PSVI-24 Effects of early-life exposure to topsoil on the muscle fiber characteristics and gene expression of weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 386-386
Author(s):  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Tsung-Cheng Cheng Tsai ◽  
Shilei Zhang ◽  
Jiangchao Zhao ◽  
Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Soil Groups

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of early exposure to topsoil on the muscle fiber characteristics and transcription-related myogenesis, intramuscular fat metabolism, muscle fiber types, and mTOR signaling pathway of weaned pigs. A Total of 180 piglets were separately assigned to the No soil, Antibacterial soil, and Normal soil group (each group, n = 60), and were fed ad libitum with common antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal diets until day-31. Ten pigs from each group with similar body weight were selected to be slaughtered, and the Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples were collected for histological analysis and measurements of genes and protein expression levels. In the present study, the muscle fiber diameter and the area of the Normal soil and Antibacterial soil group were significantly higher than the No soil group (P < 0.05). The Normal soil significantly upregulated the gene expression of MyoG compared to No soil and Antibacterial soil groups (P < 0.05). The gene expression of CD36 and CPT-1 of the Normal soil group was significantly lower than the No soil group (P < 0.05), while HSL expression of the Normal soil group was significantly higher than the Antibacterial and No soil groups (P < 0.05). The MyHC I of the Normal soil group was significantly higher than the No soil group (P < 0.05), but the expression MyHC IIa was lower than the No soil group (P < 0.05). The protein expression expressed a similar result with gene expression. In addition, the Normal soil significantly increased the AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation compared to No soil and Antibacterial soil groups (P < 0.05). These data suggest that early exposure to topsoil regulates muscle fiber growth, modulates the expression pattern related to myogenesis, muscle fiber type, intramuscular fat metabolism, and increases the phosphorylation of mTOR and AMPK pathways.

scholarly journals Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Topsoil on the Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Gene Expression of Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Tsung Cheng Tsai ◽  
Palika Morse ◽  
Shilei Zhang ◽  
Charles Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Soil Groups

Abstract Background: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of early exposure to topsoil on the muscle fiber characteristics and transcription related myogenesis, intramuscular fat metabolism, muscle fiber types, and mTOR signaling pathway of weaned pigs.Methods: A Total of 180 piglets were separately assigned to No soil, Antibacterial soil, and Normal soil group (each group, n=60), and were fed ad libitum with common antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal diets until day-31. Ten pigs from each group with similar body weight were selected to be slaughtered, and the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples were collected for histological analysis and measurements of genes and proteins expression levels.Result: In the present study, the muscle fiber diameter and the area of Normal soil and Antibacterial soil group were significantly higher than No soil group (P < 0.05). The Normal soil significantly upregulated the gene expression of MyoG compared to No soil and Antibacterial soil groups (P < 0.05). The gene expression of CD36 and CPT-1 of Normal soil group was significantly lower than No soil group (P < 0.05), while HSL expression of Normal soil group was significantly higher than Antibacterial and No soil groups (P < 0.05). The MyHC I of Normal soil group was significantly higher than No soil group (P < 0.05), but the expression MyHC IIa was lower than No soil group (P < 0.05). The protein expression expressed the similar result with gene expression. In addition, the Normal soil significantly increased the AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation compared to No soil and Antibacterial soil groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion: These data suggest that early exposure to topsoil regulates the muscle fiber growth, modulates the expression pattern related to myogenesis, muscle fiber type, intramuscular fat metabolism, and increases the phosphorylation of mTOR and AMPK pathways.

scholarly journals Effects of early-life exposure to topsoil on the muscle fiber characteristics and gene expression of weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Tsung Cheng Tsai ◽  
Palika Morse ◽  
Shilei Zhang ◽  
Charles Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Soil Groups

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of early exposure to topsoil on the muscle fiber characteristics and transcription related myogenesis, intramuscular fat metabolism, muscle fiber types, and mTOR signaling pathway of weaned pigs. A Total of 180 piglets were separately assigned to No soil, Antibacterial soil, and Normal soil group (each group, n=60), and were fed ad libitum with common antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal diets until day-31. Ten pigs from each group with similar body weight were selected to be slaughtered, and the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples were collected for histological analysis and measurements of genes and proteins expression levels. In the present study, the muscle fiber diameter and the area of Normal soil and Antibacterial soil group were significantly higher than No soil group (P < 0.05). The Normal soil significantly upregulated the gene expression of MyoG compared to No soil and Antibacterial soil groups (P < 0.05). The gene expression of CD36 and CPT-1 of Normal soil group was significantly lower than No soil group (P < 0.05), while HSL expression of Normal soil group was significantly higher than Antibacterial and No soil groups (P < 0.05). The MyHC I of Normal soil group was significantly higher than No soil group (P < 0.05), but the expression MyHC IIa was lower than No soil group (P < 0.05). The protein expression expressed the similar result with gene expression. In addition, the Normal soil significantly increased the AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation compared to No soil and Antibacterial soil groups (P < 0.05). These data suggest that early exposure to topsoil regulates the muscle fiber growth, modulates the expression pattern related to myogenesis, muscle fiber type, intramuscular fat metabolism, and increases the phosphorylation of mTOR and AMPK pathways.

