scholarly journals 43 Effect of Mushroom Probiotic (Coriolus Versicolor) on Galectin Gene Secretion in Goat Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Kingsley E Ekwemalor ◽  
Emmanuel K Asiamah ◽  
Sarah Adjei-Fremah ◽  
Eboghoye ElukaOkoludoh ◽  
Mulumebet Worku
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Coriolus Versicolor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract Galectins (GAL) constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that are secreted. They are involved in the regulation of homeostasis, innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious challenge. The mushroom Coriolus versicolor (CV) has been reported to boost suppressed immune function, extending the survival rate and improving quality of life in man. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mushroom probiotics on the secretion of Galectins in goat blood. Ten BoerXSpanish female goats (5 weeks of age) were used for this study. Powdered CV was soaked in cold water and sterile filtered. Following initial screening for infection, goats were assigned to two groups of five (n = 10). Goats were drenched daily with 10 mL cold (treatment I) extract for 4 weeks. A control group of five age-matched goats received sterile water (treatment II). Blood samples were collected on a weekly basis. The concentration plasma protein was determined by using Pierce BCA kit (Thermo Scientific Pierce, Rockford, IL). Galectins-1, -3, -8, -9 and -12 concentration was detected by using a commercial ELISA kits (ABclonal Biotechnology, Woburn, MA). There was an effect of treatment in total plasma protein concentration when compared to the control group (P < 0.02). Galectins tested were secreted in both control and treatment groups. Treatment with CV decreased the concentration of Gal-1, 8 and 9 and increased the concentration of Gal-3 and -12 (P < 0.05). Results from this study indicate that mushroom probiotics can modulate the secretion of GAL.

Effects of hypoproteinemia-induced myocardial edema on left ventricular function

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. H937-H944 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Miyamoto ◽  
D. E. McClure ◽  
E. R. Schertel ◽  
P. J. Andrews ◽  
G. A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Myocardial Edema ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

In previous studies, we observed left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction in association with interstitial myocardial edema (IME) induced by either coronary venous hypertension (CVH) or lymphatic obstruction. In the present study, we examined the effects of myocardial edema induced by acute hypoproteinemia (HP) on LV systolic and diastolic function. We also combined the methods of HP and CVH (HP-CVH) to determine their combined effects on LV function and myocardial water content (MWC). We used a cell-saving device to lower plasma protein concentration in HP and HP-CVH groups. CVH was induced by inflating the balloon in the coronary sinus. Six control dogs were treated to sham HP. Conductance and micromanometer catheters were used to assess LV function. Contractility, as measured by preload recruitable stroke work, did not change in control or HP groups but declined significantly (14.5%) in the HP-CVH group. The time constant of isovolumic LV pressure decline (τ) increased significantly from baseline by 3 h in the HP (24.8%) and HP-CVH (27.1%) groups. The end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (stiffness) also increased significantly from baseline by 3 h in the HP (78.6%) and HP-CVH (42.6%) groups. Total plasma protein concentration decreased from 5.2 ± 0.2 g/dl at baseline to 2.5 ± 0.0 g/dl by 3 h in the HP and HP-CVH groups. MWC of the HP (79.8 ± 0.25%) and HP-CVH groups (79.8 ±0.2%) were significantly greater than that of the control group (77.8 ± 0.3%) but not different from one another. In conclusion, hypoproteinemia-induced myocardial edema was associated with diastolic LV dysfunction but not systolic dysfunction. The edema caused by hypoproteinemia was more than twice that produced by our previous models, yet it was not associated with systolic dysfunction. CVH had a negative inotropic effect and no significant influence on MWC. IME may not have the inverse causal relationship with LV contractility that has been previously postulated but appears to have a direct causal association with diastolic stiffness as has been previously demonstrated.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Gum Arabica in Goat Blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Yaser M Ahmed ◽  
Hamid Ismail ◽  
Djaafar M Rehrah ◽  
Mulumebet Worku
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Abstract Gastrointestinal nematodes and other pathogens pose a major problem for goat production by reducing animal performance and welfare. Plants such as Acacia Senegal are useful as dietary sources for natural prophylaxis. Gum Arabica (GA) from A. Sengal has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties that need to be explored in goats. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible immunomodulatory effect of a water extract of GA in goat blood. Clinically healthy Boer and Spanish goats from the NCA&T Small ruminant unit were used. Goats were assigned randomly to two groups of ten (n = 20). Goats of one group were drenched daily with 10 mL of GA (treatment I) extract for 6 weeks. The second (control) group of goats received sterile water (treatment II). Blood was collected from the jugular vein in tubes containing acid-citrate-dextrose anticoagulant. Plasma was separated and the concentration of total protein was determined using Pierce BCA kit (Thermo Scientific Pierce, Rockford, IL). The white blood cell differential count was assessed on Wrights smeared stains. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM in SAS 9.4 (P < 0.05). Treatment with GA modulated total plasma protein concentration and the differential white blood cell counts. Treatment increased total plasma protein concentration and % lymphocytes, it decreased % neutrophils. Immunomodulation by GA may be advantageous in promoting health and wellness in goats. Further studies on the mechanism of action are warranted.

