scholarly journals 105 Altering the time of vaccination against respiratory pathogens enhanced antibody response and health of feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Thiago Schumaher ◽  
Osvaldo Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cattle Health

Abstract Angus × Hereford calves (n = 159; 87 heifers and 72 steers) were ranked by sex, body weight (BW), and age, and assigned to 1 of 3 vaccination schemes against the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex: 1) vaccination at weaning (d 0) and booster at feedyard entry (d 30; CON, n = 53), 2) vaccination 15 d before weaning (d -15) and booster 15 d before feedyard entry (d 15; EARLY, n = 53), and 3) vaccination 15 d after weaning (d 15) and booster 15 d after feedyard entry (d 45; DELAYED, n = 53). Calves were maintained on pasture from d -15 to 30, transported (d 30) for 480 km to a commercial growing yard, and moved (d 180) to an adjacent finishing lot where they remained until slaughter (d 306). Calves were assessed for BRD signs daily from d 0 to 306 according to the DART system. Blood samples were collected and BW recorded on d -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 180. Hot carcass weight was recorded upon slaughter, and carcass quality assessed after a 24-h chill. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.49) for BW gain and carcass traits (P ≥ 0.32). Incidence of BRD (d 0 to 306) was lessened (P < 0.01) in EARLY vs. CON and DELAYED, and similar (P = 0.17) between CON and DELAYED. Treatment × day interactions were detected (P ≤ 0.02) for serum antibody titers against bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, parainfluenza3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, which were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in EARLY vs. CON and DELAYED upon feedyard entry. Hence, anticipating initial and booster vaccination against respiratory pathogens to provide both doses prior to shipping appears to be a valid strategy to enhance cattle health responses and mitigate BRD in feedyards.

scholarly journals A Field Study Evaluating Humoral Immunity in Calves Vaccinated with Multivalent Bovine Respiratory Pathogen Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
A. C. Berge ◽  
T. Jozan ◽  
C. Levesque ◽  
G. Vertenten
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), Bovine Parainfluenza 3 (BPI3) and Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) are major respiratory pathogens in the bovine respiratory disease complex. It is important to optimize passive and active immunity to these pathogens early in life to reduce clinical and subclinical productivity losses. The administration of inactivated, adjuvanted and multivalent vaccines, such as Bovilis® Bovipast RSP (Bovipast), and Bovalto® Respi 3 (Bovalto) to calves, may enhance cellular and humoral immunity against BRSV, BPI3 and Mh. A field trial evaluated the immune responses to these three agents in the first year of life in 12 Bovipast and 13 Bovalto vaccinated calves, and 5 negative control calves. Calves were vaccinated starting at 2 weeks of age and revaccinated 4 weeks later (primo vaccination). A booster vaccination was given at approximately 10 months of age. Serum samples were taken at time intervals up to 6 months after primo vaccination and up to 1 month after the booster vaccination. BRSV serum titres were evaluated using a serum neutralisation assay (SN), and BRSV, BPI3 and Mh titres were evaluated using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Serum antibodies after primo and booster vaccinations in the individual calves were evaluated by calculating the areas under the curve (AUC) of the Log2 transformed BRSV SN titres and the optic density measures of the ELISA tests for BRSV, BPI3 and Mh. Multivariate general linear models were used to evaluate the influence of the vaccination on the AUC of the serum measures within 6 months after the primo vaccination. Similarly, models evaluated the AUC of the serum measures after the booster vaccination. The Bovipast vaccinated calves had significantly higher SN and ELISA titres AUC following the primo vaccination and booster vaccinations compared to the negative control calves and the Bovalto vaccinated calves. The Bovalto vaccinated calves did not have a significantly different BRSV SN and ELISA titres AUC response after the primo or booster vaccinations compared to the negative control calves. The serum antibody responses to BPI3 and Mh in the vaccinated calves were less pronounced than the Bovipast BRSV antibody response. Bovipast and Boval- to vaccinated calves mounted a significantly higher AUC ELISA OD for both BPI3 and Mh and the highest AUC was measured in the Bovipast vaccinated calves. This study indicated that early vaccinations of calves with multivalent adjuvanted inactivated BRD vaccines, such as Bovilis® Bovipast RSP can elicit a humoral response with a cellular-mediated memory effect as indicated by the booster vaccination.

