Impact of manganese amino acid complex on tissue specific trace mineral distribution and corpus luteum function in gilts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M Studer ◽  
Zoe E Kiefer ◽  
Brady M Goetz ◽  
Aileen F Keating ◽  
Lance H Baumgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Mn Content

Abstract Functional corpora lutea (CL) are required for pregnancy establishment and gestational maintenance in swine, and CL function is susceptible to environmental influences. Manganese (Mn) could be critical in regulating CL function since it is a component of the antioxidant enzyme Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as well as enzymes involved in cholesterol and steroid hormone synthesis. We hypothesized that a more bioavailable dietary Mn source would increase Mn content in the CL thereby influencing luteal function during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Post-pubertal gilts (n = 32) were assigned to one of four gestation diets. The control diet (CON) met or exceeded NRC (2012) requirements and was formulated to contain 20 ppm of added Mn in the form of Mn sulfate. Three additional diets included 20 (TRT1), 40 (TRT2) or 60 (TRT3) ppm of added Mn from a Mn-amino acid complex (Availa-Mn; Zinpro Corporation) instead of Mn sulfate. Dietary treatment began at estrus synchronization onset and continued through 12 days post estrus (dpe) of the ensuing estrous cycle. Blood samples were collected at estrus onset, which was assigned as 0 dpe, as well as 4, 8, and 12 dpe. Gilts were euthanized and tissues were collected at 12 dpe. Serum progesterone (P4) increased (P < 0.01) from 0 to 12 dpe but was unaffected by dietary treatment (P = 0.15) and there was no effect of the interaction between day and treatment (P = 0.85). Luteal Mn content increased (P ≤ 0.05) by 19, 21 and 24% in gilts fed TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively, compared to CON. Luteal P4 concentrations decreased (P = 0.03) 25, 26, and 32% in gilts fed TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively, compared to CON. Relative to CON gilts, CL calcium content decreased (P = 0.02) by 36, 24 and 34% for TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3 gilts, respectively. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that feeding a more bioavailable Mn source increases Mn accumulation in CL tissue. If and how this influences CL function may be related to altered luteal P4 concentrations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the molecular response of corpora lutea to manganese–amino acid complex supplementation in gilts

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M Studer ◽  
Zoe E Kiefer ◽  
Brady M Goetz ◽  
Aileen F Keating ◽  
Lance H Baumgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Mn Content

Abstract Porcine pregnancy establishment and maintenance are dependent on the formation of functional corpora lutea (CL). Manganese (Mn) is critical for CL function as it is a cofactor for Mn superoxide dismutase and enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Previously, we have shown that luteal Mn content increased and luteal progesterone (P4) concentration decreased in the CL of gilts fed diets supplemented with an Mn–amino acid complex (Availa-Mn; Zinpro Corporation) compared with controls fed Mn sulfate. Importantly, serum P4 increased from 0 (estrus onset) to 12 d post estrus (dpe), as expected, but P4 abundance in circulation was not affected by dietary Mn source (P = 0.15). We hypothesized that a more bioavailable Mn source (which results in increased luteal Mn content) would alter the luteal proteome and abundance of mRNA associated with steroid biogenesis during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Postpubertal gilts (n = 32) were assigned to one of the four gestation diets. The control diet (CON) contained 20 ppm of supplemental Mn in the form of Mn sulfate. Three additional diets included 20 (TRT1), 40 (TRT2), or 60 (TRT3) ppm of supplemental Mn in the form of a Mn–amino acid complex instead of Mn sulfate. Dietary treatment began at estrus synchronization (approximately 20 d before estrus) and continued through 12 dpe when gilts were euthanized and tissues were collected. Protein and total RNA extracts from the CL were used for proteomic analysis via label-free liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to assess global protein abundance and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess specific mRNA abundance, respectively. Compared with CON, 188, 382, and 401 proteins were differentially abundant (P < 0.10) in TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment software revealed that proteins involved in P4 signaling and cholesterol synthesis were downregulated in CL of gilts fed Mn–amino acid complex compared with controls. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that relative transcript abundance of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1 and StAR) in CL tissue was decreased in gilts from TRT2 compared with CON (P = 0.02), but TRT1 and TRT3 were not affected (P ≥ 0.30). Collectively, these data support our hypothesis that a more bioavailable dietary Mn source may influence luteal function by altering the abundance of protein and mRNA involved in steroidogenesis.

scholarly journals 29 Influence of dietary manganese source on the corpus luteum proteome in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Jamie M Studer ◽  
Zoe Kiefer ◽  
Aileen F Keating ◽  
Lance H Baumgard ◽  
Kristin M Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Mn Content

