A One Health Perspective on Q Fever

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Rita Cruz ◽  
Carmen Vasconcelos-Nobrega ◽  
Fernando Esteves ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Ana Sofia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
One Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Human Infections

Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii and ruminants, namely, cattle, sheep, and goats, are known to be the main reservoir for human infection. C. burnetii infection in animals can result in epizootic abortions which are often associated with vast bacteria shedding in birth fluids and placentas. Human infections mainly occur in persons handling infected animals and their products. Here the authors describe the history, bacteriology, biosafety, and epidemiology of Q fever, now known to be a serious threat to veterinary public health.

A One Health Perspective on Q Fever

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Rita Cruz ◽  
Carmen Vasconcelos-Nobrega ◽  
Fernando Esteves ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Ana Sofia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Veterinary Public Health

Q fever, a widespread zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetiid, produces a complex and polymorphic disease in humans. As a zoonotic disease, control in animals will influence the level of disease seen in humans, thus resulting in interesting one health perspectives for disease control. Here the authors describe the clinical manifestations in animals and humans, as well as the current diagnostic methods available and the strategies for disease control. A review on the published information regarding Q fever as a disease with impact for veterinary public health and public health is presented.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE THERMAL INACTIVATION OF THE ORGANISM OF Q FEVER IN MILK.1

1956 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Enright ◽  
W. W. Sadler ◽  
R. C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
The Times

Q Fever is an infectious disease of man. Cattle, sheep and goats, who for the most part suffer inapparent infections with the organism, are the important sources of infection for man. These animals shed the organism in their milk. This manuscript reports on the cooperative studies designed to determine the times and temperatures needed to eliminate the causative rickettsiae, Coxiella burnetii, from cows milk. It is reported that the present minimum standard of pasteurization by the vat method of 143° F. for 30 minutes is inadequate, but the temperature of 145° F. for 30 minutes will eliminate the organism. The pasteurization of milk according to the present standards for HTST equipment of 161° F. for 15 seconds seems adequate to destroy C. burnetii.

scholarly journals Pathology of Coronavirus Infections: A Review of Lesions in Animals in the One-Health Perspective

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2377
Author(s):  
Valentina Zappulli ◽  
Silvia Ferro ◽  
Federico Bonsembiante ◽  
Ginevra Brocca ◽  
Alessandro Calore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Infections

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are worldwide distributed RNA-viruses affecting several species, including humans, and causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Historically, they have not been considered a severe threat to public health until two outbreaks of COVs-related atypical human pneumonia derived from animal hosts appeared in 2002 and in 2012. The concern related to CoVs infection dramatically rose after the COVID-19 global outbreak, for which a spill-over from wild animals is also most likely. In light of this CoV zoonotic risk, and their ability to adapt to new species and dramatically spread, it appears pivotal to understand the pathophysiology and mechanisms of tissue injury of known CoVs within the “One-Health” concept. This review specifically describes all CoVs diseases in animals, schematically representing the tissue damage and summarizing the major lesions in an attempt to compare and put them in relation, also with human infections. Some information on pathogenesis and genetic diversity is also included. Investigating the lesions and distribution of CoVs can be crucial to understand and monitor the evolution of these viruses as well as of other pathogens and to further deepen the pathogenesis and transmission of this disease to help public health preventive measures and therapies.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Q fever in Lohra-Rollshausen, Germany, spring 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Lyytikaïnen ◽  
T Ziese ◽  
B Schwartländer ◽  
P Matzdorff ◽  
C Kuhnhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Q fever is an acute (and sometimes chronic) febrile illness caused by the rickettsial organism Coxiella burnetii. The commonest animal reservoirs for C. burnetiiare cattle, sheep, and goats. Infected animals shed the organisms, which resist desiccation, i

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Human and Animal Coxiella burnetii Strains: Genetic Fingerprinting of Q Fever in Belgium

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomaiuolo ◽  
Samira Boarbi ◽  
Tiziano Fancello ◽  
Patrick Michel ◽  
Damien Desqueper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Contamination Routes

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are the primary source for human infection, and the identification of likely contamination routes from the reservoir animals the critical point to implement control programs. This study shows that Q fever is detected in Belgium in abortion of cattle, goat and sheep at a different degree of apparent prevalence (1.93%, 9.19%, and 5.50%, respectively). In addition, and for the first time, it is detected in abortion of alpaca (Vicugna pacos), raising questions on the role of these animals as reservoirs. To determine the relationship between animal and human strains, Multiple Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) (n=146), Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) (n=92) and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) (n=4) methods were used to characterize samples/strains during 2009-2019. Three MLVA clusters (A, B, C) subdivided in 23 subclusters (A1-A12, B1-B8, C1-C3) and 3 SNP types (SNP1, SNP2, SNP6) were identified. The SNP2 type/MLVA cluster A was the most abundant and dispersed genotype over the entire territory, but it seemed not responsible for human cases, as it was only present in animal samples. The SNP1/MLVA B and SNP6/MLVA C clusters were mostly found in small ruminant and human samples, with the rare possibility of spillovers in cattle. SNP1/MLVA B cluster was present in all Belgian areas, while the SNP6/MLVA C cluster appeared more concentrated in the Western provinces. A broad analysis of European MLVA profiles confirmed the host-species distribution described for Belgian samples. In silico genotyping (WGS) further identified the spacer types and the genomic groups of C. burnetii Belgian strains: cattle and goat SNP2/MLVA A isolates belonged to ST61 and genomic group III, while the goat SNP1/MLVA B strain was classified as ST33 and genomic group II. In conclusion, Q fever is widespread in all Belgian domestic ruminants and in alpaca. We determined that the public health risk in Belgium is likely linked to specific genomic groups (SNP1/MLVA B and SNP6/MLVA C) mostly found in small ruminant strains. Considering the concordance between Belgian and European results, these considerations could be extended to other European countries.

