scholarly journals IMPACTS OF RISK FACTORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS IN VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Tien Sy ◽  
Veerasak Likhitruangsilp ◽  
Masamitsu Onishi ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The rapidly increasing demand and the inefficacy of financing transportation infrastructure project investments have contributed to various challenges for Vietnam in recent decades. Since the country’s budget is inadequate for investing in all necessary infrastructure projects, the Vietnam government has been inviting other economic sectors, especially the private sector, to participate in infrastructure development. The cooperation between the government agencies and the private entities, called PublicPrivate Partnership (PPP), must encounter various challenges leading to difficulties in attracting private investors. A main reason is that private investors must deal with critical risks concerning PPP investment environment. It is a challenging task for the government to optimally manage such risks to enhance the attractiveness of PPP projects for private investors. This paper examines the critical risk factors that influence the private sector’s investment decisions on PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Risk factors inherent in typical PPP projects were compiled by comprehensive literature review. To reflect unique characteristics of PPP projects in Vietnam, the compiled risk factors were reviewed by a group of PPP experts from both the public and private sectors in Vietnam through indepth interviews and questionnaire surveys. In addition, ten PPP project case studies in Vietnam were analyzed to derive the risk profile of PPP transportation projects of the nation. These risk factors were quantitatively assessed based on their probabilities and impact levels. We found that the critical risk factors of PPP infrastructure projects in Vietnam are acquisition/compensation problems, approvals and permits, inadequate feasibility studies, finance market issues, subjective evaluation methods, and change in laws and regulations. By performing factor analysis, these critical risk factors were grouped into four categories: (1) bidding process, (2) finance issues, (3) laws and regulations, and (4) project evaluation issues. These critical risk factors represent the obstacles that repel private investors from PPP transportation projects in Vietnam. Thus, the Vietnam government agencies should meticulously address these issues to attract both domestic and foreign private investors in PPP projects.

Indonesia reforms slightly boost infrastructure plan

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors

Subject Indonesia's infrastructure plans. Significance Indonesia will need over 416 billion dollars for infrastructure development between 2015 and 2019, according to the National Development Board's mid-term development plan published late last year. To that end, President Joko 'Jokowi' Widodo's government is planning to treble public infrastructure spending to 26 billion dollars in 2016, from about 9 billion dollars in 2015. For 2016, the government has pledged to streamline further the planning and funding systems of infrastructure projects, offering increasingly better regulatory and financial terms to private investors. Impacts Cancellation of the Bandung-Jakarta rail project has hit Chinese-Indonesian infrastructure cooperation, but only temporarily. A repeat of such a political debacle, however, could have a more lasting impact on Chinese and Japanese investors' appetite. To make 'new friends' in South-east Asia, Russia will probably invest in Indonesian infrastructure, especially in the energy sector.

scholarly journals Use of forest land for national-priority infrastructures in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
U. R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Equivalent Area ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Forest Lands

 Forest conversion has been identified as one of the several bottlenecks affecting upon the major infrastructure projects in Nepal, especially in the energy and transport sectors. Nepal’s policy requires at least 40% of its land cover under forest. This means if any forest land is converted to non-forest land, it must be compensated with an equivalent area, preferably in the similar ecotype in the nation. In addition, a specified number of trees must be planted for the number of trees felled in the project site, and the site must be managed and protected for five years by the developers. These provisions have led to growing resentment between the developers and the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MFSC), leading to delay in providing forest lands for infrastructure projects. With a view to develop mechanisms for the government to rapidly provide forest land for nationally important infrastructure projects, the Government databases were examined to analyze the forests handed over to the developers for non-forestry uses. The data showed that a total of 14,028.4 ha of forest area were handed over to the developers for non-forestry uses until the end of 2015. On an average, 263.8 ha forest area was found to be handed over to the developers between the period of 2010–2013. However, there is a declining trend of forest handed over for non-forestry purposes in the recent years. The decline could be due to the strict enforcement of the legal provision which limits the conversion of forest areas to non-forest areas except in the case of the “national priority projects”. It has been recommended that the conversion of forest for infrastructure development should be examined with a holistic perspective by taking all the related components of forest conversion into consideration, from providing forest land for replacement planting. It is recommended that the Forest Product Development Board (FPDB), a parastatal organization under the MFSC, should be entrusted with the work of plantation related to forest conversion. The fund for this work should flow directly from the developers to the FPDB. The possibility of forming a land bank to facilitate the work of the FPDB is also recommended.Banko Janakari, Vol. 27, No. 1, Page: 60-64

scholarly journals An Opportunities-Based Approach to Mitigating Risks Associated with Infrastructure Development Projects

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Messerschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Energy And Environment