scholarly journals Fatal Calf Pneumonia Outbreaks in Italian Dairy Herds Involving Mycoplasma bovis and Other Agents of BRD Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Fanelli ◽  
Margie Cirilli ◽  
Maria Stella Lucente ◽  
Aya Attia Koraney Zarea ◽  
Domenico Buonavoglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Mycoplasma bovis is increasingly recognized worldwide as an important cause of disease with major welfare and production impairments on cattle rearing. Although it was detected in veal calves and beef cattle, little is known on the infection impact and on its temporal morbidity pattern in Italian dairy herds. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of M. bovis on fatal calf pneumonia outbreaks that occurred during 2009–2019 in 64 Italian dairy farms. Furthermore, a deeper diagnostic workup of concurrent infection with other viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens was assessed. Out of the investigated fatal pneumonia cases, M. bovis was frequently detected (animal prevalence, 16.16%; 95%CI, 11.82–21.33; herd prevalence, 26.56; 95%CI, 16.29–39.08) either as the single agent of the disease in more than half of the positive samples (20/37) or in concurrent infections with Histophilus somni (9/37, 24.3%), Mannheimia haemolytica (6/37, 16.621%), Trueperella pyogenes (1/37, 2.70%), Pasteurella multocida (1/37, 2.70%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (5/37, 13.51%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (2/37, 5.55%). Based on time-series analysis, M. bovis was recorded in the area since 2009 with outbreaks displaying a clear morbidity seasonal pattern with peaks in April (43.21%) and in September (13.51%). This might be due to the stressing conditions during spring and late summer periods. Results of this study highlight that M. bovis infection warrants consideration, and control measures are needed given its involvement in lethal pneumonia outbreaks in dairy herds from an extended area.

scholarly journals Live Respiratory Syncytial Virus Attenuated by M2-2 Deletion and Stabilized Temperature Sensitivity Mutation 1030s Is a Promising Vaccine Candidate in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J McFarland ◽  
Ruth A Karron ◽  
Petronella Muresan ◽  
Coleen K Cunningham ◽  
Jennifer Libous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background The safety and immunogenicity of live respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) candidate vaccine, LID/ΔM2-2/1030s, with deletion of RSV ribonucleic acid synthesis regulatory protein M2-2 and genetically stabilized temperature-sensitivity mutation 1030s in the RSV polymerase protein was evaluated in RSV-seronegative children. Methods Respiratory syncytial virus-seronegative children ages 6–24 months received 1 intranasal dose of 105 plaque-forming units (PFU) of LID/ΔM2-2/1030s (n = 21) or placebo (n = 11). The RSV serum antibodies, vaccine shedding, and reactogenicity were assessed. During the following RSV season, medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) and pre- and postsurveillance serum antibody titers were monitored. Results Eighty-five percent of vaccinees shed LID/ΔM2-2/1030s vaccine (median peak nasal wash titers: 3.1 log10 PFU/mL by immunoplaque assay; 5.1 log10 copies/mL by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and had ≥4-fold rise in serum-neutralizing antibodies. Respiratory symptoms and fever were common (60% vaccinees and 27% placebo recipients). One vaccinee had grade 2 wheezing with rhinovirus but without concurrent LID/ΔM2-2/1030s shedding. Five of 19 vaccinees had ≥4-fold increases in antibody titers postsurveillance without RSV-MAARI, indicating anamnestic responses without significant illness after infection with community-acquired RSV. Conclusions LID/ΔM2-2/1030s had excellent infectivity without evidence of genetic instability, induced durable immunity, and primed for anamnestic antibody responses, making it an attractive candidate for further evaluation.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Efficacy of a Killed Salmonella pullorum Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Shamima Akter ◽  
Sukumar Saha ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Md Golzar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Poultry Vaccine

