scholarly journals 133 Supplementing xylanase increased the digestibility of non-starch polysaccharides, particularly arabinoxylan, in diets high in insoluble corn fiber fed to swine with a 36-d dietary adaptation period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Amy Petry ◽  
Nichole Huntley ◽  
Mike R Bedford ◽  
R T Zijlstra ◽  
John Patience
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Corn Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Abstract Xylanase should increase arabinoxylan digestibility in swine, but the responses in corn-based diets are inconsistent. The experimental objective was to investigate xylanase efficacy in growing pigs fed a diet high in insoluble corn fiber and afforded a longer adaptation period than typically reported in the literature. Sixty gilts (25.4 ± 0.9 kg BW; L337 × Camborough), were blocked by weight, housed individually, and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: a low-fiber control [LF; 6.9% non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)], a 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF; 17.6% NSP), HF + 100 mg xylanase/kg (HF+XY; Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK), and HF + 50 mg arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide/kg (HF+AX; 3-7 degrees of polymerization). Diets contained 0.5% CrO3. Gilts were fed ad libitum for 36 d, followed by 10-d of limit feeding (80% of average ad libitum intake) and were housed in metabolism crates. On d 46, pigs were necropsied and ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta were collected; ileal digesta was pooled within replicate for NSP analysis (n=6 per treatment). Data were analyzed as a linear mixed model using replicate and block as random effects, and treatment as a fixed effect. Compared to LF, the HF diet reduced (P< 0.01) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of total NSP (32.7 vs. 16.3%), insoluble NSP (50.0 vs. 21.5%), and insoluble arabinoxylan (29.8 vs. 15.4%). Xylanase (HF+XY vs. HF) increased (P< 0.01) AID of total NSP by 39.8% (27.1 vs. 16.3%) and insoluble NSP by 34.0%. This may be attributed to xylanase increasing AID of total arabinoxylan by 54.5% over HF, 44.5% over LF, and 56.9% over HF+AX (33.0, 15.1, 18.3, and 14.2%, respectively; P=0.02). In conclusion, increasing insoluble fiber reduces NSP digestibility, but xylanase can increase AID of arabinoxylan and NSP. Supplementing an arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide, a potential release product of the xylanase, did not increase NSP digestibility.

scholarly journals PSVII-10 Xylanase improved the nutrient and energy digestibility of diets high in insoluble corn fiber fed to swine following a 36-d dietary adaptation period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
Amy L Petry ◽  
Nichole F Huntley ◽  
Mike R Bedford ◽  
John F Patience
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Corn Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Abstract The efficacy of xylanase in practical swine diets is inconsistent and poorly understood. The experimental objective was to investigate the efficacy of xylanase in growing pigs fed a diet high in insoluble corn fiber and afforded a longer adaptation period than typically reported in the literature. Sixty gilts (25.43 ± 0.88 kg BW; L337 X Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN; n = 15 per treatment), were blocked by weight, housed individually, and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: a low-fiber control (LF; 8.45% NDF), a 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF; 24.5% NDF), HF + 100 mg/kg of xylanase (HF+XY; Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK), and HF + 50 mg/kg of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide (HF+AX; 3-7 degrees of polymerization). Diets contained 0.5% chromium (III) oxide. Gilts were fed ad libitum for 36 d, followed by a 7-d period of adaptation to limit feeding (80% of average ad libitum intake) and housing in metabolism crates, followed by 3 d of urine and fecal collection. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS; 9.4) as a randomized complete block design with pig as the experimental unit, block and replicate as random effects, and treatment as a fixed effect. Compared to the LF diet, the HF diet reduced the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM (88.7 vs. 75.6%), GE (89.0 vs. 77.4%), CP (87.2 vs. 81.8%), NDF (63.3 vs. 44.4%), ADF, and hemicellulose (P = 0.01). Xylanase supplementation, but not arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide, when compared to the HF control diet, improved the ATTD of DM by 3.3% (78.2 vs. 75.6%), GE by 2.2% (79.1 vs. 77.4%), CP by 2.9% (84.2 vs. 81.8%), NDF by 17.5% (53.9 vs. 44.4%), ADF by 16.3% (52.1 vs. 42.9%), and hemicellulose by 16.4% (P < 0.05). These data indicate insoluble fiber reduced nutrient and energy digestibility, but xylanase was effective in partially mitigating that effect.