Abstract Functional corpora lutea (CL) are required for pregnancy establishment and gestational maintenance in swine. Manganese (Mn) could be critical in regulating CL function since it is a cofactor for the enzyme Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) as well as enzymes involved in progesterone (P4) synthesis. We hypothesized a more bioavailable dietary Mn source would increase CL Mn content thereby influencing luteal function during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Post-pubertal gilts (n = 32) were assigned to one of four gestation diets. The control diet (CON) met or exceeded NRC requirements and was formulated to contain 20 ppm added Mn in the form of Mn sulfate. Three additional diets included 20 (TRT1), 40 (TRT2) or 60 (TRT3) ppm Mn from a Mn-amino acid complex (Availa-Mn; Zinpro Corporation) in place of Mn sulfate. Dietary treatment began at estrus synchronization onset and continued through D12 of the ensuing estrous cycle when gilts were euthanized. Mn content increased (P ≤ 0.06) 19, 21 and 24% in CLs of gilts fed TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively, and luteal P4 concentration decreased (P ≤ 0.03) 25, 26, and 32% in gilts fed TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively, compared to CON. Total CL protein was extracted and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to assess global protein abundance. Compared to CON, 29, 105, and 118 proteins were differentially abundant (P < 0.01) in TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis revealed proteins involved in P4 signaling (membrane-associated P4 receptor component 2) and cholesterol synthesis and transport (mevalonate kinase, diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase, low density lipoprotein receptor) were downregulated in response to Availa-Mn. Collectively, these data support the posit that dietary Mn source affects Mn accumulation and P4 concentration in CL tissue and influences protein abundance which may affect CL function.

scholarly journals Effects of increasing copper from either copper sulfate or combinations of copper sulfate and a copper–amino acid complex on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics1,2

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey B Carpenter ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 1,089 pigs (PIC 280 × 1050; initially 37.3 ± 2.8 kg) were used to determine the effects of increasing Cu provided from either CuSO4 alone or a 50:50 blend of CuSO4 and a Copper–amino acid complex (Cu-AA) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Pens of pigs were blocked by body weight; within blocks, pens were randomly allotted to one of six dietary treatments. The six dietary treatments consisted of a control diet which contained 17 mg/kg Cu from CuSO4 from the trace mineral premix, or the control diet with either added CuSO4 to provide 70 and 130 mg/kg total Cu or a 50:50 blend of Cu from CuSO4 and Cu-AA (CuSO4/Cu-AA blend) to provide 70, 100, and 130 mg/kg total Cu. Experimental diets were corn–soybean meal-dried distillers grains with solubles-based and fed in meal form in five phases (approximately 37 to 46, 46 to 63, 63 to 77, 77 to 103, and 103 to 129 kg body weight). From d 0 to 43, neither Cu source nor level influenced growth performance. From d 43 to 105, average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased (P = 0.037) for pigs fed the CuSO4/Cu-AA blend compared to those fed added Cu from CuSO4 alone. Gain:feed ratio (G:F) tended to be improved (linear, P = 0.056) as Cu concentration increased. Overall, d 0 to 105, neither Cu level nor source influenced average daily gain (ADG). Pigs fed 70 or 130 mg/kg total added Cu from the CuSO4/Cu-AA blend had lower (P = 0.045) ADFI but G:F tended to be improved (P = 0.051) compared with those fed the same amount of total Cu from only CuSO4. Owing to the decreased ADFI and improved G:F of pigs fed the CuSO4/Cu-AA blend, carcass G:F also improved (P = 0.033) compared with those fed added Cu from CuSO4 alone. In conclusion, providing a 50:50 blend of CuSO4 and Cu-AA improved G:F on both a live and carcass weight basis compared to CuSO4 alone with no differences in ADG or carcass ADG observed.

Potential of Vitamin E and Zinc-Amino Acid Complex for the Reduction of Cellulitis in Broilers

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
K. M. Downs ◽  
R. A. Norton ◽  
K. S. Macklin ◽  
J. B. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Complex

The effects of D- and L-threo-chloramphenicol on the early development of the chick embryo

Development ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
F. S. Billett ◽  
Rosalba Collini ◽  
Louie Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Inhibit Protein Synthesis ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Bacterial Systems

In many bacterial systems chloramphenicol has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis (Hahn & Wisseman, 1951; Gale & Folkes, 1953). The precise mechanism of this inhibition is not clear, although the evidence suggests that the interaction of the soluble RNA-amino acid complex with the ribosomes is prevented because the attachment of the messenger RNA to the ribosomes is itself impaired (Lacks & Gros, 1959; Nathans & Lipman, 1961; Jardetsky & Julian, 1964; Julian & Jardetsky, 1964). In contrast to its effect on bacterial systems, chloramphenicol has been reported to have little or no action on the protein synthesis by cell-free extracts of mammalian cells (Rendi, 1959; Ehrenstein & Lipmann, 1961). A basis for this resistance has been proposed by Vazquez (1964), who finds that whereas bacterial ribosomes bind chloramphenicol, ribosomes from other organisms do not. Nevertheless, it cannot be stated with any confidence that chloramphenicol has no effect on the protein synthesis of animal cells.