scholarly journals Properties of skeletal muscle in the teleost Sternopygus macrurus are unaffected by short-term electrical inactivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Güth ◽  
Alexander Chaidez ◽  
Manoj P. Samanta ◽  
Graciela A. Unguez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Spinal Transection ◽  
Fiber Size

Skeletal muscle is distinguished from other tissues on the basis of its shape, biochemistry, and physiological function. Based on mammalian studies, fiber size, fiber types, and gene expression profiles are regulated, in part, by the electrical activity exerted by the nervous system. To address whether similar adaptations to changes in electrical activity in skeletal muscle occur in teleosts, we studied these phenotypic properties of ventral muscle in the electric fish Sternopygus macrurus following 2 and 5 days of electrical inactivation by spinal transection. Our data show that morphological and biochemical properties of skeletal muscle remained largely unchanged after these treatments. Specifically, the distribution of type I and type II muscle fibers and the cross-sectional areas of these fiber types observed in control fish remained unaltered after each spinal transection survival period. This response to electrical inactivation was generally reflected at the transcript level in real-time PCR and RNA-seq data by showing little effect on the transcript levels of genes associated with muscle fiber type differentiation and plasticity, the sarcomere complex, and pathways implicated in the regulation of muscle fiber size. Data from this first study characterizing the acute influence of neural activity on muscle mass and sarcomere gene expression in a teleost are discussed in the context of comparative studies in mammalian model systems and vertebrate species from different lineages.

scholarly journals Dietary Regulation of Fat Oxidative Gene Expression in Different Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. McAinch ◽  
Jong-Sam Lee ◽  
Clinton R. Bruce ◽  
Rebecca J. Tunstall ◽  
John A. Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Dietary Regulation

Phosphate uptake and PiT-1 protein expression in rat skeletal muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. C73-C78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk A. Abraham ◽  
Jeffrey J. Brault ◽  
Ronald L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Total Phosphate ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
White Gastrocnemius

Skeletal muscle fiber types differ in their contents of total phosphate, which includes inorganic phosphate (Pi) and high-energy organic pools of ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr). At steady state, uptake of Pi into the cell must equal the rate of efflux, which is expected to be a function of intracellular Pi concentration. We measured 32P-labeled Pi uptake rates in different muscle fiber types to determine whether they are proportional to cellular Pi content. Pi uptake rates in isolated, perfused rat hindlimb muscles were linear over time and highest in soleus (2.42 ± 0.17 μmol·g−1·h−1), lower in red gastrocnemius (1.31 ± 0.11 μmol·g−1·h−1), and lowest in white gastrocnemius (0.49 ± 0.06 μmol·g−1·h−1). Reasonably similar rates were obtained in vivo. Pi uptake rates at plasma Pi concentrations of 0.3–1.7 mM confirm that the Pi uptake process is nearly saturated at normal plasma Pi levels. Pi uptake rate correlated with cellular Pi content ( r = 0.99) but varied inversely with total phosphate content. Sodium-phosphate cotransporter (PiT-1) protein expression in soleus and red gastrocnemius were similar to each other and seven- to eightfold greater than PiT-1 expression in white gastrocnemius. That the PiT-1 expression pattern did not match the pattern of Pi uptake across fiber types implies that other factors are involved in regulating Pi uptake in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, fractional turnover of the cellular Pi pool (0.67, 0.57, and 0.33 h−1 in soleus, red gastrocnemius, and white gastrocnemius, respectively) varies among fiber types, indicating differential management of intracellular Pi, likely due to differences in resistance to Pi efflux from the fiber.

scholarly journals UCP3 protein expression is lower in type I, IIa and IIx muscle fiber types of endurance-trained compared to untrained subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 445 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Russell ◽  
G. Wadley ◽  
M. Hesselink ◽  
G. Schaart ◽  
S. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types

scholarly journals Targeted over-expression of PPARγ in pig skeletal muscle improves oxidative fiber formation and intramuscular fat deposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Gu ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Jinzeng Yang ◽  
Jianan Li ◽  
Yaxin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Fiber Formation ◽  
Muscle Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Transgenic Pigs ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Over Expression

AbstractPPARγ is a master regulator of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. To understand its roles in fat deposition and fiber formation in skeletal muscle, we successfully generated muscle-specific overexpression of PPARγ by pig cloning procedures. The content of intramuscular fat was significantly increased in PPARγ transgenic pigs while the muscle mass as lean percentage of body weight was not changed. The proteomics analysis demonstrated oxidative metabolism of fatty acids and respiratory chain were increased in PPARγ pigs. Furthermore, expressions of oxidative muscle fiber-related genes such as MyHC1 and TNNT1 were enhanced. CAMK2, MEF2 and PGC1α were also significantly increased in skeletal muscle of PPARγ pigs, indicating that Ca2+-sensitive phosphatases and kinases may play an important role in the switch of muscle fiber types when PPARγ activity is elevated in skeletal muscle. The results support skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of PPARγ can promote oxidative fiber formation and intramuscular fat deposition in pigs.

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