‘Risk' is a major point of focus in the literature on resettlement and reconstruction associated with the impacts of major infrastructure development on project affected individuals and families. Previous approaches to risk appear to emphasize the negative consequences of development, and it is no wonder then that project affected people often emphatically resist development and change. This paper proposes that a more pro-active, positive opportunities and benefits approach be taken in dealing with resettlement and reconstruction associated with large scale infrastructure projects. The discussion is focused on the eight ‘risk factors' (or ‘opportunity factors'?) listed in the well known ‘Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction' (IRR) Model. Three more such factors are added to the list based on field experience in South Asia. The point is that by emphasizing the potential opportunities and benefits, project affected people are more likely to be supportive of projects that may disrupt their lives. Key words: Resettlement, opportunities, risk, IRR model, South Asia, infrastructure development  doi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1912 Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, January, 2008 Page 9-15

scholarly journals Resistance and Potential for Development: Examining the Role of Religion in the Development of Women in the Infrastructure Projects in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (101) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Rahla Rahat
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Financing

Pakistan is going through large scale infrastructure development with most of the state-led mega projects being funded by international financing agencies. Many of these agencies have mandatory social safeguards to mitigate the negative impacts of the projects for project-affected-communities especially women. This provides the government an opportunity to advance the conditions of women in project areas. However, the gender mainstreaming efforts usually face resistance from communities on various grounds including religion. This study explores the nature of resistance on religious basis and the strategies used by the development practitioners to manage such resistance. A qualitative research approach was employed and through a purposive sampling technique participants were recruited for this study. In-depth interviews were used to collect data which was analyzed by thematic analysis. The data was collected from development practitioners working for government and international financing agencies on infrastructure projects. Resistance towards development of women initiatives are on interventions, presence of female staff in communities, and on giving access to project teams, including women, to females in communities. Major reasons for this resistance were suspicion of projects, especially if the financing agencies were Western, and the fear that development of women may result in women losing their religious and cultural values which may lead to the breakdown of the institution of family and Islamic society. The strategies to deal with these resistances include involving religious leaders as stakeholders, peer education through religious scholars, exposure visits for local religious leaders, developing gender and cultural sensitivities of the staff, meaningful consultation with community, and effective grievance redress mechanism.

scholarly journals Analysing Indonesia’s infrastructure deficits from a developmentalist perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 102452942110433
Author(s):  
Kyunghoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Bureaucratic Reform

This paper analyses the performance and appropriateness of the Indonesian government’s ‘good governance’ institutional reform aimed at stimulating infrastructure construction. During the 15 years after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the government attempted to strengthen formal institutions with the goal of improving public investment efficiency and attracting private investors. By analysing policies in the construction industry in terms of company registration, procurement and state enterprises, the paper finds that the outcome was far from what was expected by technocratic-bureaucratic reform promoters as interest groups frequently succeeded in capturing the new institutional system. This paper then challenges the dominant narrative that overwhelmingly blames incomplete institutional reform for Indonesia’s slow infrastructure construction. Given the inherent market failure and political challenges in institutional reform, the paper argues that passive developmentalist policies, which resulted in conflictual state–business relations and insufficient public investment, were a prime cause that then set the stage for the emergence of state-led infrastructure development strategy from the mid-2010s.

scholarly journals Reengineered Governance Process for Assessing Core Public Infrastructure Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9669
Author(s):  
Yi-Shin Lin ◽  
Jui-Sheng Chou ◽  
Chi-Hung Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Current System ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Project Assessment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Although the global financial crisis has adversely affected finances, governments continue to prepare substantial budgets annually to promote major economic development projects. However, the projects that are actually implemented by the current system often encounter delays, low public usage after completion, or failure to achieve the original objectives or expected benefits. This issue demands that the government immediately establish the countermeasures needed for effective improvement. The objective of this study is to provide a mechanism for promptly terminating ineffective projects and for minimizing the risks of ineffective project execution and unused budgets. To achieve the goal of the efficient use of financial resources, this study applied a qualitative research method and the process of reengineering concepts to provide government agencies with standard operating procedures and to review checklists for project assessment. The analysis results can be applied to public infrastructure projects before or during execution and provide an exemplary urban policy evaluation model for a three-tier administration system. The contributions of this study aim to reduce the misuse and waste of national resources and to maximize the efficiency of resource use by developing a standard review procedure, effective assessment procedures, a checklist, and a review checklist that can serve as a reference for government agencies.

scholarly journals Investigation into the causes of delay in land acquisition for PPP projects in developing countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Olusola Babatunde ◽  
Onaopepo Adeniyi ◽  
Oluwaseyi Alabi Awodele
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Private Investors