scholarly journals Serological survey of Coxiella burnetii infections in dairy cattle, sheep, goats and zoo animals in Hungary – Short communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Dobos ◽  
István Fodor ◽  
Gerda Kiss ◽  
Miklós Gyuranecz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Zoo Animals

AbstractQ fever is a disease of high zoonotic potential, but interest in its causative agent is rather low although it causes some public health problems in Hungary. The prevalence of Q fever is highly variable by country. The main reservoirs of the disease are the same domestic ruminant species everywhere, but the epidemiological profile depends on the features of the specific reservoir. The aim of this large-scale study was to demonstrate the importance of Q fever in different species as a possible source for human infection in most regions of Hungary. A total of 851 serum samples from 44 dairy farms, 16 sheep flocks, 4 goat farms and 3 zoos located in different parts of Hungary were tested. The presence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii was surveyed in dairy cattle (n = 547), goats (n = 71), sheep (n = 200) and zoo animals (n = 33). The animal species tested in Hungary showed different seroprevalence values of C. burnetii infection. Seropositivity by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found in 258 out of 547 (47.2%) cows and in 69 out of 271 (25.5%) small ruminants, among them in 47 out of 200 (23.5%) sheep and in 22 out of 71 (31.0%) goats. Antibodies to C. burnetii were not detected in zoo animals. Seropositivity was demonstrated in 44 out of 44 (100%) dairy cattle farms, with at least one serum sample found to be positive on each farm. The seropositivity rate of small ruminant farms was 55.0% (11 positive out of 20 tested), with 9 out of 16 (56.3%) sheep flocks and 2 out of 4 (50.0%) goat herds showing seropositivity.

Utilization of Standard Method Performance Requirements for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Environmental Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Perry ◽  
Maureen A Conlon ◽  
Christina Egan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Environmental Sample ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Air Filters

Abstract Background Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, has been a long-standing public health problem. Animals can become infected and shed the organism resulting in aerosol transmission to humans. This organism has been considered to have potential for use as a bioterrorism weapon and has been placed on the Select Agent List which is regulated by Health and Human Services (HHS) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). There has been limited assay development for the detection of C. burnetii in environmental sample types Objective We describe utilization of the Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) for the detection of Coxiella in air filters and liquids for validation of additional environmental samples. Method The SMPR® for the detection of Coxiella in air filters and liquids was used to validate a real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) assay developed to detect C. burnetii DNA in powder samples submitted to the public health laboratory for biothreat analysis. Conclusions The SMPR® provided important requirements needed for appropriate validation of an assay to detect Coxiella nucleic acid in an environmental sample. The assay was found to be sensitive, robust, specific, and is useful for the detection of this select agent in powders. Highlights Development of detection assays for agents that are difficult to culture and have limited validation material available can be problematic for manufacturers. Using the SMPR® developed for the detection of Coxiella as well as the SMPR® for the detection of Variola, we demonstrate that assays can be appropriately validated using alternative approaches.

Veterinary Public Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Das
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Ancient Times

Health and disease have always co-existed with man and animal. One medicine concept was developed in ancient times as recorded in the writings of Greek and Roman scholars. In the ecological context, animal activities tend to influence welfare of man in a number of ways and vice versa. The veterinarians are the only healthcare professionals likely to see both people and their animals and aware of the potential threat of zoonotic infections to clients. History behind conceptualization of veterinary public health to one health is discussed thoroughly, and eventually, veterinary public health is referred to as the planetary route and path to one health.

Q FEVER AND ITS RELATION TO DAIRY PRODUCTS*

1953 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Enright ◽  
R. C. Thomas ◽  
P. A. Mullett
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Inapparent Infection

Q fever is an infectious disease of man. It is found as an inapparent infection in animals. Cattle, sheep, and goats are found widely infected in nature and are probably the source of the organisms infecting man. These animals shed the organism in their milk which introduces it into the environment of man. It has been demonstrated that the rickettsiae of Q fever may survive present day pasteurization procedures. This manuscript presents preliminary data of the survival of this organism when suspended in milk and subjected to various time-temperature combinations within the pasteurization range.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document