scholarly journals The influence of xylanase on the fermentability, digestibility, and physiochemical properties of insoluble corn-based fiber along the gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L Petry ◽  
Nichole F Huntley ◽  
Michael R Bedford ◽  
John F Patience
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In theory, supplementing xylanase in corn-based swine diets should improve nutrient and energy digestibility and fiber fermentability, but its efficacy is inconsistent. The experimental objective was to investigate the impact of xylanase on energy and nutrient digestibility, digesta viscosity, and fermentation when pigs are fed a diet high in insoluble fiber (&gt;20% neutral detergent fiber; NDF) and given a 46-d dietary adaptation period. Three replicates of 20 growing gilts were blocked by initial body weight, individually housed, and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: a low-fiber control (LF) with 7.5% NDF, a 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF; 21.9% NDF), HF+100 mg xylanase/kg [HF+XY, (Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK)] providing 16,000 birch xylan units/kg; and HF+50 mg arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide (AXOS) product/kg [HF+AX, (XOS 35A; Shandong Longlive Biotechnology, Shandong, China)] providing AXOS with 3-7 degrees of polymerization. Gilts were allowed ad libitum access to fed for 36-d. On d 36, pigs were housed in metabolism crates for a 10-d period, limit fed, and feces were collected. On d 46, pigs were euthanized and ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta were collected. Data were analyzed as a linear mixed model with block and replication as random effects, and treatment as a fixed effect. Compared with LF, HF reduced the apparent ileal digestibility (AID), apparent cecal digestibility (ACED), apparent colonic digestibility (ACOD), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), NDF, and hemicellulose (P&lt;0.01). Relative to HF, HF+XY improved the AID of GE, CP, and NDF (P&lt;0.05), and improved the ACED, ACOD, and ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose (P&lt;0.05). Among treatments, pigs fed HF had increased hindgut DM disappearance (P=0.031). Relative to HF, HF+XY improved cecal disappearance of DM (162 vs. 98g; P=0.008) and NDF (44 vs. 13g; P&lt;0.01). Pigs fed xylanase had a greater proportion of acetate in cecal digesta and butyrate in colonic digesta among treatments (P&lt;0.05). Compared with LF, HF increased ileal, cecal, and colonic viscosity, but HF+XY decreased ileal viscosity compared with HF (P&lt;0.001). In conclusion, increased insoluble corn-based fiber decreases digestibility, reduces cecal fermentation, and increases digesta viscosity, but supplementing xylanase partially mitigated that effect.

scholarly journals PSVIII-3 Can the fermentation of insoluble corn fiber be improved in the pig? – An investigation into the in vivo mode of action of xylanase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
Amy Petry ◽  
Lucas Koester ◽  
Stephan Schmitz-Esser ◽  
Nichole Huntley ◽  
Mike Bedford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Corn Fiber ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

Abstract Xylanase may improve fermentability of corn co-products through the alteration of hemicellulose, but the mode of action (MOA) is incompletely understood. The experimental objective was to investigate the in vivo MOA of xylanase in growing pigs fed insoluble fiber. Sixty gilts (25.4 ± 0.9 kg BW; L337 X Camborough), were blocked by weight, housed individually, and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: a low-fiber control (LF; 8.45% NDF), a 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF; 24.5% NDF), HF + 100 mg of xylanase/kg (HF+XY; Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK), and HF + 50 mg of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide/kg (HF+AX; 3-7 degrees of polymerization). Gilts were fed ad libitum for 36 d, followed by 10-d of metabolism crate housing and limit feeding (80% of average ad libitum intake). On d 46, pigs were necropsied and ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta were collected for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis, and 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Data were analyzed as a mixed model with random effects of replicate and block, and fixed effect of treatment. Differences in individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were compared using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA in the ileum did not differ (P &gt;0.05), but HF+XY had 10 significantly different OTUs compared to HF in the ileum (P&lt; 0.05). In the cecum, compared to LF, HF reduced total SCFA concentration (91.7 vs. 82.8 mM/L; P&lt; 0.01). However, HF+XY and HF+AX increased total SCFA concentration by 23% and 12% over HF, respectively (P&lt; 0.05). This is likely due to increased cecal acetate concentration (54.0, 53.2, 74.4, 61.2 mM/L for LF, HF, HF+XY, and HF+AX, respectively; P&lt; 0.01). Total colonic SCFA concentration did not differ (P=0.72), but xylanase increased molar proportions of butyrate (P&lt; 0.01). One MOA of xylanase could be the release of fermentable substrates from insoluble fiber.

