Examination of Diet, Physical Activity, Biomarkers of Bone Mineralization, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Children Between 5 Years of Age and Puberty

Purpose: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, mediated the relationship between accelerometer-measured MVPA and TBLH BMC measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: MVPA had a positive controlled direct effect on TBLH BMC in girls and boys (β = 0.010 to 0.011, p < 0.05). There was no mediation or interaction between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC in girls or boys (β = −0.000 to 0.001, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that MVPA positively influences TBLH BMC through pathways not related to free leptin index in predominantly normal-weight prepubertal children, likely primarily through mechanical loading. The relationships between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC may be influenced by other factors such as pubertal status and adiposity, so it is unknown whether these observations extend to overweight and obese children at different stages of puberty.

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Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Post-Menopausal Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2465

Author(s):

Elisa Félix-Soriano ◽

Alejandro Martínez-Gayo ◽

María José Cobo ◽

Adriana Pérez-Chávez ◽

Javier Ibáñez-Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Pufa Supplementation

Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55–70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination.

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Relationship between body composition and bone mineral content in young and elderly women

Annals of Human Biology ◽

10.1080/03014460210137819 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 559-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

G. Bedogni ◽

C. Mussi ◽

M. Malavolti ◽

A. Borghi ◽

M. Poli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Elderly Women

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Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Content and Density in Overweight and Obese Children with Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10081075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Victoria Muñoz-Hernandez ◽

Lide Arenaza ◽

Luis Gracia-Marco ◽

Maria Medrano ◽

Elisa Merchan Ramirez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽

The Mediterranean

The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the associations of physical activity and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) with bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in children with overweight and obesity. A total of 177 (n = 80 girls) children with overweight and obesity aged 8 to 12 years old participated in the study. Both BMC and BMD were assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary patterns were assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and two 24-hour recalls. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 7 consecutive days (24 hours/day). Low adherence to the MDP was observed in 82.4% of participants. Higher physical activity levels (of at least moderate intensity) and lower sedentary time were significantly associated with BMC and BMD in children with low adherence to the MDP (all p < 0.05). No associations were observed between physical activity and BMC and BMD in children with high adherence to the MDP. In conclusion, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior might be particularly beneficial for improving bone health in overweight or obese children with poor adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

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Lean Mass is a Stronger Predictor of Bone Mineral Content and Density than Fat Mass and Physical Activity in Young and Old Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000274737.65747.58 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S439

Author(s):

Gunnhildur Hinriksdóttir ◽

Sigurbjörn Á. Arngrímsson ◽

Mark M. Misic ◽

Daina M. Mallard ◽

Ellen M. Evans

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Mineral Content

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62 Growth Performance and Mineral Status of 6 Kg Piglets Fed Reduced Levels of Dietary Calcium

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab054.074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 42-42

Author(s):

Laura A Merriman ◽

Craig Wyatt ◽

Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy ◽

Xaviere Rousseau ◽

Dan Bussières

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Short Term ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

The Impact

Abstract Imbalances between calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) impair growth performance and bone mineralization. However, reducing dietary limestone may change the buffering capacity of feed in early nursery piglets, which may help prevent post-weaning diarrhea. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of reducing Ca post weaning compared to recommendations outlined by NRC (2012) or a low P diet. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) Low Ca (LCa; Phase 1, 0.51% Ca and 0.47% STTD P), 2) NRC recommendations (NRC; Phase 1, 0.85% Ca and 0.42% STTD P), and 3) a recommendation lower in phosphorus (LP; Phase 1, 0.65% Ca and 0.36% STTD P). Each diet was fed over 4 phases. Piglets (n = 953; 276/275 Fast X PIC 800 genetics) were blocked by room, sex, and initial BW (6 kg). Feed intake and pig weights were recorded weekly. At 12 d and 41 d, blood was collected and Dual-X ray (DXA) measurements were taken using 8 piglets per treatment. Fecal scores were evaluated during wk 4 and 5. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). There were no differences observed in mortality, overall growth performance, plasma Ca and P, and scour scores at either time point. At 12 d, the bone mineral content was reduced (P = 0.001) in LP pigs compared to LCa and NRC. At 41 d, bone mineral content was reduced in NRC in comparison to LCa while LP was intermediate (P = 0.001). Plasma parameters showed an increased magnesium (Mg) and Ca:Mg in LCa (P < 0.01) that can be related to bone resorption to face Ca hypocalcemia. Pigs were healthy with no enteric challenges, limiting the ability to observe a benefit in fecal scores. In conclusion, piglets can maintain growth and bone mineralization through a short-term limestone removal program.

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