PSI-10 Genetic parameters for soybean allergy response in divergently-selected pigs

Abstract Genetically selecting for improved animal resilience has become of great interest in modern livestock breeding. In this context, piglets experience a transitory allergic response to soybean proteins that has a negative impact on their growth and welfare. The main objective of this study was to determine whether soybean allergy response is a heritable trait, using divergently selected pig lines. The base generation pigs were generated from nine sire lines (primarily Yorkshire and Landrace) and two dam sources (Yorkshire × Chester White F1 and Landrace × Yorkshire F1). Soybean allergic response was measured, following a skin test protocol, on pigs that received a diet containing 28% soybean meal for 21 consecutive days post-weaning. The skin test was performed with an intradermal injection of soybean protein. Wheel and flare scores (ranging from 0 to 3) were assigned approximately 60 minutes post-injection. Based on the skin test total scores (i.e., the sum of the wheal and flair scores, ranging from 0 to 6), animals were selected to create two (a high and a low) soybean protein reacting lines, and bred within lines for nine generations. Phenotypes used in this study were measured on a total of 5,505 animals born from generations one to nine, in both high and low reacting lines. Significant systematic effects (P < 0.05) included in the statistical model were birth year, birth season, sex, and weaning weight (as a covariate). Genetic parameters for the skin test were estimated using a pedigree-based relationship matrix containing 9,201 animals, and a threshold animal mixed model. The genetic variance estimated for soybean allergy was 0.091, indicating that there is genetic variability in this trait. The heritability estimated for soybean allergy response was 0.139, which indicates that food allergy response is a heritable trait and can be improved through selective breeding.

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Four Equivalent Sets of Mixed-Model Equations with Relationship Matrix for Estimation of Genetic Parameters

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas1988.6671627x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 66 (7) ◽

pp. 1627 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Y. Lin

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Relationship Matrix ◽

Model Equations ◽

Estimation Of Genetic Parameters

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PSI-6 Genetic Parameters for Food Allergy Responses in Divergently-selected Pig Lines

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 225-226

Author(s):

Yuwen Chen ◽

Hinayah Rojas de Oliveira ◽

Amanda B Alvarenga ◽

Allan P Schinckel ◽

Terry S Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Skin Test ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Selective Breeding ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Relationship Matrix ◽

Group Breeding

Abstract Genetic selection for health and welfare-related traits is paramount in livestock breeding. Piglet allergic responses to soybean protein negatively impact animal growth and welfare. The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of soybean allergic responses and genetic correlations between soybean and peanut allergies (r1,2) in divergently-selected pig lines. The base population consisted of nine sire lines (primarily Yorkshire and Landrace) and two dam sources (Yorkshire × Chester White-F1 and Landrace × Yorkshire-F1). Soybean and peanut-allergic responses were measured through a skin test (0–6 scale; 0-no allergic responses; 6-severe allergic responses; characterized by wheal and flair) on pigs fed a diet containing soybean meal for 21 d post-weaning. A total of 5,505 animals from nine generations of two contrasting lines (i.e., high and low skin test reaction) were included in the analyses. The statistical model included contemporary group, breeding lines, replication, sex, and weaning weight (linear covariate) as fixed effects (P-value < 0.05), and additive genetic, maternal genetic, and maternal permanent environment as random effects. Threshold and linear Bayesian models were used to estimate genetic parameters, using a pedigree-based relationship matrix containing 9,201 animals. The heritability estimates for the general soybean allergic response were 0.199 ± 0.045 and 0.119 ± 0.025 for the threshold (liability scale) and linear models, respectively, suggesting that soybean allergic responses are heritable and can be improved through selective breeding. A weak negative genetic correlation between allergic responses and birth weight was observed (r1,2 = -0.253 ± 0.192), which shows that the genetic variance of soybean allergy is less dependent on birth weight. However, a high positive genetic correlation was estimated between soybean and peanut-allergic responses (r1,2 = 0.89 ± 0.048), which indicates a potential cross-reactivity of soybean and peanut allergies. Our findings suggest that it is possible to reduce food allergy responses in pigs through selective breeding.