Ephedra increases VO2, impairs thermoregulation and cardiovascular function, but does not enhance exercise performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Norton ◽  
R.A. Lehnhard ◽  
C.F. Kearns ◽  
K.H. McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Ma Huang ◽  
Run Time

The dietary supplement ephedra is a potent sympathomimetic that was banned by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2003 because of its deleterious effects on cardiovascular function and thermoregulation during exercise. Unfortunately, extracts of ephedra can still be obtained via the internet and are in use worldwide. The horse is the only athletic species other than humans that sweats to thermoregulate and it controls cardiovascular function in a similar fashion. The purpose of this study was to use the horse to examine the acute effects of ephedra (Ma Huang) to investigate on markers of performance as well as effects on cardiovascular function and thermoregulation during acute exercise. Six Standardbred mares (~450 kg; 6-12 years of age) were used in a crossover design consisting of a ephedra (Ma Huang containing 8% ephedra alkaloid) and control (applesauce) group. All horses performed an incremental graded exercise test (GXT) at a 6% fixed grade to measure oxygen uptake (VO2), run time, velocity at VO2max, maximal velocity, recovery time, haematocrit, total plasma protein concentration, heart rate, right ventricular pressure (RVP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), rectal temperature and recovery. Measurements were recorded at rest, during exercise and post 2 and 5 min recovery. There was a difference (P<0.05) in pre-exercise haematocrit but not in any other haematocrit or plasma protein sampling intervals. VO2 was greater (P<0.05) for the ephedra group before exercise, at each step of the GXT, at VO2max, and during recovery compared to the control group. Recovery time was significantly different, but run time was not (P≯0.05). Heart rate was elevated (P<0.05) at 2 and 5 min recovery in horses administered ephedra. Significant differences were observed for RVP and PAP and rectal temperature during recovery. Recovery score (sweating response, respiration rate, behaviour) was altered (P<0.05) by ephedra administration. These data suggests an increase in energy expenditure and thermogenesis when horses consume ephedra. However, markers of performance (run time, velocity at VO2max, and maximal velocity completed) were not altered by ephedra administration.

PSIX-13 Activation of cell signaling pathways by galectins in cow blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 267-267
Author(s):  
Djaafar M Rehrah ◽  
Mulumebet Worku ◽  
Hamid Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibody Array ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Abstract Galectins are part of a conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that contribute to critical biological events during mammalian gestation and increasingly recognized for a possible role in the immune response of the cow. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Galectins on signal transduction and cell activation in cow blood. Whole blood was collected aseptically from the jugular vein of healthy Holstein Friesian dairy cows (N=3). Blood samples (2.5ml) in duplicate were treated with 150µl of the four different type of recombinant galectins (1, 3, 4, and 9) respectively and untreated samples were served as control. The concentration of total plasma protein was determined using the Pierce BCA kit. Protein expression profiling was performed using1,358 antibodies on the Full Moon BioSystems’ Signaling Explorer antibody array covering 20 cell signaling pathways, as recommended by the manufacturer using an Agilent microarray scanner. Data normalization was performed using GeneSpring GX software to generate fold changes in gene expression and then filtered to obtain a list of significantly upregulated and downregulated genes. Features were extracted from protein array images of samples treated with Galectin 1, 3, 4, 9, and untreated sample as a control group. Treatment with all four Galectins increased the concentration of total plasma protein. Average increases due to treatment with Gal1, Gal3, Gal4, and Gal9 were 27%, 10%, 20%, and 14% respectively. ANOVA test showed significance difference among the groups (p &lt; 0.05). Dunnett option was used to compare each of the treated samples to the control group as a baseline. The results also showed that there was significant difference between the control group and any of the treated group (p &lt; 0.05). Distinct signaling pathways are activated in response to Galectin exposure. Further studies are needed to define their regulation and functional impact on cow health.

