scholarly journals 11 Use of pressure mat gait analysis in measuring pain following normal parturition in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Michael Kleinhenz ◽  
Patrick Gorden ◽  
Michael Burchard ◽  
Joshua Ydstie ◽  
Johann Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Force Measurement System

Abstract Research investigating the pain of normal parturition is lacking as there are few objective methods for measuring pain. The objective of this research was to describe the gait of cows following eutocia using pressure-mat gait analysis; and determine if meloxicam alters the gait of cows. Twenty Holstein cows within 26 h of unassisted calving were enrolled into the study. Treatment groups included: 1) post-partum cows administered meloxicam (MEL; n = 10); and 2) post-partum cows administered placebo (PLBO; n = 10). Meloxicam was administered by oral bolus at 1 mg/kg within 26 hours of calving. Placebo cows were given an oral bolus of dry whey powder within 26 hours of calving. A commercially available floor mat-based pressure/force measurement system was used to compare ambulation between treatment groups. Cows were walked across the mat before treatment administration, and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs post-treatment. The percent of total force, percent total contact pressure, and percent total impulse of the rear limbs was calculated. Outcome measures were statistically analyzed using repeated measures, with the cow serving as the experimental unit. Cows in the MEL group placed 48.9% (95% CI: 47.4 – 50.5%) of total force on the rear limbs compared to 46.3% (95% CI: 44.7 – 47.9%) in PLBO cows (P = 0.02). Total impulse on their rear limbs for the MEL cows was 50.5% (95% CI: 48.6 – 52.4%) compared to 46.7% (95% CI: 44.8 – 48.7%) for the PLBO cows (P = 0.01). No differences in contact pressure of the rear limbs was observed (P = 0.27). The PLBO cows had a longer gait 101.3 cm (95% CI: 95.9 – 106.6 cm) versus 90.8 cm (95% CI: 85.4 – 96.1 cm) (P = 0.03). These findings show meloxicam treated cows have altered weight distribution to the rear limbs as measured by pressure mat gait analysis, suggesting meloxicam may effectively treat post-partum pain.

scholarly journals An fMRI-compatible force measurement system for the evaluation of the neural correlates of step initiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cristina de Lima-Pardini ◽  
Raymundo Machado de Azevedo Neto ◽  
Daniel Boari Coelho ◽  
Catarina Costa Boffino ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Step Initiation ◽  
Force Measurement System

scholarly journals PSVIII-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Administration of an appeasing substance at castration improves performance of pre-conditioned beef crossbred steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Bruno I Cappellozza ◽  
Marcos Renato Burim ◽  
André Velasco ◽  
Fernando Sagrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Alternatives that alleviate stress-related responses and improve performance of the beef cattle herd are imperative and deserve further investigation. In previous trials, administration of the bovine appeasing substance (BAS) has improved performance of newly-weaned and feedlot received beef animals, as well as reduced the risk of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) cuts in carcass obtained from Bos indicus cattle. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of BAS administration at castration on pre-conditioning performance of crossbred beef animals. On day 0, 390 crossbred Angus × Nellore animals were ranked by initial shrunk BW (255 ± 21.1 kg) and assigned to receive or not (CON) 5 mL/head of BAS (SecureCattle; Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil) immediately before castration. From d 0 to 30, animals within treatments were maintained in 2 feedot pens with a minimum distance (300 m) to avoid contact between treatment groups and received a grass hay-based diet (70:30 roughage:concentrate ratio) ad libitum. On day 30, animals were individually weighed following 16 hours of feed and water restriction. Hence, a descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate pen dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (FE). Animal was considered the experimental unit and all data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Bovine appeasing substance administration at castration improved ADG and BW change (P < 0.0001) compared with CON cohorts (0.983 vs. 1.155 kg/d and 29.5 vs. 34.6 kg for ADG and BW change, respectively). Total DMI was similar among treatments when reported as kg/d (6.70 vs. 6.75 kg) or % of BW (2.48 vs. 2.48%), whereas FE was dramatically improved in BAS-administered animals (146 vs. 172 g/kg for CON and BAS, respectively). In summary, BAS administration improved performance of crossbred beef animals for 30 days post-castration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a novel threonine source for nursery pig diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Humphrey ◽  
Spenser Becker ◽  
Jason Lee ◽  
Keith Haydon ◽  
Laura Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nursery Pigs