scholarly journals 145 Effects of titrated levels of water soluble zinc amino acid complex on growth performance of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Pornpim Aparachita ◽  
Scott Carter ◽  
Afton Sawyer ◽  
Jared Harshman ◽  
Zach Rambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Soluble Zinc

Abstract Previously, we reported that supplementing a water soluble zinc via drinking water (0 to 80 mg/L) to nursery pigs improved ADG and G:F. To evaluate the efficacy of higher titrated levels of this water soluble zinc amino acid complex (ProPath®Zn LQ, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) on growth performance, 280 crossbred pigs (5.5 kg BW; 19 d of age) were randomly allotted to four water treatments (7 pens/treatment; 10 pigs/pen). The water treatments were 0, 40, 80 and 160 mg Zn/L of water. Pigs were fed in 4 dietary phases with complex, nutrient-dense, corn-soybean meal-based diets: Phase 1 and 2 (2,500 and 1,750 mg Zn as ZnO/kg; d 1–7 and 7–14, respectively) and Phase 3 and 4 (200 mg Cu as CuSO4/kg; d 14–23 and 23–42, respectively). Pigs and feeders were weighed weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Water meters were used to record and calculate water disappearance and zinc intake. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and curvilinear effects. Water and total zinc intake increased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing water zinc concentration. From d 0–14 when high dietary zinc was fed, there were no differences (P > 0.10) in ADG, ADFI, or G:F. However, from d 14–42 when basal levels of zinc were fed, quadratic improvements in ADG (0.545, 0.561, 0.578, 0.546 kg; P < 0.05) and G:F (0.686, 0.706, 0.723, 0.702; P < 0.01) were observed with increasing zinc via water. Similarly for d 0–42, ADG (0.435, 0.440, 0.454; 0.434 kg; P = 0.07), G:F (0.726, 0.740, 0.763, 0.749; P = 0.05) and average ending wt (23.73, 23.97, 24.55, 23.70 kg; P = 0.07) improved quadratically with increasing zinc. In conclusion, supplementing ProPath®Zn LQ via water resulted in improvements in ADG and G:F for nursery pigs.

scholarly journals 291 Influence of feeding amino acid complexes of zinc and copper on growth performance and carcass response of finishing steers fed ractopamine hydrochloride

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
Chanda Engel ◽  
Gary Tibbetts ◽  
Mark Branine
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Complex ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Eden Prairie

Abstract A 42-d research study evaluated effects of feeding beef steers increasing levels of dietary Zn from Zn methionine (AAC-Zn; ZINPRO, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) with or without supplemental Cu from Cu amino acid complex (AAC-Cu; Availa Cu, Zinpro Corp.) concurrently with ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC; Optaflexx, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN). One hundred-twenty steers (mean BW = 624 kg), ≤ 50 d from projected harvest were randomized to three pens (40 steers/pen) equipped with GrowSafe Systems (Calgary AB, Canada) feed bunk technology. Each pen was assigned to one of three treatment diets: 1) basal finishing diet + 30 mg Zn/kg DM from AAC-Zn (CON); 2) basal finishing diet + 90 mg Zn/kg DM from AAC-Zn (AAC-Zn90); or 3) AAC-Zn90 diet + 10 mg Cu/kg DM from AAC-Cu (AAC-Zn/Cu). Following allocation to treatments, cattle were acclimated to pen cohorts and GrowSafe feed bunks for 7 days. All steers were fed 300 mg RAC∙hd-1∙d-1 starting 35 d prior to harvest. Individual feed intake measurements began with RAC feeding and continued for 35 d until cattle were shipped for harvest. Carcass data were collected from each steer. Data were analyzed with individual animal as the experimental unit using PROC MIXED and PROC GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Numerically AAC-Zn90 fed cattle had heavier carcass weights than CON and AAC-Zn/Cu. Steers fed AAC-Zn90 had greater (P = 0.02) marbling scores compared to AAC-Zn/Cu. Steers fed AAC-Zn90 had lower backfat thickness (P = 0.02) and numerically greater marbling scores compared to CON. A biphasic program of feeding a lower level of AAC-Zn for the duration of the finishing phase followed by an increased rate of AAC-Zn during RAC feeding may optimize overall live and carcass response and improve total individual animal value.

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