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Socioeconomic Conditions and Landowners’ Perception Affect the Intention to Restore Polylepis Forests in the Central Andes of Peru

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12020118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Lunel Joseph ◽

Raúl Marino Yaranga Cano ◽

Marco Arizapana-Almonacid ◽

Marcela Venelli Pyles ◽

Flávia Freire de Siqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Central Andes ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions ◽

Native Flora ◽

The Family ◽

Andes Region

Research Highlights: Families more dependent on crops as the main source of income of properties have a greater intention of restoring Polylepis forest areas. However, this intention reduces with the increase of family dependence on subsistence products supplied by Polylepis forests. Properties where the chances of restoration of Polylepis forests are greater are those where the educational and technical level is better. Objectives: We aimed to comprehend which socioeconomic factors of rural properties and families’ perception were determinant for the intention to restore Polylepis forests in the Central Andes region of Peru. Material and Methods: We collected data through visits and the application of questionnaires. We selected 13 rural communities in the Tulumayo River Basin. We randomly sampled 10 to 20 families in each community, depending on its size, totaling 200 families. We used generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to test which variables affect the intention to restore the forest. Results: When crops are the main source of income in the property, the families have more intention to restore Polylepis areas, on the other hand, when Polylepis forests are an important source of products for the family subsistence, the intention to restore forests reduces, indicating that higher technological status has a positive impact on restoration. The perception that Polylepis forests are important for the existence of water sources had a positive impact on the families’ intention to restore the areas. However, the perception that Polylepis forests are important for native flora persistence had a negative impact on the intention to restore their areas. Conclusions: Our results showed that investment in improving the productivity of the properties and in the education of their landowners should increase the success of eventual programs for restoration of Polylepis forests.

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Genetic Variability, Correlation among Agronomic Traits, and Genetic Progress in a Sugarcane Diversity Panel

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 533

Author(s):

Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽

Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽

Roberto Giacomini Chapola ◽

Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia ◽

Anete Pereira Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Average Increase ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Future Studies ◽

Diversity Panel ◽

Adjusted Means ◽

Historical Series

Sugarcane breeding programs require 15 years of experimentation to create more productive cultivars, and estimates of genetic progress can indicate the efficiency of breeding programs. In this study, we used a diversity panel, the Brazilian Panel of Sugarcane Genotypes (BPSG), with the following objectives: (i) to estimate, through a mixed model, the adjusted means and genetic parameters of ten traits evaluated over three harvest years; (ii) to estimate genotypic correlation among those traits; and (iii) to estimate genetic progress over six decades of breeding. The heritabilities ranged from 0.43 to 0.88, and we detected 42 significant correlations, 9 negative and 33 positive. Over six decades, the sucrose-related traits BRIX, POL%C, and POL%J showed an average increase per decade of 0.27 °Brix (0.26% and 0.31%, respectively). Stalk number, height, and weight of the plot, and cane and sucrose yields revealed average increases per decade of 3.27 stalks, 0.06 m, 9.42 kg, 11.22 t/ha, and 2.08 t/ha, respectively. The genetic progress of the main agronomic traits is discussed through a historical series of sugarcane genotypes present in the BPSG. The findings of this study could contribute to the management of new breeding strategies and allow for future studies of associative mapping.

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GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR GROWTH TRAITS OF SANTA INES SHEEP USING GIBBS SAMPLING

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252015v28n423rc ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 211-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

LEANDRO TEIXEIRA BARBOSA ◽

GLEICIANNY DE BRITO SANTOS ◽

EVANDRO NEVES MUNIZ ◽

HYMERSON COSTA AZEVEDO ◽

JAILSON LARA FAGUNDES

Keyword(s):

Gibbs Sampling ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Meat Production ◽

Gibbs Sampling Algorithm ◽

Santa Inês ◽

Variance Parameters ◽

Additive Genetic Effects ◽

Maternal Heritability

ABSTRACT: This study sought to estimate (co)variance and genetic parameters for birth weight (BWT) and weaning weight (WWT) in Santa Ines sheep. A total of 2,111 records were obtained from EMBRAPA/CPATC experimental herds, dating from the years 1998 to 2008. (Co)variance parameters were obtained through a two-trait analysis with the Gibbs sampling algorithm using the MTGSAM program. The mixed model included the environmental effects of sex, contemporary group and type of birth, in addition to residual, direct and maternal additive effects. Mean estimates of direct heritability for BWT and WWT were 0.25 and 0.09, respectively. Mean estimates of maternal heritability were 0.34 for BWT and 0.24 for WWT. The genetic correlation between BWT and WWT was 0.14. The results suggest that breeding Santa Ines sheep for meat production must take into consideration direct and maternal additive genetic effects.

