scholarly journals A Field Study Evaluating Humoral Immunity in Calves Vaccinated with Multivalent Bovine Respiratory Pathogen Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
A. C. Berge ◽  
T. Jozan ◽  
C. Levesque ◽  
G. Vertenten
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), Bovine Parainfluenza 3 (BPI3) and Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) are major respiratory pathogens in the bovine respiratory disease complex. It is important to optimize passive and active immunity to these pathogens early in life to reduce clinical and subclinical productivity losses. The administration of inactivated, adjuvanted and multivalent vaccines, such as Bovilis® Bovipast RSP (Bovipast), and Bovalto® Respi 3 (Bovalto) to calves, may enhance cellular and humoral immunity against BRSV, BPI3 and Mh. A field trial evaluated the immune responses to these three agents in the first year of life in 12 Bovipast and 13 Bovalto vaccinated calves, and 5 negative control calves. Calves were vaccinated starting at 2 weeks of age and revaccinated 4 weeks later (primo vaccination). A booster vaccination was given at approximately 10 months of age. Serum samples were taken at time intervals up to 6 months after primo vaccination and up to 1 month after the booster vaccination. BRSV serum titres were evaluated using a serum neutralisation assay (SN), and BRSV, BPI3 and Mh titres were evaluated using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Serum antibodies after primo and booster vaccinations in the individual calves were evaluated by calculating the areas under the curve (AUC) of the Log2 transformed BRSV SN titres and the optic density measures of the ELISA tests for BRSV, BPI3 and Mh. Multivariate general linear models were used to evaluate the influence of the vaccination on the AUC of the serum measures within 6 months after the primo vaccination. Similarly, models evaluated the AUC of the serum measures after the booster vaccination. The Bovipast vaccinated calves had significantly higher SN and ELISA titres AUC following the primo vaccination and booster vaccinations compared to the negative control calves and the Bovalto vaccinated calves. The Bovalto vaccinated calves did not have a significantly different BRSV SN and ELISA titres AUC response after the primo or booster vaccinations compared to the negative control calves. The serum antibody responses to BPI3 and Mh in the vaccinated calves were less pronounced than the Bovipast BRSV antibody response. Bovipast and Boval- to vaccinated calves mounted a significantly higher AUC ELISA OD for both BPI3 and Mh and the highest AUC was measured in the Bovipast vaccinated calves. This study indicated that early vaccinations of calves with multivalent adjuvanted inactivated BRD vaccines, such as Bovilis® Bovipast RSP can elicit a humoral response with a cellular-mediated memory effect as indicated by the booster vaccination.

scholarly journals 105 Altering the time of vaccination against respiratory pathogens enhanced antibody response and health of feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Thiago Schumaher ◽  
Osvaldo Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cattle Health

Abstract Angus × Hereford calves (n = 159; 87 heifers and 72 steers) were ranked by sex, body weight (BW), and age, and assigned to 1 of 3 vaccination schemes against the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex: 1) vaccination at weaning (d 0) and booster at feedyard entry (d 30; CON, n = 53), 2) vaccination 15 d before weaning (d -15) and booster 15 d before feedyard entry (d 15; EARLY, n = 53), and 3) vaccination 15 d after weaning (d 15) and booster 15 d after feedyard entry (d 45; DELAYED, n = 53). Calves were maintained on pasture from d -15 to 30, transported (d 30) for 480 km to a commercial growing yard, and moved (d 180) to an adjacent finishing lot where they remained until slaughter (d 306). Calves were assessed for BRD signs daily from d 0 to 306 according to the DART system. Blood samples were collected and BW recorded on d -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 180. Hot carcass weight was recorded upon slaughter, and carcass quality assessed after a 24-h chill. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.49) for BW gain and carcass traits (P ≥ 0.32). Incidence of BRD (d 0 to 306) was lessened (P < 0.01) in EARLY vs. CON and DELAYED, and similar (P = 0.17) between CON and DELAYED. Treatment × day interactions were detected (P ≤ 0.02) for serum antibody titers against bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, parainfluenza3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, which were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in EARLY vs. CON and DELAYED upon feedyard entry. Hence, anticipating initial and booster vaccination against respiratory pathogens to provide both doses prior to shipping appears to be a valid strategy to enhance cattle health responses and mitigate BRD in feedyards.