Purpose The land is a critical resource for public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure development. However, acquisition of land for PPP infrastructure projects implementation increasingly becomes problematic in developing countries. Yet, effort at investigating the factors causing a delay in land acquisition for PPP infrastructure projects through an empirical method in developing countries received scant attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and critically assess the factors predisposing PPP projects implementation to land acquisition delay in Nigeria using an empirical approach. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted literature review and questionnaire survey. For instance, literature review was used to identify the factors causing delay in land acquisition for PPP projects in developing countries, which was used to design the questionnaire survey culminating in data analysis. To capture a broad perception, the questionnaires were administered to three different primary stakeholder groups comprised public sector authorities (i.e. ministries, department, agencies), concessionaires and lenders/banks involved in PPP projects implementation in Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using mean score, Kruskal–Wallis test and factor analysis. Findings The study revealed the mean score ranking of 22 identified factors causing a delay in land acquisition for PPP projects in Nigeria. The result of factor analysis grouped the 22 identified factors into 4 principal factors, namely, resettlement issues with political interference; non-availability of land with a higher cost of land transactions; weak planning institutions; and rehabilitation issues with extensive legal delays. Practical implications These study findings have implications for both policymakers considering PPP projects and private investors seeking to finance a PPP project in developing countries. Also, the study findings would be useful for the governments in Nigeria and other developing countries to formulate clear policies framework that facilitates the smooth acquisition of land for PPP projects. Originality/value The study will be beneficial to the potential local and foreign private investors and governments by broadening their awareness on impediments in land acquisition for PPP projects in Nigeria and developing countries at large. These study findings are crucial, as not many empirical studies have been conducted in Nigeria and many other developing countries.

scholarly journals CONFLICTING NORMS BETWEEN TACIT REFUSAL AND TACIT AUTHORIZATION AND ITS CONTEXTUALIZATION IN THE LIGHT OF GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Azza Azka Norra
Keyword(s):  
Government Agencies ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The silence of the Government Administration has two possibilities, Tacit Refusal and Tacit Authorization. Tacit Refusal means that if the government agencies/bodies ignored requests from citizens then it is considered to have rejected the request. Tacit Authorization means if the government agencies/bodies ignored requests from citizens then it is considered to have granted the request. In Indonesia, both the Tacit Refusal and Tacit Authorization have their own places in the laws and regulations. The Law No. 5 of 1986 concerning Administrative Judiciary, rules the Tacit Refusal, meanwhile Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, rules the Tacit Authorization. Both cannot be implemented simultaneously because both of them are negating each other. This paper tries to explain the implementation of Tacit Refusal and Tacit Authorization after the enactment of Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration in the administrative court.

scholarly journals Umbrella Act as a Solution to Overcome Conflicting Regulations During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Yuridika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
M. Kenza Radhya E A ◽  
Ersya Dwi Nurifanti
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Unresolved Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The Covid-19 pandemic brings new challenges to people around the world, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, the Covid-19 pandemic is still an unresolved problem. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, besides threatening health and the economy, it is also exacerbated by government policies. Conflicting policies hinder obstacles in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. The need for a solution in the form of the formation of an umbrella act to overcome the conditions caused by the covid-19 pandemic, which covers the health and economic sectors, can be a solution to the conflicts applied by the Government, and the Umbrella Act can answer the Government's confusion in overcoming this pandemic. This study uses a normative method that discusses legal aspects by critically analyzing library materials applicable to laws and regulations. Umbrella actions can go beyond conflicting with an integrated rule. The Umbrella act can be applied in Indonesia and can be a solution to overcome the number of cases of the Covid-19 pandemic, which is still relatively high. With the Umbrella Act, the Government's responsibility will be fulfilled to provide legal protection to the community. The Umbrella Act, which has been proven to overcome conflicting regulations, will solve the current emergency. With the Umbrella Act, the Government's responsibility will fulfill to provide legal protection to society.

Revitalizing Infrastructure Sector to Accelerate Economic Recovery in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110075
Author(s):  
Ram Krishna ◽  
Jaydeep Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flows ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Global Projects ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
The Government

Infrastructure has a strong, positive correlation with economic growth, making it a preferred instrument for the government to achieve post-pandemic economic recovery. Other large economies too are similarly investing in infrastructure. Indian projects will thus need to compete with other global projects for financing, investors, technology and developers. It is therefore necessary to improve the attractiveness and marketability of India’s infrastructure projects by reducing risks and improving visibility of projects. With increased competition and changes in the environment, the risks of future cash flows from infrastructure investments have increased manifold. This paper examines the perceived risks in the entire lifecycle of infrastructure projects from infrastructure planning to project planning, bidding, implementation and operations along with best practices in each area. A long-term vision for the infrastructure development will provide visibility to projects for the current National Infrastructure Pipeline. The development of the entire project delivery ecosystem requires initiatives in capacity building in the technical, financial and entrepreneurial resources, and engagement with project affected people. Other desirable outcomes of infrastructure investments, for example, job creation, sustainability and reduction in disparity are also discussed. The paper presents a perspective for revitalizing infrastructure development in India so that its efficacy for post-pandemic economic recovery is enhanced.

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