmission. This improved surveillance has highlighted the need for further education and heightened awareness of Q fever risk for all people living in Queensland, not just those in previously-considered high risk occupations.

scholarly journals The improving state of Q fever surveillance. A review of Queensland notifications, 2003–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tozer ◽  
Caitlin Wood ◽  
Damin Si ◽  
Michael Nissen ◽  
Theo Sloots ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Exposure Pathways

Q fever is a notifiable zoonotic disease in Australia, caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii. This study has reviewed 2,838 Q fever notifications reported in Queensland between 2003 and 2017 presenting descriptive analyses, with counts, rates, and proportions. For this study period, Queensland accounted for 43% of the Australian national Q fever notifications. Enhanced surveillance follow-up of Q fever cases through Queensland Public Health Units was implemented in 2012, which improved the data collected for occupational risk exposures and animal contacts. For 2013–2017, forty-nine percent (377/774) of cases with an identifiable occupational group would be considered high risk for Q fever. The most common identifiable occupational group was agricultural/farming (31%). For the same period, at-risk environmental exposures were identified in 82% (961/1,170) of notifications; at-risk animal-related exposures were identified in 52% (612/1,170) of notifications; abattoir exposure was identified in 7% of notifications. This study has shown that the improved follow-up of Q fever cases since 2012 has been effective in the identification of possible exposure pathways for Q fever transmission. This improved surveillance has highlighted the need for further education and heightened awareness of Q fever risk for all people living in Queensland, not just those in previously-considered high risk occupations.

A Comparison of Methods for Extracting Amplifiable Giardia DNA from Various Environmental Samples

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Rodgers ◽  
Cathy M. Bernardino ◽  
Walter Jakubowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Humic Compounds ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Human gastrointestinal illness due to Giardia duodenalis infection continues to be a public health problem. The ability to detect Giardia cysts is important in assessing the public health risk associated with environmental contamination. The low concentration of cysts in natural waters makes the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) desirable in DNA probe-based detection methods. To date, amplification of DNA in environmental samples has been difficult to achieve. Humic compounds and/or other PCR inhibitors co-extract with nucleic acids, interfering with the polymerase reaction and lowering sensitivity. All of our attempts to separate humic compounds from DNA were unsuccessful. A substantial increase in the magnesium concentration in the reaction alleviated some of the inhibition, indicating that humics interfere by chelation of magnesium. PCR inhibition with environmental samples is most likely caused by a variety of contaminants.

Occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in Minas raw milk cheese: preliminar results of a worrisome public health problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Rozental ◽  
Letícia Scafutto de Faria ◽  
Márcio Roberto Silva ◽  
João Batista Ribeiro ◽  
Flávio Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese

scholarly journals Self-report measures as complementary exams in the diagnosis of insomnia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ruivo Marques
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Insomnia Disorder

[This paper has no abstract. First 111 words are shown] Chronic insomnia disorder (CID) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder and a public health problem (Riemann et al., 2017). It is well recognized as a subjective disorder. Subjective because the diagnosis is fundamentally based on the self-report/complaints of the patients and in the clinical assessment of the sleep expert through a systematic clinical interview – which is the standard method (gold standard) for establishing a diagnosis of CID (Marques et al., 2018). On the contrary, the diagnosis of other sleep disorders demands the so-called objective measures such as polysomnography (PSG) (Riemann et al., 2017). We cannot forget that being CID a subjective disorder, it is important to be exhaustive in clinical assessment.

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