scholarly journals Immunization status of Iranian military recruits against Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough)

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Izadi ◽  
Shahla Afsharpaiman ◽  
Nematollah Jonaidi Jafari ◽  
Reza Ranjbar ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Gooya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Military Recruits

Introduction: Military recruits are susceptible to respiratory pathogens because of increased antibiotic resistance and the lack of an effective vaccine. The goal of the current study was to determine the immunological status of the Bordetella pertussis among conscripts in Iranian military garrisons. Methodology: The study population consisted of 424 conscripts aged 18 to 21 years who enrolled for military service. They were selected using cluster stratified sampling from all military garrisons in Tehra, Iran. To determine the seroprevalence of infection, blood specimens from all recruits were collected and stored at - 20°C until assayed. All serum samples were screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Bordetella pertussis toxin (PT) and by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The overall prevalence of B. pertussis seropositivity in military recruits was 60.6. Only 55.0% of the recruits had low awareness about the record of vaccination against B. pertussis during childhood. Among 424 studied individuals, 48 recruits (11.3%) had a positive history of whooping cough; prevalence of seropositivity in these recruits was 70.0%. Among these subjects, 61.7% were referred to a physician for treatment and only 39.6% of them were administered anti-pertussis therapy. Conclusions: Our study showed that military conscripts in Tehran garrisons were not serologically immune to pertussis and also confirmed the low awareness about vaccination and medical history related to pertussis infection in this high-risk subgroup of the Iranian population. Routine acellular booster vaccination, particularly before 18 years of age, is recommended.

scholarly journals Enzootic bovine Leukosis: development of an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-Elisa) in seroepidemiological studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Teresa González ◽  
Estela Beatriz Bonzo ◽  
María Gabriela Echeverría ◽  
María Licursi ◽  
María Elisa Etcheverrigaray
Keyword(s):  
Core Protein ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis ◽  
Bovine Leukosis

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiologic agent of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, a retrovirus exogenous to the bovine species. Once infected, there is no detectable viraemia but instead there is a strong and persistent immunological response to BLV structural proteins, essentially the gp51 envelope glycoprotein and the mayor core protein p24. We describe the test procedure of an indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) using polyclonal reagents for the detection of antibodies to BLV. For comparison, the sera were simultaneously tested by agar gel immunodiffussion (AGID) test, which is currently used as diagnostic standard for BLV infection. The antigen applied does not require a high degree of purification and the data from the analysis of the negative sera showed that the establishment of a cut-off level corresponding to 3 times the standard deviation (SD) above the mean for the negative control set of sera provided acceptable specificity, reducing the risk of false positives results. A comparison of the results obtained by AGID test and I-ELISA showed that considering a total of 465 serum samples, all of the 234 samples (50%) that were positive by AGID were positive to the I-ELISA. Of 225 serum samples which yielded negative results in the AGID test, 69 (15%) were found to be positive by the I-ELISA and 156 (33%) were negative by both techniques. Few sera (2%) that were non-specific by AGID were defined as negative or positive by I-ELISA.

Serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses: A prospective three-year follow-up from birth