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Plant selection in F2 segregating populations of papaya from commercial hybrids

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332012000300005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Eder Jorge Oliveira ◽

Gilberto de Andrade Fraife Filho ◽

Juan Paulo Xavier de Freitas ◽

Jorge Luiz Loyola Dantas ◽

Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Plant Selection ◽

F2 Population ◽

The Common ◽

Mixed Model Methodology ◽

Fruit Diameter ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this paper was to estimate the genetic parameters and additive genetic values in segregating populations of papaya using the mixed model methodology. Two F2 populations from Tainung and Calimosa hybrids were evaluated. The experimental design was an augmented block with four replicates, and Golden and Calimosa cultivars were the common treatment. Estimates of individual heritability were high for fruit length (FL) and weight (FW), moderate for fruit diameter (FD), and low for total soluble solids (TSS) and fruit firmness (FF). Considering FF and TSS as main traits for selection, genotypes of Calimosa-F2 population showed better performance to FF, but worse concerning TSS. It was selected 18.3% and 24.6% of plants from Tainung-F2 and Calimosa-F2 populations, respectively. Negative correlation between TSS and FF was not able to reduce the genetic gains. The segregating populations from Calimosa hybrid are more promising for the selection of papaya lines.

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Reduced Animal Models Fitting Only Equations for Phenotyped Animals

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.637626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Nilforooshan ◽

Dorian Garrick

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Animal Models ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Reduced Model ◽

Relationship Matrix ◽

Full Model ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Reduced Animal Model ◽

Numerator Relationship Matrix ◽

Model Equations

Reduced models are equivalent models to the full model that enable reduction in the computational demand for solving the problem, here, mixed model equations for estimating breeding values of selection candidates. Since phenotyped animals provide data to the model, the aim of this study was to reduce animal models to those equations corresponding to phenotyped animals. Non-phenotyped ancestral animals have normally been included in analyses as they facilitate formation of the inverse numerator relationship matrix. However, a reduced model can exclude those animals and obtain identical solutions for the breeding values of the animals of interest. Solutions corresponding to non-phenotyped animals can be back-solved from the solutions of phenotyped animals and specific blocks of the inverted relationship matrix. This idea was extended to other forms of animal model and the results from each reduced model (and back-solving) were identical to the results from the corresponding full model. Previous studies have been mainly focused on reduced animal models that absorb equations corresponding to non-parents and solve equations only for parents of phenotyped animals. These two types of reduced animal model can be combined to formulate only equations corresponding to phenotyped parents of phenotyped progeny.

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Genetic parameters and performance of sugarcane families under cold stress in the South of Brazil

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000500007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 583-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mario Alvaro Aloisio Verissimo ◽

Ricardo Augusto de Oliveira ◽

Sérgio Delmar dos Anjos e Silva ◽

Edelclaiton Daros ◽

Adílson Härter

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Incomplete Block Design ◽

Sib Families ◽

Heritability Estimates ◽

And Performance ◽

South Of Brazil

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters for the performance prediction of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under natural cold stress, in Southern Brazil, and to identify the best combinations of parents aiming at the selection for tolerance to cold. Fifty-three full-sib families were evaluated in an incomplete block design, with five replicates per family, in the municipality of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Harvest occurred in August 2013, nine months after planting and after cold spells with negative temperatures down to -2.2ºC. Statistical analyses, performed with the mixed model methodology, detected significant differences among families. Heritability estimates among progeny means were higher than those of individual heritability. Estimates of genetic progress for the traits megagrams of stalks per hectare, megagrams of brix per hectare, and number of stalks indicated gains of 93.8, 91.0, and 53.3%, respectively. A set of eight promising families that combine high estimates for yield and cold stress tolerance was obtained.

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Genetic parameters of traits at the juvenile stage of different assai palm tree progenies

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000700005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 815-823

Author(s):

Patricia Cardoso Andrade Navegantes ◽

Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽

José Airton Rodrigues Nunes

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Juvenile Stage ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Euterpe Oleracea ◽

Mixed Model Approach ◽

Randomized Design

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters of traits at the juvenile stage of different assai palm (Euterpe oleracea) tree progenies, as well as to select among and within the most promising for fruit production. A total of 34 half-sib and 16 full-sib progenies were evaluated in a completely randomized design with eight replicates and one plant per plot. Nine traits were measured in five harvests, and the data were analyzed using the mixed model approach. The genetic variance was significant for most of the traits. Progeny-mean heritabilities showed moderate magnitudes, ranging from 51% for number of dead leaves to 59% for leaf sheath length. In general, the genetic correlations were positive and had magnitudes varying from moderate to very high. The genetic gains were more expressive for the traits plant height, leaf sheath length, and girth circumference. The full-sib progenies P33, P37, and P42 are promising for fruit production.

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