scholarly journals 181 Effects of Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic on energy and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Jinlong Zhu ◽  
Gerald C Shurson ◽  
Lynsey Whitacre ◽  
Ignacio R Ipharraguerre ◽  
Pedro E Urriola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic (AOP, Amaferm®) on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed high fiber diets. Eighteen growing barrows (initial BW = 50.60 ± 4.90 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. Three diets were formulated by including 29.65% corn-distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 36.65% rice bran (RB) or 24.59% wheat middlings (WM) in corn and soybean meal-based diets to meet nutrient requirements for 50 to 75 kg growing pigs. Three additional diets were formulated by supplementing 0.05% AOP at the expense of corn in DDGS (DDGS + AOP), RB (RB + AOP), and wheat middlings (WM + AOP) diets. Pigs were allotted randomly to a triplicated 6 × 2 Youden square design with 6 diets and 2 successive periods. Feces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d after a 21 d adaptation period, and nutrient content was analyzed to calculate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids was calculated by correcting AID with basal endogenous amino acid losses determined from the same set of pigs. Supplementation of 0.05% AOP increased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, and ash in DDGS, RB, and WM diets. Diet DE was 35 kcal/kg greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed AOP supplemented diets compared with those fed diets without AOP. Pigs fed DDGS+AOP diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) AID of ether extract compared to those fed DDGS diet. However, supplementation of AOP did not (P &gt; 0.05) affect AID of GE, DM, CP, NDF, ash or SID of amino acids. In conclusion, supplementation of AOP in high fiber diets containing DDGS, RB, or WM increased total tract energy value and nutrient digestibility.

PSIV-B-25 Digestible energy and metabolizable energy of high-fiber ingredients in growing pig diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Jongkeon Kim ◽  
Yun Yeong Jo ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Gluten Feed

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations in high-fiber ingredients fed to growing pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 57.5 kg (SD = 5.7) were individually housed in metabolism crates. A replicated 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 12 animals, 6 experimental diets and 3 periods was employed. A basal diet was composed of 75.0% corn and 22.7% soybean meal (SBM) as the sole energy sources. Four experimental diets were prepared by replacing 40% of corn and SBM with soybean hulls (SH), corn gluten feed (CGF), wheat bran (WB), or rice bran (RB). An additional diet was prepared by replacing 10% of corn and SBM with cashew nut hulls (CNH). Each period consisted of a 4-d adaptation period and a 4-d collection period, and the marker-to-marker procedure was used for total collection of feces and urine. The DE and ME values in RB (3,969 and 3,936 kcal/kg DM) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those in CGF (2,654 and 2,520 kcal/kg DM) and SH (2,492 and 2,541 kcal/kg DM) and the energy values in WB (3,162 and 3,118 kcal/kg DM) were not different from those in RB, CGF, or SH. The DE and ME values in CNH (350 and 572 kcal/kg DM) were less (P &lt; 0.05) than those in all other test ingredients. In conclusion, energy concentrations in RB were greatest among the high-fiber test ingredients, whereas CNH had the lowest values.

249 Increasing Structural Fiber Improves Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
Sara Ebarb ◽  
Sabrina May ◽  
Mark D Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Wheat Middlings