This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of a formalin-killed alum-precipitated Salmonella pullorum vaccine prepared by the Livestock and Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Centre (LPVRPC), BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Immunization with this vaccine induced serum antibody titers that peaked in 2-week following both primary and booster vaccination (P<0.05), and started to decline following 4-week of both vaccinations. Both primary and booster vaccination induced detectable antibody responses that were able to react with whole cells S. pullorum as determined by passive haemagglutination test (PHA). Both vaccinated chicken and mice showed maximal resistance following challenge with a virulent isolate of S. pullorum (P<0.01). In differential leukocyte counts in mice, a significant increase of lymphocytes was observed after primary immunization (P<0.01). Sera from vaccinated chickens conferred superior protection over naive chickens from lethal challenge with S. pullorum (P<0.01). Finally, this result indicates that S. pullorum vaccine is effective for controlling pullorum disease and antibody is crucial for protection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v1i1.13707 Microbes and Health Vol.1(1) June 2012 pp.14-18

scholarly journals Longitudinal Prevalence of Antibodies to Endemic Pathogens in Bulk Tank Milk Samples From Dairy Herds Engaged or Not in Contract Heifer Rearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire McCarthy ◽  
Luke O'Grady ◽  
Connor G. McAloon ◽  
John F. Mee
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Since the abolition of EU milk production quotas in 2015, Europe's dairy industries have undergone a period of rapid expansion with possible resultant increased inter-herd transmission of endemic pathogens. The aims of this study were (1) to establish the post-2015 prevalence of antibodies to selected endemic infectious diseases and (2) to determine if prevalences differed between herds where heifers were reared at home and those where heifers were sent out for contract-rearing. Three bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were collected annually between May and August of 2018–20 inclusively from 120 Irish dairy herds. Additionally, herd vaccination status was collected by questionnaire. Milk samples were tested using commercially available ELISAs for eight pathogens: bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Mycoplasma bovis, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), Salmonella Dublin (S. Dublin), Leptospira Hardjo (L. Hardjo), and Neospora caninum (N. caninum). The true prevalence of each pathogen was calculated using a Rogan-Gladen estimator. The true prevalences (95% CI) of BTM antibodies in unvaccinated herds across the 3 years were as follows (i) BVDV: 57, 86, and 73% (95% CI: 40.7–65.9, 74–94, and 58–85) (n = 56, 56, and 48), (ii) BoHv-1: 47, 49, and 19% (95% CI: 26.3–69.7, 25–75, and 1–56) (n = 21, 20, and 11), (iii) L. Hardjo: 34, 59, and 73% (95% CI: 12.5–63, 33–82, and 33–99) (n = 15, 21, and 10), (iv) S. Dublin 32, 57, and 11% (95% CI: 12.21–68.1, 30.2–90.1, and 0) (n = 19, 22, and 13), (v) BRSV: 100% (95% CI: 99.5–100, 100, and 100) (n = 120, 109, and 91), (vi) MAP: 0% (95% CI: 0, 0, and 0) (n = 120, 109, and 91) (vii) N. caninum 0% (95% CI: 0, 0, and 0) (n = 120, 109, and 91) and (viii) M. bovis (ELISA) 53, 0.42, and 30% (95% CI: 3.95–6.84, 0, and 21–41) (n = 120, 109, and 91). M. bovis was detected by PCR in 0, 1, and 0% of herds in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. This study showed that expanding Irish dairy herds are endemically infected with several of the studied pathogens. No differences in herd prevalence of infectious agents were observed between farms with different heifer rearing strategies (contract-rearing vs. traditional rearing).

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus-neutralizing serum antibody titers in infants following palivizumab prophylaxis with an abbreviated dosing regimen

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0176152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Claydon ◽  
Amitava Sur ◽  
Allison Callejas ◽  
Mihoko Ladd ◽  
Eddie Kwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Dosing Regimen ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Update on viral pathogenesis in BRD

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Viral Pathogenesis ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

AbstractMany viruses, including bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenzavirus-3 (PI3), bovine coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine reovirus, have been etiologically associated with respiratory disease in cattle. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of BHV-1 and BRSV, two very different agents that primarily cause disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract, respectively.

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