144 The Epidemiology of Hoof-related Lameness in Western Canadian Feedlot Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Sarah E Erickson ◽  
Murray Jelinski ◽  
Karen S Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
Calvin Booker ◽  
Eugene Janzen
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Model ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract The epidemiology of hoof-related lameness (HRL) in western Canadian feedlots, with a focus on digital dermatitis (DD), was described and analyzed to help inform recommendations on lameness control and prevention in western Canadian feedlot cattle. The retrospective data in this study were accessed from 28 western Canadian feedlots that placed cattle in 2014–2018, inclusive. The total population for this study was 1,796,176 cattle, with an annual placement average of 12,830 cattle per feedlot. These data were accessed through iFHMS Consolidated Database, provided by Feedlot Health Management Services by TELUS Agriculture, and manipulated using Microsoft® Office Access 365 ProPlus and Microsoft® Office Excel 365 ProPlus. Epidemiological analyses determined that lameness accounts for 25.7% of all treatments in western Canadian feedlots. Of those treatments, 71.7% are localized to the hoof, corresponding to 18.6% of all treatments. The most common HRL diseases are infectious bovine pododermatitis [foot rot (FR)]; digital dermatitis (DD), also known as hairy-heel wart or strawberry foot rot; and toe-tip necrosis syndrome (TTNS). These diseases account for 89.6%, 7.9% and 2.4% of HRL, respectively. Between 2014 and 2018, HRL prevalence ranged between 1.93% and 3.09% of the population, with FR consistently having the highest prevalence and TTNS the lowest. HRL and DD were tested for their associations with several animal-level risk factors using © Ausvet 2021 Epitools software. The resultant crude, univariate odds ratio values, evaluated at 95% confidence, are summarized in Table 1. Based on this analysis, acquisition source has the largest influence on the odds of developing HRL and DD, followed by population size, and placement quarter. Using SAS® (Version 9.4, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina) statistical software, these preliminary findings will be subjected to a multivariate statistical model, which will provide adjusted OR values and statistical significance for the data in this study.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Digital Dermatitis, Footrot and Bovine Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Cortes ◽  
S Hendrick ◽  
E Janzen ◽  
E A Pajor ◽  
K Orsel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Partial Budget

Abstract Digital dermatitis has emerged in North American feedlots, although production and economic impacts are not fully understood. Objectives of this study were to: 1) estimate economic impact of a single case of digital dermatitis (DD), foot rot (FR) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot cattle; and 2) determine its impact on average daily gain (ADG). Feedlot cattle health and production records were available from 2 feedlots for a 3-year interval. The dataset consisted of 77,115 animal records, with 19.3% (14,900) diagnosed with a disease. Diseased animals were categorized in 5 groups: DD, FR, BRD, other diseases (OT) and 2 or more diseases (TM), with a treatment cumulative incidence of 6.0, 59.1, 10.7, 12.7 and 11.5%, respectively. Foot rot was the disease with the highest cumulative incidence in both heifers and steers (58.8 and 59.6%, respectively). Of all fall placed cattle diagnosed with any disease, 48.1% of cases were FR. Digital dermatitis affected the partial budget in 5 out of the 8 groups of cattle, with the highest impact of DD seen in grass yearling heifers (GYH) and grass yearling steers (GYS): $-98 and $-96 CAD, respectively relative to their healthier counterparts. Healthy cattle had a significantly higher ADG compared to DD cattle in 5 of 8 categories, ranging from 0.11 kg/d in winter placed heifers to 0.17 kg/d in fall placed steers. In the economic analysis it was concluded that on an individual animal basis BRD was the most impactful of all analyzed diseases, where DD was second, marking the importance of controlling and mitigating this foot condition. Identifying differential effects of diseases on a partial budget analysis and ADG of the types of cattle stratified by sex, enables feedlot producers to focus control and mitigation strategies on specific groups.

scholarly journals Identification and Prevention of Antiepileptic Drug Noncompliance: The Collaborative Use of State-Supplied Pharmaceutical Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Hodges ◽  
Janet Treadwell ◽  
Amy D. Malphrus ◽  
Xuan G. Tran ◽  
Angelo P. Giardino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Secondary Diagnosis ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epileptic Patients

Background. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) noncompliance is associated with increased risk of seizures and morbidity in seizure disorder patients. Objective. To identify risk factors that correlated to higher levels of morbidity, measured by emergency room (ER) utilization by seizure disorder members taking AED. Methods. Patients with primary or secondary diagnosis of seizures, convulsions, and/or epilepsy and prescribed AEDs during an 11-month period were included in the study. Variables were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis including logistic regression. Results. The study identified 201 members. No statistical significance (NS) between age, gender, number of tablets, type of drug, or other risk factors was associated with increased mortality. Statistical significance resulted with medication compliance review of 0–14 days, 15–60 days, and 61+ days between refills. 68% of patients with ER visit had noncompliance refill between 0 and 14 days compared to 52% of patients in non-ER group (P=0.04). Contrastingly, 15% of ER group had refills within 15–60 days compared with 33% of non-ER group (P=0.01). There was NS difference between two groups when noncompliance was greater than 60 days (P=0.66). Conclusions. The study suggests that careful monitoring of pharmaceutical refill information could be used to identify AED noncompliance in epileptic patients.

scholarly journals Economic impacts of lameness in feedlot cattle1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Davis-Unger ◽  
E. A. Pajor ◽  
K. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
S. Marti ◽  
C. Dorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Infection ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Healthy Cattle

Abstract Lameness is an important health issue in feedlot cattle; however, there is a paucity of information regarding its economic impact. Decision tree models are excellent tools for assessing costs of disease such as the net return (net return = benefit – cost). Models were developed using expert opinion, literature and retrospective feedlot data provided by Vet-Agri Health Services (VAHS, Airdrie, Alberta, Canada) collected from 2005 to 2015 on individually treated cattle (n = 30,940) from 28 feedlots. The objective was to estimate net return of various lameness diagnoses and impacts of cattle type, season of treatment, and extreme high and low cattle prices. Cattle were diagnosed as lame according to the following categories: foot rot, foot rot in heavy cattle (BW > 363 kg at treatment), injury, lame with no visible swelling, and joint infection. Records consisted of arrival and treatment weight, cost of treatment, and cattle deaths. Records included cattle types classified as: fall calves (heifer and steer), winter calves (heifer and steer) and yearling cattle (heifer and steer). Lastly, variables ADG, days on feed (DOF), and Season (spring, summer, fall, and winter) were created. Models estimated net return using cattle slaughter prices for healthy cattle that reached a slaughter weight of 635 kg and for three possible outcomes for each diagnosis after final treatment: cattle that recovered after treatment and reached a slaughter weight of 635 kg; cattle that were removed before they reached slaughter weight; or cattle that died. Compared to undiagnosed cattle with 1.36 kg/d ADG, cattle diagnosed with foot rot and foot rot heavy cattle had the highest ADG until first treatment (1.14 and 1.57 kg/d, respectively) and differed significantly (P < 0.05) compared to cattle diagnosed with injuries (0.87 kg/d), lame with no visible swelling (0.64 kg/d), and joint infections (0.53 kg/d). Yearling steers had the most positive returns compared to all other cattle types. Cattle with lighter arrival weight had lower ADG and increased economic losses after treatment compared to heavier weighted cattle on arrival. Based on average slaughter prices over a 10-yr period for healthy cattle, return was $690. Return after final treatment for cattle with foot rot was $568, foot rot in heavy cattle was $695, and injury was $259. However, joint infections and lame with no visible swelling had negative returns of –$286 and –$701, respectively.

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