Abstract Fiber ingredients in swine diets have various components that affect the intestinal tract distinctively. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of structural fiber sources on growth performance of nursery pigs. A total of 1,760 weanling pigs (initial BW = 6.12 ± 0.3 kg, 16 reps/trt, 22 pigs/pen) were used in a study with 5 dietary treatments: 1) Complex nursery diet with no additional fiber (CON); 2) CON + 2% rice hulls; 3) CON + 4% rice hulls; 4) CON + 6% wheat middlings; 5) CON + 12% wheat middlings. Fiber ingredients were added at the expense of corn and some processed soybean meal to maintain similar dietary protein levels. Using an in vitro fermentation estimation of fermentation for rice hulls and wheat middlings, diets were constructed to add similar levels of structural (non-fermentable NDF) fiber between low and high additions of rice hulls and wheat middlings. Pens across two barns were randomly allotted independent of one another and within a location block to one of the five treatments on d 0 of a two-phase study (d 0–11 and d 11–20.5 post-weaning). Data were analyzed by general linear model in R. Mortality and removal data were analyzed as a generalized linear mixed model with a binomial distribution. Contrasts tested the effect of additional fiber (CON vs treatments 2–5), effect of medium vs high fiber (treatment 2/4 vs 3/5), effect of source of fiber (treatment 2/3 vs 4/5), and the interaction of level and source of fiber. Overall (Table 1), additional fiber resulted in increased ADFI (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to increase ADG (P &lt; 0.10). Probability of mortality and removal was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) when additional fiber was included. In summary, increasing the level of structural fiber improved performance and livability of nursery pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Collection Durations on the Determination of Energy Values and Nutrient Digestibility of High-Fiber Diets in Growing Pigs by Total Fecal Collection Method

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengqun Liu ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fecal Collection

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of collection durations on the energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets in growing pigs with a time-based total fecal collection method. A total of 24 barrows (body weight (BW): 31.1 ± 1.5 kg) were allotted to a completely randomized design with three diets. Diets included a corn–soybean meal (CSM) basal diet and two additional diets containing 20% sugar beet pulp (SBP) or defatted rice bran (DFRB) by replacing corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil in the CSM diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to eight barrows for a 7-day adaptation period followed by a 7-day total feces and urine collection period. The 7-day collection duration was divided into three collection phases, namely, phase 1 (days 8 to 11), phase 2 (days 11 to 13), and phase 3 (days 13 to 15). Then, similar portions of feces and urine from the different collection phases were composited into three additional samples (days 8 to 11, days 8 to 13, and days 8 to 15, respectively). The results showed that the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrient in experimental diets decreased linearly as the collection durations increased from a 3-day to a 7-day collection (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in the energy values, GE, and nutrient digestibility of diets and of high-fiber ingredients between the 5-day and 7-day collection durations. In conclusion, this study suggests that a 5-day collection duration is adequate to determine the energy values and nutrient digestibility of high-fiber diets containing SBP or DFRB in growing pigs by the time-based total fecal collection method.

EFFECT OF SALINOMYCIN ON NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND RETENTION BY GROWING PIGS FED CORN-SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS WITH OR WITHOUT OAT HULLS OR WHEAT BRAN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. MOORE ◽  
E. T. KORNEGAY ◽  
M. D. LINDEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
N Retention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet

Four balance trials were conducted to determine the effect of the antibiotic salinomycin (SM) on nitrogen (N) and energy utilization and fiber component digestibility by swine fed low- or high-fiber diets. Treatments were corn-soybean meal control (C), 10% oat hull (OH) and 20% wheat bran (WB) diets, each with or without SM (82 mg kg−1). In trial 1A, 12 female pigs (34.6 kg) were fed the C or WB diets with or without SM for a 9-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d feces and urine collection period. In trial IB, the same pigs (50.5 kg) were fed the C or OH diets with previous fiber and SM levels reversed. Trial 2 was conducted in a similar fashion with the order of the fiber sources fed reversed (OH in trial 2A, 32.3 kg; WB in trial 2B, 44.7 kg). SM increased apparent N digestibility and N absorption (P < 0.01) in the WB trials, but also increased (P < 0.05) urine N and thus SM did not affect N retention. Although apparent N absorption was decreased (P < 0.06) by SM in the OH trials, this largely reflected a lower N intake (P < 0.02) and SM did not alter N retention. SM did not alter apparent energy utilization by pigs fed the C or OH diets, but increased the coefficients for DE and ME (P < 0.01) and dry matter (DM) digestibility (P < 0.05) of pigs fed the WB diets. Both OH and WB decreased apparent N digestibility (P < 0.01), but did not affect N retention (P > 0.10). OH and WB decreased (P < 0.01) energy digestibility. Digestion coefficients for DM, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose and hemi-cellulose were not affected by SM, but were depressed by OH and WB (P < 0.01). Estimated DM digestibilities (calculated by difference) for OH and WB were 4.9% and 61.3%, respectively. The data indicate that SM may influence energy and N utilization in pigs fed a degradable source of fiber (WB), but not in pigs fed a low-fiber diet (C) or a diet containing a high-fiber ingredient resistant to fermentation (OH). This suggests that SM may alter microbial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of the pig. Key words: Swine, fiber, salinomycin, nitrogen utilization, energy utilization

scholarly journals 160 Can growth performance, digesta characteristics, and oxidative status of swine fed diets high in insoluble fiber be improved? An investigation into the mode of action of xylanase