Abstract Four hundred and eighty (PIC 337 X 1050, PIC Genus, Hendersonville, TN) pigs were used to evaluate a novel threonine source (ThrPro, CJ America Bio, Fort Dodge, IA) for nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg body weight (BW). After weaning, pigs were sorted by sex and fed a common diet for 1 wk. Upon completion of the first week, pigs were sorted into randomized complete blocks, equalized by weight, within 16 replications. Pigs were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: positive control (POS)—standard ileal digestible threonine-to-lysine ratio (SID; Thr:Lys) 0.60, negative control (NEG)—SID Thr:Lys ≤0.46, and alternative Thr source (TEST)—SID Thr:Lys 0.60. The alternative Thr source included fermentative biomass and was assumed to contain 75% Thr and a digestibility coefficient of 100% based on the manufacturer’s specifications. All other nutrients met or exceeded the NRC recommendations. Growth and intake data were analyzed as repeated measures with a compound symmetry covariance structure using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit. Treatment, phase, the interaction between treatment and phase, and block were included as fixed effects in the model. Differences in total removals were tested using Fisher’s Exact Test of PROC FREQ. Results were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and considered a trend at P > 0.05 and P ≤ 0.10. During the first 14 d, pigs fed TEST had decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; 0.77 vs. 0.80, P = 0.022) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.77 vs. 0.73, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. Over days 14–28, pigs fed TEST had similar G:F (0.71 vs. 0.70, P = 0.112) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.71 vs. 0.63, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. Overall (days 0–28), pigs fed TEST had similar average daily gain (ADG; 0.47 vs. 0.47 kg/d, P = 0.982) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.74, P = 0.395) compared to POS and increased ADG (0.47 vs. 0.43 kg/d, P < 0.001) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.67, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. The average daily feed intake was not significantly different across treatments for the entirety of the study. In conclusion, the replacement of crystalline L-Thr with a novel Thr source resulted in similar growth performance in nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg.

scholarly journals 191 Effects of injectable vitamin C at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance and immune function of beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
Aubree M Beenken ◽  
Erin L Deters ◽  
Colten W Dornbach ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Plasma Ascorbate ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Ninety-one early-weaned (65 ± 11 d) Angus steers (92 ± 4 kg) were blocked by age to a 2 × 2 factorial examining effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) at weaning and/or prior to transport to the feedlot on antibody titers and growth performance. Injections (20 mL/steer) of VC (250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL) or saline (SAL) were given at time of weaning on d 0 (WEAN) and/or prior to a 6 hr trucking event to a feedlot on d 49 (TRANS). Steers were given booster vaccinations on d 0. Steers were weighed on d 0, 1, 14, 48, 49, 64, 106, and 107. Blood was collected (12 steers/treatment) on d 0, 1, 2, 14, 49 (pre- and post-transit), 50, and 51. Data were analyzed via Proc-Mixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; n = 22–23/treatment) with fixed effects of block, WEAN, TRANS, and WEAN × TRANS. Plasma ascorbate concentrations for weaning (d 0, 1, and 2) and transit (d 49-pre-trucking, 49-post-trucking, 50, and 51) were analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 1 and 2 for steers that received VC at weaning (VC = 19.6, SAL = 8.8 ± 1.26 µM; WEAN × day P < 0.01). Similarly, ascorbate concentrations were greater on d 49 post-trucking, 50, and 51 for steers that received VC pre-transit (TRANS × day P = 0.01). Treatments did not affect bodyweight or average daily gain throughout the trial (P > 0.32). There were no effects of treatment on serum Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 2 antibody titers on d 14 or 51 (P > 0.33). An injection of VC administered to early weaned beef steers at weaning or pre-transit increases plasma ascorbate concentrations but does not improve growth performance or antibody response to vaccination booster.

