62 Growth Performance and Mineral Status of 6 Kg Piglets Fed Reduced Levels of Dietary Calcium

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Laura A Merriman ◽  
Craig Wyatt ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy ◽  
Xaviere Rousseau ◽  
Dan Bussières
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Imbalances between calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) impair growth performance and bone mineralization. However, reducing dietary limestone may change the buffering capacity of feed in early nursery piglets, which may help prevent post-weaning diarrhea. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of reducing Ca post weaning compared to recommendations outlined by NRC (2012) or a low P diet. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) Low Ca (LCa; Phase 1, 0.51% Ca and 0.47% STTD P), 2) NRC recommendations (NRC; Phase 1, 0.85% Ca and 0.42% STTD P), and 3) a recommendation lower in phosphorus (LP; Phase 1, 0.65% Ca and 0.36% STTD P). Each diet was fed over 4 phases. Piglets (n = 953; 276/275 Fast X PIC 800 genetics) were blocked by room, sex, and initial BW (6 kg). Feed intake and pig weights were recorded weekly. At 12 d and 41 d, blood was collected and Dual-X ray (DXA) measurements were taken using 8 piglets per treatment. Fecal scores were evaluated during wk 4 and 5. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). There were no differences observed in mortality, overall growth performance, plasma Ca and P, and scour scores at either time point. At 12 d, the bone mineral content was reduced (P = 0.001) in LP pigs compared to LCa and NRC. At 41 d, bone mineral content was reduced in NRC in comparison to LCa while LP was intermediate (P = 0.001). Plasma parameters showed an increased magnesium (Mg) and Ca:Mg in LCa (P < 0.01) that can be related to bone resorption to face Ca hypocalcemia. Pigs were healthy with no enteric challenges, limiting the ability to observe a benefit in fecal scores. In conclusion, piglets can maintain growth and bone mineralization through a short-term limestone removal program.

Lower Relative Bone Mineral Content in Obese Adolescents: Role of Non-Weight Bearing Exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Templeton ◽  
Aaron S. Kelly ◽  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Donald R. Dengel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

We assessed relative bone mineral content (BMC) in normal-weight (BMI < 85th percentile), overweight (BMI ≥ 85th—< 95th percentile), and obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) adolescents and evaluated the impact of nonweight bearing stationary cycle exercise training in a subset of obese participants. Obese and overweight adolescents had higher (p = .001) BMC than normal-weight counterparts, but after adjusting for total body mass the overweight and obese adolescents had a significantly lower (p < .001) BMC than normal-weight subjects. Although aerobic training such as cycling would seem optimal for caloric expenditure in obese adolescents, this study showed that eight weeks of cycle training did not improve BMC in obese adolescents. Weight-bearing aerobic exercise would be a better option for optimizing bone health in this population.

scholarly journals Influence of weight status on bone mineral content measured by DXA in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Sánchez Ferrer ◽  
Ernesto Cortes Castell ◽  
Francisco Carratalá Marco ◽  
Mercedes Juste Ruiz ◽  
José Antonio Quesada Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density

Abstract Introduction Childhood obesity is a public health problem with repercussions in later life. As tissue formation peaks in childhood we determined how weight status influences bone mineral content. Material and methods We studied 553 children aged 4–18 years over 10 years (46.8% girls). We measured age, weight, height and through bone densitometry (DXA), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and waist, arm and hip circumferences. The patients were divided into groups using the body mass index z-score: underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese and very obese. Results BMC and BMD values were highest in the normal-weight and overweight groups. Logistic regression showed bone mineralization was inversely associated with waist circumference, the association being positive for weight and age. No differences were found according to sex. Discussion Studies of the relationship between weight and bone mineralization report contradictory results, often because of different study designs. Moreover, studies in children are either few or with small samples. Our findings in a large sample show the importance of weight status in bone mineralization given the risk of bone fractures or osteoporosis. Conclusions Weight status influenced bone mineralization. BMC and BMD decreased in children with a higher degree of obesity. Waist circumference correlated negatively with bone mineralization.

scholarly journals Maternal and Neonatal Factors Affecting Bone Mineral Content of Indonesian Term Newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunjung Wibowo ◽  
Neti Nurani ◽  
Janatin Hastuti ◽  
Alifah Anggraini ◽  
Rina Susilowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Term Newborns

Background: Interactions between the genome and intrauterine environment can affect bone mineralization in newborns and even in adult life. Several studies show that intrauterine fetal bone mineralization or early postnatal bone condition influences the risk of osteoporosis in later life.Objectives: To determine whole body bone mineral content (WB BMC) and factors that influence neonatal WB BMC in Indonesian term newborns.Subjects/Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 45 term, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns were included in this study. BMC was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the first week of life. Weight (g), length (cm) and head circumference (cm) were measured at birth. Data on maternal characteristics were obtained from the maternal health records or reported by the mothers.Results: WB BMC measured in the present study (mean ± SD: 33.2 ± 9.3 g) was lower than WB BMC of similar populations in developed countries. Multiple linear regression showed that birth weight, birth length, and gestational age had a positive association with WB BMC (p = 0.048, 0.017, and &lt;0.001, respectively), while maternal cigarette exposure had a negative association with WB BMC (p = 0.012). Male infants had significantly higher of WB BMC than female (p = 0.025). These determinants contribute to 55% variability of WB BMC.Conclusions: WB BMC in Indonesian term newborns is lower than populations in developed countries. Birth weight, length, gestational age, sex, and maternal cigarette exposure during pregnancy are significantly associated with WB BMC observed in Indonesian newborns.