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 904-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Harsten ◽  
K. Prellner ◽  
B. Löfgren ◽  
J. Heldrup ◽  
O. Kalm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Children Development ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractAcute otitis media (AOM) has been epidemiologically related to viral respiratory tract infections, and viral antigens have also been detected in middle ear secretion in some AOM episodes. Successive serum samples from children followed prospectively for three years from birth were analysed for IgG antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses and influenza A virus.Values from serum antibody activity gradually decreased during the first six months of life, followed by a gradual increase. Various relationships were found to obtain between age and the increases of antibody activity against the different viruses. Thus, three quarters of those tested had manifested increased antibody activity against RSV by 18 months of age, and against adenoviruses by 30 months of age. No increase of antibody activity against influenza A was noted before 12 months of age, and then only seen in two thirds of those tested during the entire three-year observation period. With regard to age, however, the proportion of children with increased antibody activity to RSV, adenoviruses or influenza A virus did not differ between otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children. Thus, as compared to non-otitis-prone children, development of the ability to produce antibodies against these viruses was not found to be delayed in otitis-prone children.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in cattle in the Nineveh Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1865
Author(s):  
Khder Jassiem Hussain ◽  
Maab Ibrahim Al-Farwachi ◽  
Sadam Dhahir Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background and Aim: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the main causes of severe pneumonia, interstitial edema, and emphysema in cattle. The current study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of BRSV in cattle in the Nineveh Province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Between September 2017 and September 2018, 450 serum samples were collected from non-vaccinated cattle of different ages and breeds for BRSV testing. The epidemiological information of the animals was recorded. The prevalence of the disease was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The prevalence of BRSV was 83.11%, and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cattle aged greater than 7 months-1.5 years than in older animals; in imported cattle than in Native animals; and in animals originating from large herds (100 animals) than in those from smaller herds (40 animals). There was no significant difference between BRSV prevalence in male and female animals. When samples from different regions of the Nineveh Governorate were compared, the northern region was associated with the highest prevalence of the disease. Samples harvested in the winter displayed the highest BRSV titer, compared to those collected during the other seasons. Conclusion: BRSV is prevalent in cattle from the Nineveh Governorate. Risk factors such as animal age, origin, herd size, and the herd's geographical location are associated with an increased prevalence of the disease in this region. Routine vaccination programs should be adopted to reduce the prevalence of BRSV.

scholarly journals A Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measuring the Levels of Serum Antibody to Haemophilus influenzae Type b

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Mariani ◽  
Enrico Luzzi ◽  
Daniela Proietti ◽  
Silvia Mancianti ◽  
Daniele Casini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type B ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Serum Samples

ABSTRACT A competitive ELISA method is described for the measurement of total antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide ofHaemophilus influenzae type b (HibCPS) in human sera. The competitive method showed an excellent correlation to the radioantigen binding assay (RABA, or Farr assay) and improved correlation of sera with low titers with respect to the more conventional noncompetitive method. Overestimation of samples in the low concentration range was no longer observed with the competitive ELISA method. The free HibCPS competition allowed us to eliminate the day-to-day background variation typical of some sera; thus, only values representing the true anti-HibCPS response were determined. The use of precoated microplates, which could be stored up to 8 months, greatly improved the speed of the procedure. An overall correlation coefficient of 0.9660 was found when 407 serum samples with a wide variety of anti-HibCPS antibody levels were tested with the competitive ELISA and RABA. The regression line was very close to the ideal line, with a slope of 1.0045 and an intercept of −0.1996. A subset of 96 serum samples representative of all pre- and postimmunization samples was used to compare the competitive ELISA with a previously described ELISA method. The competitive method performed in two laboratories in different countries showed a better correlation with the RABA. The correlation factors were 0.9770 and 0.9816, respectively, while a factor of 0.9547 was found with the previously described noncompetitive procedure, which was better for this method than previously reported (r = 0.917). Therefore, the competitive ELISA is proposed for the assay of anti-HibCPS titers in sera from vaccinated subjects.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Serological Reactivity of Individuals with Clinical History of Malaria using Two Different ELISA Tests

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Yorleydy Ruiz Moreno ◽  
Silvia Tavares Donato ◽  
Fátima Nogueira ◽  
Marcelo Sousa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical History ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Serological Reactivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Antigenic Reactivity

Early diagnosis of malaria reduces disease, prevents deaths, and contributes to decreased malaria transmission. The use of specific and sensitive antigens in the execution of serological diagnostics may have an impact on the transmission of the disease. However, many individuals cannot be easily diagnosed by serological tests due to low levels of antibodies in the serum. Using two different Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests (a commercial and an in-house ELISA), a total of 365 serum samples from individuals with a clinical history of malaria were analyzed. From the serum samples analyzed, 192 (53%) samples from the commercial ELISA and 219 (60%) samples from the in-house ELISA presented positive serological reactivity to malaria. The concordance of the samples tested (n = 365) between both ELISAs was of 67% (n = 242), and with the negative control was 100% (n = 17). We demonstrated that the in-house ELISA showed high antigenic reactivity to Plasmodium falciparum antigens when compared with the commercial ELISA. The degree of concordance of both ELISAs suggested the possibility of existence of other P. falciparum antigens present in the crude extract of P. falciparum that are important in the serological response during malaria infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Application of an Indirect ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Milk, Bulk Milk, and Serum