Design and Development on Piezoelectric Ceramic Type Insole 3D Force Measurement System Based on LabVIEW

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Ye Min Guo ◽  
Lan Mei Wang ◽  
Rui Yong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Piezoelectric Ceramic ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Lab View ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Force Measurement System

According to the requirements of measurement of plantar pressure and shear stress in the meantime, this thesis puts forward a plan to construct a new insole plantar pressure and shear stress system based on multifunction data acquisition modular and Lab VIEW. Then the hardware part and software part are designed and developed respectively. There are 3 sensors are arrayed at each measurement point, that means 3 sensors are assembled in 3 different directions of X,Y and Z . The piezoelectric ceramic type sensors are designed, manufactured and calibrated according to scientific methods. Meanwhile, the DAQ card is selected carefully. Of course, the software part is developed based on Lab VIEW. A series of tests are performed in order to validate the function of the measurement system. The results satisfy the anticipated design requirements. At last, the problems and application trend of the measurement system are predicted.

305 Methane Emissions and Apparent Total Tract Nutrient Digestibility of Feedlot Beef Steers Under Intensive Management with or Without an Added Nutritional Packet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Kaue T Tonelli Nardi ◽  
Igor Gomes Fávero ◽  
Kaliu G Scaranto Silva ◽  
Kymberly D Coello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ch4 Production

Abstract The effects of a nutritional packet were evaluated on CH4 emissions and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of feedlot beef steers. Thirty Angus-crossbred steers (BW = 542 ± 8.4 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design and allocated into pens equipped with SmartFeed (C-Lock; 15 steers/treatment). Steers were consuming a steam-flaked corn-based diet (88% concentrate DM basis) ad libitum for the last 65 d on feed, and received the following treatments: 1) control and 2) a nutritional packet [0.29% DM basis; live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 8.7 Log CFU/g); Vitamin C (5.4 g/kg); Vitamin B1 (13.33 g/kg); NaCl (80 g/kg); KCl (80 g/kg)]. Methane emissions and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility were measured during 3 periods with 5-d of collections each. Gas emissions from steers were measured utilizing the SF6 tracer technique. Feed and fecal samples were collected once and twice (0700 h and 1600 h) daily, respectively, to determine digestibility of nutrients using iNDF as an internal marker. Steer was considered the experimental unit. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effects of treatment, period, and their interaction, and the random effect of block. No treatment × period interactions (P ≥ 0.125) were observed for DMI and any of the CH4 production variables (g/day, g/kg BW0.75, g/nutrient intake, and g/nutrient digested). Moreover, treatments did not affect digestibility of DM, OM, or ADF (P ≥ 0.300); however, digestibility of NDF was increased for treated cattle (P = 0.013), which resulted in a tendency (P = 0.098) to decrease CH4 production in g per kg NDF intake and decreased (P = 0.020) grams CH4 per kg NDF digested. The nutritional packet may be altering ruminal fermentation on intensively managed steers and improving fiber digestibility, which can have benefits on CH4 emission intensity.

Force Measurement and Analysis for Magnetic Field–Assisted Finishing

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasishta Ganguly ◽  
Tony Schmitz ◽  
Arthur Graziano ◽  
Hitomi Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Iron Particle ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Polishing Force ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

Magnetic field–assisted finishing (MAF) is used to polish free-form surfaces. The material removal mechanism can be described as a flexible “magnetic brush” that consists of ferromagnetic particles and abrasives that arrange themselves in the working gap between the magnet and the workpiece. Relative motion between the brush and the workpiece causes microcutting and improves surface finish. In this study, the contributions of the magnetic and polishing force components to the total force were evaluated. The effect of varying the polishing conditions, such as the working gap and the size of the ferromagnetic iron particles, on polishing forces, surface roughness, and material removal rate was also analyzed. It was observed that the polishing forces varied considerably with working gap. Also, the iron particle size was found to have a strong relation to the rate at which the surface roughness improved. Surface roughness values of 2–3 nm were achieved.

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