scholarly journals PSVII-19 Fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose and the mammary fat pad of Holstein calves receiving different estradiol treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
Marina Miquilini ◽  
Nicole R Hardy ◽  
Kellie Enger ◽  
Phyllis Dieter ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Mammary Fat Pad ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Estradiol administration increases mammary parenchyma growth and can increase the mass of the mammary fat pad (MFP) in calves. Estradiol can affect fatty acid metabolism, but it is unknown how estradiol affects the fatty acid profile of the MFP and if these effects are consistent across adipose stores. The objective of this investigation was to determine if fatty acid profiles were affected by estradiol administration and if this response is adipose tissue type specific. Holstein heifer calves were reared on a common diet and administered 12 daily injections prior to euthanasia at 82 days of age. Injections were either daily injections of corn oil (n = 4; CON), 9 injections of corn oil followed by 3 injections of estradiol (n = 4; SHORT), or 12 injections of estradiol (n = 4; LONG). Fatty acids were extracted from MFP and subcutaneous adipose tissues samples and analyzed using gas chromatography. Data were analyzed using a mixed model considering the effect of treatment, adipose tissue depot, their interaction, and the random effect of animal. Only significant treatment effects and treatment-adipose type interactions are presented here (Table 1). Estradiol administration (SHORT and LONG) increased total C18:1 fatty acids (P = 0.05), and tended to increase non-C18:2 t10 c12 CLAs, C18:3, and total omega-3 fatty acids (P ≤ 0.1) in the MFP and subcutaneous adipose tissues relative to CON. There was a treatment by tissue interaction for C18:1 trans-10 (P = 0.01), and a tendency for C18:1 trans-11 and C18:2 trans-10 cis-12 (P ≤ 0.1) indicating that estradiol’s effects on fatty acids are tissue specific. Together, these results indicate that the MFP responds differently to estradiol than subcutaneous adipose tissues and that these alterations are associated with different periods of induced mammary growth via estradiol.

scholarly journals N-6 and n-3 fatty acids in different beef adipose tissues depending on the presence or absence of the gene responsible for double-muscling

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aldai ◽  
M.E.R. Dugan ◽  
A.I. Nájera ◽  
K. Osoro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Levels of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, including those with 20 and 22 carbon-chains, in concentrate-fed Asturiana de los Valles (AV) yearling bulls with and without the double muscling gene <I>(mh/mh</I> = 24, <I>mh</I>/+ = 26, +/+ = 25) were measured to examine if this gene influences the pattern of PUFA deposition in different adipose tissues. Fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue (<I>longissimus thoracis</I>) and intermuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues were determined by gas chromatography. The composition of intramuscular fat was unique compared to the other two adipose tissues which were similar in composition. In general, n-6 and n-3 fatty acid elongation and desaturation products were affected by AV genotype and this effect was most evident in n-3 PUFAs of the intramuscular fat of <I>mh/mh</I> (n-6/n-3 = 11.8 and 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 = 25.3) compared to <I>mh</I>/+ and +/+ animals (mean values of n-6/n-3 = 9.86 and 18:2n-6/18:3n-3 = 15.5). PUFA elongation and desaturation end products did not accumulate to any great extent in intermuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Beef from <I>mh/mh</I> cattle showed greater deposition rates of n-3 elongation and desaturation products but their absolute content of total n-3 fatty acids was lower (21 mg/100 g meat) in comparison with <I>mh</I>/+ and +/+ cattle (mean value of 25 mg/100 g meat).

scholarly journals Fatty acid profiles in adipose tissues and liver differ between horses and ponies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Adolph ◽  
Carola Schedlbauer ◽  
Dominique Blaue ◽  
Axel Schöniger ◽  
Claudia Gittel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractFatty acids, as key components of cellular membranes and complex lipids, may play a central role in endocrine signalling and the function of adipose tissue and liver. Thus, the lipid fatty acid composition may play a role in health and disease status in the equine. This study aimed to investigate the fatty acid composition of different tissues and liver lipid classes by comparing Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies under defined conditions. We hypothesized that ponies show different lipid patterns than horses in adipose tissue, liver and plasma. Six Warmblood horses and six Shetland ponies were housed and fed under identical conditions. Tissue and blood sampling were performed following a standardized protocol. A one-step lipid extraction, methylation and trans-esterification method with subsequent gas chromatography was used to analyse the total lipid content and fatty acid profile of retroperitoneal, mesocolon and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver and plasma. In the adipose tissues, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 MUFAs) were most present in ponies and horses. N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), followed by SFAs, were most frequently found in liver tissue and plasma in all animals. Horses, in comparison to ponies, had significantly higher n-6 PUFA levels in all tissues and plasma. In liver tissue, horses had significantly lower hepatic iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) than ponies. The hepatic fatty acid composition of selected lipid classes was different between horses and ponies. In the polar PL fraction, horses had low n-9 MUFA and n-3 PUFA contents but higher n-6 PUFA contents than ponies. Furthermore, iso-BCFAs are absent in several hepatic lipid fractions of horses but not ponies. The differences in fatty acid lipid classes between horses and ponies provide key information on the species- and location-specific regulation of FA metabolism, thus affecting health and disease risk.