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Amy L Petry ◽  
Nichole F Huntley ◽  
Mike R Bedford ◽  
John F Patience
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Insoluble Fiber

Abstract Xylanase may improve the utilization of insoluble fiber by the pig, but its mode of action (MOA) is incompletely understood. The experimental objective was to investigate xylanase MOA in vivo in growing pigs fed a diet higher in insoluble fiber. Sixty gilts (n = 15 pigs/treatment; 25.43 ± 0.88 kg BW; L337 X Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were blocked by weight, housed individually, and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: a low-fiber control (LF; NDF=8.45%), a 30% corn bran higher-fiber control (HF; NDF=24.5%), HF + 100 mg xylanase/kg (HF+XY; Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK), and HF + 50 mg arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide/kg (HF+AX; 3–7 degrees of polymerization). Gilts were fed ad libitum for 36 d, followed by a 10-d period of being limit fed (80% of average ad libitum intake) and housed in metabolism crates for use in a related study. Pigs and feeders were weighed on d 0 and 36. On d 46, pigs were necropsied and ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta pH were measured; serum was collected for malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) analysis. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS; 9.4) as a randomized complete block design with pig as the experimental unit, block and replicate as random effects, and treatment as a fixed effect. Insoluble fiber reduced ADG (858 vs. 698 g/d; LF vs. HF, P < 0.001) and GF (0.433 vs. 0.353; LF vs. HF, P < 0.001), but not ADFI (P > 0.05). Xylanase, but not arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide, when compared to HF, improved ADG (762 vs. 698 g/d; P < 0.05), GF (0.382 vs. 0.353; P < 0.05), and final BW (P < 0.05). Cecal and colonic pH did not differ (P > 0.05), but LF and HF+XY reduced ileal pH (P < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation increased serum TAC (P < 0.05), and tended to reduce MDA (P = 0.098). In conclusion, xylanase supplementation improved insoluble fiber utilization. The MOA could include mitigation of reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals Running Head: Heat Affects Cholesterol and Bile Acid Alterations in Cholesterol and Bile Acids Metabolism in Large White Pigs during Short-Term Heat Exposure

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fang ◽  
Xiaobin Wen ◽  
Qingshi Meng ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Jingjing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Heat stress influences lipid metabolism independently of nutrient intake. It is not well understood how cholesterol and bile acid (BA) metabolism are affected by heat stress. To investigate the alterations of cholesterol and bile acids when pigs are exposed to short term heat stress, 24 Large White pigs (63.2 ± 9.5 kg body weight, BW) were distributed into one of three environmental treatments: control conditions (CON, 23 °C with ad libitum intake; n = 8), heat stress conditions (HS, 33 °C with ad libitum intake; n = 8), or pair-fed conditions (PF, 23 °C with the same amount to the feed consumed by the HS; n = 8) for three days. Compared with CON pigs, HS pigs reduced the average daily feed intake and average daily gain by 55% and 124%, respectively, and significantly increased rectal temperatures by 0.9 °C and respiration rates more than three-fold. The serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) increased (p < 0.05), while hepatic TC, TG, and mRNA of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase were reduced on day 3. Furthermore, liver taurine-conjugated BAs (TCBAs), including taurolithocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurohyodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid were elevated in HS pigs compared to CON and PF pigs (p < 0.05), and the level of chenodeoxycholic acid was more significant in the PF group than in the CON and HS groups. The concentration of ursodeoxycholic acid in the serum was higher in HS pigs than CON and PF pigs (p < 0.05), and TCDCA was increased in HS pigs compared with PF pigs (p < 0.05). Altogether, short-term HS reduced hepatic cholesterol levels by decreasing cholesterol synthesis, promoting cholesterol to TCBAs conversion, and cholesterol release to serum in growing pigs. This independently reduced feed intake might serve as a mechanism to protect cells from damage during the early period.

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