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elvander ◽  
S. Edwards ◽  
IS. Näslund ◽  
N. Linde
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
National Veterinary Institute ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Syncytial Virus

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed at the National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Uppsala, to detect antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in serum and milk. For the evaluation of the NVI ELISA, field sera collected from cattle in England and Sweden were tested in parallel with an ELISA in use at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Weybridge. The tests showed 96% agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of the NVI ELISA relative to the CVL ELISA were 94% and 100%, respectively. There was evidence that the difference in sensitivity between the 2 tests was due to the detection of both IgG and IgM class antibodies by the CVL ELISA, whereas the NVI ELISA was designed specifically to detect IgGl. Milk and serum samples from individual cows were tested by the NVI ELISA for presence of antibodies to BRSV. There was a good correlation between the ability to detect antibodies in serum and the ability to detect them in milk, although the antibody titer was generally lower in milk than in serum. Bulk milk samples were collected from farms with severe clinical symptoms of respiratory distress and from farms with no history of respiratory disease. There was a clear distinction between antibody levels in diseased and healthy herds. The NVI ELISA is a rapid and reliable test for detecting antibodies to BRSV in milk, bulk milk, and serum samples.

scholarly journals Decreased Serum Antibody Responses to RecombinantPneumocystisAntigens in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Current Smokers

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Crothers ◽  
Kieran R. Daly ◽  
David Rimland ◽  
Matthew Bidwell Goetz ◽  
Cynthia L. Gibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTSerologic studies can provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission ofPneumocystis jirovecii. Exposure toP. jiroveciican be assessed by serum antibody responses to recombinant antigens from the major surface glycoprotein (MsgC), although factors that influence the magnitude of the antibody response are incompletely understood. We determined the magnitudes of antibody responses toP. jiroveciiin comparison to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in HIV-infected and uninfected patients and identified predictors associated with the magnitude of the response. We performed a cross-sectional analysis using serum samples and data from 153 HIV-positive and 92 HIV-negative subjects enrolled in a feasibility study of the Veterans Aging Cohort 5 Site Study (VACS 5). Antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Independent predictors of antibody responses were determined using multivariate Tobit regression models. The results showed that serum antibody responses toP. jiroveciiMsgC fragments were significantly and independently decreased in current smokers. Antibodies toP. jiroveciialso tended to be lower with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hazardous alcohol use, injection drug use, and HIV infection, although these results were not statistically significant. These results were specific toP. jiroveciiand did not correlate with adenovirus. Antibody responses to RSV were in the inverse direction. Thus, current smoking was independently associated with decreasedP. jiroveciiantibody responses. Whether smoking exerts an immunosuppressive effect that affects theP. jiroveciiantibody response, colonization, or subsequent risk for disease is unclear; prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate these findings further.

Serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses in episodes of acute otitis media

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Harsten ◽  
Karin Prellner ◽  
Bengt Löfgren ◽  
Olof Kalm
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractAlthough the findings of epidemiological studies have suggested viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) to be crucially involved in the development of acute otitis media (AOM), the relationship between AOM and viral RTI remains unclear. Serum samples, obtained in the acute and convalescent phases of 57 AOM episodes (in 35 children during the first three years of life) were analysed for IgG antibodies against influenza A viruses, influenza B viruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, respiratory syncytial virus and adenoviruses.One third of the AOM episodes (18/57) could be related to viral RTI, as evidenced by significant increases in viral serum antibody activity. Treatment failure occurred in four AOM episodes where increases in serum viral antibody activity were noted. In three of these failures, antibiotic treatment was unsuccessful despite the bacterial strains not being resistant to the drug used. This suggests that concomitant viral infection may be a determinant of treatment outcome in some AOM episodes.

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