scholarly journals 402 Audio information retrieval for describing gait patterns in Brazilian horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 27-27
Author(s):  
Ricardo V Ventura ◽  
Rafael Z Lopes ◽  
Lucas T Andrietta ◽  
Fernando Bussiman ◽  
Julio Balieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Audio Features ◽  
Horse Industry ◽  
Audio Files ◽  
Audio Information

Abstract The Brazilian gaited horse industry is growing steadily, even after a recession period that affected different economic sectors in the whole country. Recent numbers suggested an increase on the exports, which reveals the relevance of this horse market segment. Horses are classified according to the gait criteria, which divide the horses in two groups associated with the animal movements: lateral (Marcha Picada) or diagonal (Marcha_Batida). These two gait groups usually show remarkable differences related to speed and number of steps per fixed unit of time, among other factors. Audio retrieval refers to the process of information extraction obtained from audio signals. This new data analysis area, in comparison to traditional methods to evaluate and classify gait types (as, for example, human subjective evaluation and video monitoring), provides a potential method to collect phenotypes in a reduced cost manner. Audio files (n = 80) were obtained after extracting audio features from freely available YouTube videos. Videos were manually labeled according to the two gait groups (Marcha Picada or Marcha Batida) and thirty animals were used after a quality control filter step. This study aimed to investigate different metrics associated with audio signal processing, in order to first cluster animals according to the gait type and subsequently include additional traits that could be useful to improve accuracy during the identification of genetically superior animals. Twenty-eight metrics, based on frequency or physical audio aspects, were carried out individually or in groups of relative importance to perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA), as well as to describe the two gait types. The PCA results indicated that over 87% of the animals were correctly clustered. Challenges regarding environmental interferences and noises must be further investigated. These first findings suggest that audio information retrieval could potentially be implemented in animal breeding programs, aiming to improve horse gait.

Audio Information Retrieval and Musical Acoustics

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Marco Olivieri ◽  
Raffaele Malvermi ◽  
Mirco Pezzoli ◽  
Massimiliano Zanoni ◽  
Sebastian Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Musical Acoustics ◽  
Audio Information

scholarly journals Integrating Audio Signal Processing and Deep Learning Algorithms for Gait Pattern Classification in Brazilian Gaited Horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Antonio Carvalho Alves ◽  
Lucas Tassoni Andrietta ◽  
Rafael Zinni Lopes ◽  
Fernando Oliveira Bussiman ◽  
Fabyano Fonseca e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Signal Processing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Audio Signal Processing ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Audio Features ◽  
Gaited Horses

This study focused on assessing the usefulness of using audio signal processing in the gaited horse industry. A total of 196 short-time audio files (4 s) were collected from video recordings of Brazilian gaited horses. These files were converted into waveform signals (196 samples by 80,000 columns) and divided into training (N = 164) and validation (N = 32) datasets. Twelve single-valued audio features were initially extracted to summarize the training data according to the gait patterns (Marcha Batida—MB and Marcha Picada—MP). After preliminary analyses, high-dimensional arrays of the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Onset Strength (OS), and Tempogram (TEMP) were extracted and used as input information in the classification algorithms. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the 12 single-valued features set and each audio-feature dataset—AFD (MFCC, OS, and TEMP) for prior data visualization. Machine learning (random forest, RF; support vector machine, SVM) and deep learning (multilayer perceptron neural networks, MLP; convolution neural networks, CNN) algorithms were used to classify the gait types. A five-fold cross-validation scheme with 10 repetitions was employed for assessing the models' predictive performance. The classification performance across models and AFD was also validated with independent observations. The models and AFD were compared based on the classification accuracy (ACC), specificity (SPEC), sensitivity (SEN), and area under the curve (AUC). In the logistic regression analysis, five out of the 12 audio features extracted were significant (p < 0.05) between the gait types. ACC averages ranged from 0.806 to 0.932 for MFCC, from 0.758 to 0.948 for OS and, from 0.936 to 0.968 for TEMP. Overall, the TEMP dataset provided the best classification accuracies for all models. The most suitable method for audio-based horse gait pattern classification was CNN. Both cross and independent validation schemes confirmed that high values of ACC, SPEC, SEN, and AUC are expected for yet-to-be-observed labels, except for MFCC-based models, in which clear overfitting was observed. Using audio-generated data for describing gait phenotypes in Brazilian horses is a promising approach, as the two gait patterns were correctly distinguished. The highest classification performance was achieved by combining CNN and the rhythmic-descriptive AFD.

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF RISK FACTORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS IN VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Tien Sy ◽  
Veerasak Likhitruangsilp ◽  
Masamitsu Onishi ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The rapidly increasing demand and the inefficacy of financing transportation infrastructure project investments have contributed to various challenges for Vietnam in recent decades. Since the country’s budget is inadequate for investing in all necessary infrastructure projects, the Vietnam government has been inviting other economic sectors, especially the private sector, to participate in infrastructure development. The cooperation between the government agencies and the private entities, called PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP), must encounter various challenges leading to difficulties in attracting private investors. A main reason is that private investors must deal with critical risks concerning PPP investment environment. It is a challenging task for the government to optimally manage such risks to enhance the attractiveness of PPP projects for private investors. This paper examines the critical risk factors that influence the private sector’s investment decisions on PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Risk factors inherent in typical PPP projects were compiled by comprehensive literature review. To reflect unique characteristics of PPP projects in Vietnam, the compiled risk factors were reviewed by a group of PPP experts from both the public and private sectors in Vietnam through indepth interviews and questionnaire surveys. In addition, ten PPP project case studies in Vietnam were analyzed to derive the risk profile of PPP transportation projects of the nation. These risk factors were quantitatively assessed based on their probabilities and impact levels. We found that the critical risk factors of PPP infrastructure projects in Vietnam are acquisition/compensation problems, approvals and permits, inadequate feasibility studies, finance market issues, subjective evaluation methods, and change in laws and regulations. By performing factor analysis, these critical risk factors were grouped into four categories: (1) bidding process, (2) finance issues, (3) laws and regulations, and (4) project evaluation issues. These critical risk factors represent the obstacles that repel private investors from PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Thus, the Vietnam government agencies should meticulously address these issues to attract both domestic and foreign private investors in PPP projects.