FATTY ACID COMTENTS IN RAT ADIPOSE TISSUES UNDER ANAEROBIC EXERCISE AND HIGH-CALORIE DIETS

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Yakimovich ◽  
M.Yu. Kotlovskiy ◽  
S.V. Gusakova ◽  
V.V. Ivanov ◽  
V.N. Vasil'ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturation Index ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

The objective of the paper is to study the effects of anaerobic exercise on fatty acids percentage in adipose tissues of different localization under high-calorie diets in rats. Materials and Methods. The authors examined Wistar rats under high calorie diets (32 % fat content). In the first group the animals were not exposed to any physical exercise. In the second group rats were exposed to anaerobic physical activity, namely swimming. The percentage of 24 fatty acids (FA) and the value of 14 integrative indicators (complexes) in the depot of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were determined using chromatography-mass spectrometry (Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. Anaerobic exercise led to an increase in saturated FAs in the mesenteric adipose tissues and to a decrease in unsaturated FAs, as well as to a decrease in the unsaturation index; an increase in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue of the FA sphingophospholipid substrates, FA membrane substrates, a decrease in the energy substrates, an increase of vitamin F FA substrates due to ω6 of unsaturated FAs. At the same time, a decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated FAs was observed in the subcutaneous depot, and the balance between ω3/ω6 shifted towards ω6 of unsaturated FAs. In the mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissues, there was a decrease in monounsaturated FAs due to ω9 of unsaturated FAs, and the ratio of saturated FAs/monounsaturated FAs shifted towards saturated FAs. Only in retroperitoneal adipose tissues there was a decrease in ω7 of saturated FAs due to C16: 1 ω7. Conclusion. Regular anaerobic exercise and a high-calorie diet showed the most pronounced effect on FAs in visceral adipose tissues, namely in mesenteric and retroperitoneal tissues. Keywords: fatty acids, fatty acid complexes, adipose tissues, anaerobic exercise, high-calorie diet. Цель – исследовать воздействие анаэробной физической нагрузки на процентное содержание жирных кислот в жировой ткани разной локализации на фоне питания повышенной калорийности у крыс. Материалы и методы. В исследовании использовали крыс линии Wistar, находящихся на питании повышенной калорийности (с долей жира 32 %). В первой группе животных физическая нагрузка отсутствовала, крысы второй группы получали физическую нагрузку преимущественно анаэробного характера в виде плавания. Процентное содержание 24 жирных кислот (ЖК) и значение 14 интегративных показателей (комплексов) в депо висцеральной и подкожной жировой ткани определяли на хромато-масс-спектрометре (Аgilent Technologies, США). Результаты. Анаэробная физическая нагрузка привела к увеличению содержания в мезентеральной жировой ткани насыщенных ЖК (НасЖК) и снижению ненасыщенных ЖК (НЖК), а также снижению индекса ненасыщенности; увеличению в забрюшинной жировой ткани ЖК-субстратов сфингофосфолипидов, ЖК-субстратов мембран, снижению субстратов энергии, увеличению содержания ЖК-субстратов витамина F за счет ω6 НЖК. При этом в подкожном депо наблюдалось снижение суммы полиненасыщенных ЖК, а баланс ω3/ω6 сместился в сторону ω6 НЖК. В мезентериальной и забрюшинной жировой ткани отмечалось снижение содержания мононенасыщенных ЖК (МНЖК) за счет ω9 НЖК, а соотношение НасЖК/МНЖК сместилось в сторону НасЖК. Только в забрюшинной жировой ткани было установлено снижение содержания ω7 НЖК за счет С16:1 ω7. Выводы. Регулярная анаэробная физическая нагрузка на фоне питания повышенной калорийности продемонстрировала наиболее выраженное влияние в отношении ЖК в висцеральной жировой ткани, а именно в мезентериальной и забрюшинной. Ключевые слова: жирные кислоты, комплексы жирных кислот, жировая ткань, анаэробная физическая нагрузка, диета повышенной калорийности.