Assessment of the Bone Mineral Content in the Mandible by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry to Evaluate Short-Term Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540
Author(s):  
Yun Sun ◽  
Min Min An ◽  
Jingmei Wang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Liying He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change

scholarly journals PSVI-13 Sequential feeding with diets varying in amino acid content improves body composition in growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Alini M Veira ◽  
Luan S Santos ◽  
Alícia Z Fraga ◽  
Marllon M Oliveira ◽  
Paulo H Reis Furtado Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mass Gain

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of conventional (CONV) and sequential feeding (SEQ) programs with diets varying in amino acid content over the day on body composition in growing-finishing pig. Sixty-eight 25-kg (±2.04) BW barrows were assigned to the following feeding programs: 1) CONV in which pigs received 100% of standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA recommendations for the entire day; 2) SEQ providing 80% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 120% from 1200 to 2359 h (SEQ80-120); 3) SEQ providing 70% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 130% from 1200 to 2359 h (SEQ70-130); and 4) SEQ providing 60% SID AA recommendations from 2400 to 1159 h and 140% from 1200 to 2359 h (SEQ60-140). The experimental period lasted 82 days. At days 0, 28, 54 and 82 body lean mass, fat and minerals were measured using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Pigs fed SEQ80-120 had body composition variables similar to CONV pigs (P &gt;0.05). Whereas, pigs fed SEQ70-130 had greater (P&lt; 0.05) body fat mass (5.27 vs 4.48 kg), bone mineral content (0.656 vs 0.605 kg), fat mass gain (0.100 vs 0.073 kg/d) and bone mineral gain (6.92 vs 5.16 g/d) than CONV pigs during phase 1. Still during phase 1, SEQ60-140 fed pigs had greater (P&lt; 0.05) bone mineral content (0.655 vs 0.605 kg), lean mass gain (0.436 vs 0.374 kg/d) and bone mineral gain (7.48 vs 5.16 g/d) than CONV pigs. During phase 3, bone mineral content was higher (P&lt; 0.05) for SEQ70-130 than CONV (1.408 vs 1.269 kg). During the entire experimental period, body composition variables were not affected by SEQ (P &gt;0.05). According to our results, sequential feeding program improves body composition of pigs at the beginning of the growth period.

scholarly journals 285 Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil improves growth performance of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 118-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric van Heugten ◽  
Gabriela Martinez ◽  
Alejandra McComb ◽  
Elizabeth Koutsos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Insect-derived protein and lipid sources are sustainable, alternative ingredients for the feed industry. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of increasing levels of supplemental black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) oil on growth performance and serological and hematological indices in nursery pigs. Newly weaned, 21-day old pigs (n = 192; BW=6.9±0.15 kg) were randomly assigned within sex and BW blocks to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, using 48 pens (4 pigs/pen; 12 replicates/treatment). Treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, and 6% supplemental BSFL oil (mainly contained C12:0, C18:2, C16:0, C18:1, and C14:0 at 36.9, 17.3, 14.6, 13.1, and 9.8 g/100 g of lipid, respectively), replacing equal amounts of corn oil. Dietary treatments were fed in 3 dietary phases (14, 11, and 15 d for Phase 1 to 3, respectively). Supplementation of BSFL oil linearly increased BW (P ≤ 0.052) on d 14, 21, 25, 33, and 40 (final BW of 27.83, 27.62, 28.84, and 28.44 kg, respectively) and ADG during Phase 1 (P = 0.017), 2 (P = 0.055), and overall (P = 0.048; 523, 518, 548, and 539 g/d). Gain:feed was improved linearly during Phase 1 (P = 0.001) and 2 (P = 0.049), but ADFI was not affected (P &gt; 0.36). Supplemental BSFL oil did not affect (P &gt; 0.18) serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, urea N, creatinine, glucose, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl, triglycerides, amylase, lipase, or creatine phosphokinase, but linearly increased (P &lt; 0.001) serum cholesterol. White blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were not affected (P &gt; 0.17) by BSFL oil, but platelet count tended to linearly increase (P = 0.082). All serological and hematological analytical results were within normal expected ranges. In conclusion, BSFL oil is a promising, high energy feed ingredient that can be successfully fed to nursery pigs, while improving their growth performance.

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