An overview of audio information retrieval

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Foote
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Audio Information

On the Relations Between Audio Features and Room Acoustic Parameters of Auralizations

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Cerdá ◽  
Alicia Giménez ◽  
Radha Montell ◽  
Arturo Barba ◽  
Radu Lacatis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Acoustics ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Audio Signals ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Audio Features ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
Audio Files ◽  
Musical Audio

The usual parameters in room acoustics are used to quantify the acoustic characteristics of rooms and their relation to the subjective perception of transmitted signals. Audio features (calculated with MIRToolbox) have been designed to study the relationships between the characteristics of musical audio files and their subjective perception. Both musical characteristics and acoustic parameters are oriented towards acoustic perception. By using auralizations with calibrated models of auditoriums and tools from the MIRtoolbox it is possible to jointly work with the calculation of audio features and room parameters. In this work, the statistical correlations between C80, STI, D50, EDT, RT and certain audio features have been analyzed. The Pearson r values are higher than 0.8 in all cases. These high correlations enable acoustic parameters to be calculated from the musical characteristics of auralized audio signals.

Similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zulaikha Binti Zulkifli ◽  
KyoungOk Kim ◽  
Masayuki Takatera
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aimed to clarify the criteria for subjective evaluation of the similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants and propose a quantitative evaluation method for those similarities and differences based on geometric features related to the evaluation.Design/methodology/approachUsing patterns, we made five pairs of actual pants for a dummy in five fabrics. We simulated virtual pants with a 3-D simulator. Sensory evaluation was conducted with images of the virtual and actual pants: 20 participants compared the images based on a questionnaire. For the structure of evaluation, the authors undertook analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The actual and virtual pants were geometrically compared using the 3-D scanned data. To investigate the relationship between quantitative and sensory evaluation, the authors calculated the correlation coefficients.FindingsThe authors found that subjects perceived the differences between actual and simulated pants. When comparing the virtual and actual pants, the criteria for the differences were the silhouette from the front view, hem width, waist and wrinkles. Using differences in the hem width, it would be possible to evaluate the differences between actual and simulated pants. Roughness and smoothness of the silhouette also affected evaluation.Originality/valueThe authors clarified the evaluation criteria for the similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants. The authors proposed a quantitative evaluation method for the similarities and differences between virtual and actual garment based on our criteria. This study will be of benefit to 3-D simulator users and developers.

An Information Retrieval System Based on Portable Device

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2706-2711
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Yu ◽  
Wen Gen Wang ◽  
Jian Hua Shi ◽  
Yun Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Information Retrieval System ◽  
Text Indexing ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Information Retrieval Systems ◽  
Audio Information

Information retrieval is the activity to organize information in a certain way, and according to the users demand to find out the related information from a collection of resources. Retrieval process and technology can be based on metadata or full-text indexing. Most of the relevant information retrieval systems are devised on the computer. However, with the highly development of the embedded technology, some popular application have been developed on the platform. In this paper, we will introduce an information retrieval system on the iOS platform which is more convenient, practical, and effective compared with the traditional system. And we will introduce an application based on this system design. The experiments shown that this system was exactly effective utilized to retrieval audio information.

scholarly journals Interannual-to-multidecadal Hydroclimate Variability and its Sectoral Impacts in northeastern Argentina

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Lovino ◽  
Omar V. Müller ◽  
Gabriela V. Müller ◽  
Leandro C. Sgroi ◽  
Walter E. Baethgen
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
Hydroclimate Variability ◽  
Nonlinear Trends ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

Abstract. This study examines the relation between hydroclimate variability (precipitation, river discharge, temperature) and water resources, agriculture and human settlements at different time scales in northeastern Argentina. It also discusses the impacts on these productive and socio-economic sectors. The leading patterns of variability, their nonlinear trends, and cycles are identified by means of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) complemented with a Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). Interannual hydroclimatic variability centres on two broad frequency bands: one of 2.5–6.5 years corresponding to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) periodicities and the second of about 9 years. Interdecadal variability is characterized by low-frequency trends and multidecadal oscillations that have induced a transition to wetter and warmer climate starting in the mid-twentieth century. The hydroclimate variability at all time scales had significant sectoral impacts. Frequent wet events between 1970 and 2005 favoured floods that affected agricultural and livestock productivity and forced population displacements. On the other hand, agricultural droughts produced soil moisture deficits affecting crops at critical growth periods. Hydrological droughts affected surface water resources causing water and food scarcity and stressed the capacity for hydropower generation. Lastly, increases in minimum temperature reduced wheat and barley yields.

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