Omega-3 fatty acids and ERPR(-) and HER2/neu(+/-) breast cancer prevention.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS1589-TPS1589
Author(s):  
Chidimma Kalu ◽  
Sarah Woelke ◽  
Jianying Zhang ◽  
Martha Belury ◽  
Rulong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Her2 Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Adipose Tissue ◽  
Breast Adipose

TPS1589 Background: The most aggressive breast cancer subtypes tend to be estrogen and progesterone receptor negative (ERPR(-)) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 positive (HER2(+)). Women with these breast cancer subtypes (triple negative, ERPR(-)HER2(+)) tend to experience worse clinical outcomes and have a relatively higher risk of recurrence. Our previous research demonstrated that dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids can significantly inhibit ERPR(-) HER2(+) tumorigenesis in MMTV-HER2/neu transgenic mice fed fish oil vs corn oil-based diets. The fish oil diet group developed 30% fewer breast tumors, had lower Ki67 expression, and experienced less mammary atypia relative to the corn oil diet group. Other studies involving diet, nutrition and breast cancer point to the potentially protective effect of an anti-inflammatory diet on the risk of developing ER(-) and HER2(+) breast cancer, further supporting the evidence that the ERPR(-), HER2(±) subtypes may be highly responsive to this bioactive nutrient. Methods: This is a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial of high dose (~5.4 g EPA+DHA) vs low dose (~0.9 g EPA+DHA in fatty acid mix of the typical American diet) of n-3 fatty acids in breast cancer survivors of ERPR(-), HER2(±) breast cancer. Eligible participants will take 5 capsules/day for 12 months, with cellular samples of breast epithelial and/or adipose tissue obtained by fine needle aspirations of the contralateral breast. The study aims to determine whether n-3 fatty acid supplementation will modify fatty acid metabolite content in breast adipose tissue, modulate cytomorphology and/or cell proliferation in breast epithelial cells, affect DNA methylation patterns, and modulate pro- vs anti-inflammatory gene expression patterns in breast adipose tissue. Correlative aims will evaluate possible associations between factors such as breast adipose tissue, red cell membrane fatty acid profiles, BMI, and reported dietary intake. Sample size of 40 participants per arm was calculated to provide at least 80% power to detect a statistically significant difference for each primary endpoint. This study focuses on women survivors of high risk breast cancer subtypes, specifically triple negative or ERPR(-)HER2(+) disease, who are currently without long term adjuvant options. Eligibility criteria include prior diagnosis of ERPR(-) stage 0 to III breast cancer, ≤5 years from completion of standard therapy.The study was closed to accrual in November 2018; less than 9 months of follow-up remain for active study participants. Clinical trial information: NCT02295059.

Regional uptake of meal fatty acids in humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (6) ◽  
pp. E1282-E1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jensen ◽  
Michael G. Sarr ◽  
Daniel A. Dumesic ◽  
Peter A. Southorn ◽  
James A. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Meal Ingestion ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Two protocols were performed to study meal fatty acid metabolism. In protocol 1, 14 patients scheduled for elective intra-abdominal surgery (11 undergoing bariatric surgery for severe obesity) consumed a meal containing [3H]triolein in the evening before surgery. This allowed us to measure adipose tissue lipid specific activity (SA) in mesenteric and omental, deep and superficial abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue lipid SA was greater than subcutaneous lipid SA. There were no significant differences between mesenteric and omental or between deep and superficial abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. In protocol 2, meal fatty acid oxidation and uptake into subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue ([3H]triolein) were measured in six normal, healthy volunteers. Meal fatty acid oxidation (3H2O generation) plus that remaining in plasma (∼1%) plus uptake into upper body subcutaneous, lower body subcutaneous, and visceral fat allowed us to account for 98 ± 6% of meal fatty acids 24 h after meal ingestion. We conclude that omental fat is a good surrogate for visceral fat and that abdominal subcutaneous fat depots are comparable with regard to meal fatty acid metabolic studies. Using [3H]triolein, we were able to account for virtually 100% of meal fatty acids 24 h after meal ingestion. These results support the meal fatty acid tracer model as a way to study the metabolic fate of dietary fat.

scholarly journals Influence of different dietary fats on triacylglycerol deposition in rat adipose tissue

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier S. Perona ◽  
María P. Portillo ◽  
M. Teresa Macarulla ◽  
Ana I. Tueros ◽  
Valentina Ruiz-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Positional Isomerism ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

It has been demonstrated that triacylglycerol (TAG) mobilization from adipose tissue is selective and depends on fatty acid (FA) chain length, unsaturation and positional isomerism. The present study was performed to determine the influence of dietary fat on the composition of TAG stored in rat perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues. These results may provide information on the susceptibility of stored TAG to hydrolysis and further mobilization, and may help to establish an interrelationship between dietary composition and the FA efflux from adipose tissue. TAG molecular species and FA composition were determined by HPLC and GLC respectively. No significant differences were found in either FA or TAG composition between perirenal and subcutaneous adipose depots. The major FA in the dietary fats were present in the adipose tissues of the animals; in most cases, in similar proportions. However, differences were found between dietary and adipose tissue content of minor FA, which suggests that dietary FA composition is altered between ingestion and deposition in adipose tissue. The TAG molecular species of rat adipose tissue were enriched with the FA characteristic of each dietary fat. Dietary sunflower oil was responsible for enrichment with the most polar TAG. This finding may suggest easier mobilization of stored TAG. In conclusion, the process of fatty acid and TAG deposition in rat adipose tissue is selective, and depends on the composition of the diet.

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