VITAMIN A TRANSPORT IN THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Veen ◽  
G. H. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Vitamin A Transport

Rats deficient in vitamin A and maintained on diets containing 0, 4, or 20% protein (casein) were repleted orally with 0, 10, 40, 80, or 160 μg vitamin A alcohol per day for 7 days. Plasma vitamin A rose with increasing amounts of administered vitamin A until a plateau was reached (at the dose level of 10 μg in the 0% protein group, and the dose level of 40 μg in the other groups), suggesting that plasma saturation with vitamin A had occurred. This was supported by an increase in the deposition of the vitamin in the liver at the dose level of 40 μg vitamin A. The actual level of plasma vitamin A attained at plasma saturation varied directly with the amount of dietary protein fed and, consequently, with plasma protein concentration, but was limited by food restriction in a control group fed a diet containing 20% protein to a level well below that obtained by a control group fed ad libitum with the same diet.Plasma vitamin A was shown to be statistically related to plasma albumin at all levels of administration of the vitamin, and to α1-globulin after plasma saturation with vitamin A had occurred.The data indicate the existence of a plasma protein carrier for vitamin A. The participation of an albumin subfraction in the transport mechanism is discussed.

scholarly journals THE MAINTENANCE OF A NORMAL PLASMA PROTEIN CONCENTRATION IN SPITE OF REPEATED PROTEIN LOSS BY BLEEDING

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Barnett ◽  
R. B. Jones ◽  
R. B. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Protein Level

1. Experiments on five dogs are described consisting in the daily removal of blood plasma in amount from 25 to 100 cc. the red cells being returned to the circulation in Locke's solution. In no case was there a significant drop in plasma protein concentration. 2. A gravimetric method for the determination of total plasma protein is described. 3. A case is reported of cirrhosis of the liver in which over 10 gm. of protein daily was lost in the ascitic fluid during a period of 7 months without any lowering of plasma protein concentration. 4. The constancy of the plasma protein level and the adequacy of the mechanism of regeneration is pointed out.

scholarly journals PSX-15 Fall grazing of annual forages with fall born lambs may improve animal growth and total protein concentrations when compared to stockpiled pastures

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 451-452
Author(s):  
Braden J Campbell ◽  
Christine Gelley ◽  
Jefferson S McCutcheon ◽  
Francis L Fluharty ◽  
Anthony J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Abstract There is a consistent demand for grass-fed livestock products in the domestic market. Alternative grazing strategies should be considered to sustain the year-round production of grass-fed products that meet consumer demand and support animal health and performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of annual forages on the growth and parasite resilience of growing lambs. We hypothesized that lambs grazing annual forages would increase their body weight at a greater rate when compared to lambs grazing stockpiled pasture. A total of 54, 60-day-old lambs (24 kg ± 4.9 kg) were stratified by weight, sex, and randomly assigned to one of three grazing treatments: 1) oats (O); 2) turnips (T); and 3) stockpiled tall fescue pasture (F). Lamb body weight and indices of parasitism were measured every 14 days. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. There was a treatment × day effect for body weight such that T lambs were heavier on days 42 and 56 than O and F lambs (P &lt; 0.03). Furthermore, there was a treatment × day effect for average daily gain (ADG) whereas T lambs had a greater ADG on days 28 and 42 than O and F lambs (P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, on day 42, F lambs had a greater ADG when compared to O lambs (P &lt; 0.003). For the indices of parasitism, T lambs demonstrated lesser total plasma protein concentration on days 28 and 42 when compared with O lambs (P &lt; 0.05). Forage type plays a critical role in lamb resilience to gastrointestinal parasites and body weight gain whereas T lambs showed a greater liveweight gain. However, T lambs also demonstrated lesser concentrations of total plasma protein when compared to O lambs. Under these conditions, annual forages adequately sustained the growth of fall grazing lambs.

scholarly journals Determination of circulating blood volume by continuously monitoring hematocrit during hemodialysis.

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Leypoldt ◽  
A K Cheung ◽  
R R Steuer ◽  
D H Harris ◽  
J M Conis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Before And After

Dialysis-induced hypovolemia occurs because the rate of extracorporeal ultrafiltration exceeds the rate of refilling of the blood compartment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a method for calculating circulating blood volume (BV) during hemodialysis (HD) from changes in hematocrit (Hct) shortly (2 to 10 min) before and after ultrafiltration (UF) was abruptly stopped. Hct was monitored continuously during 93 HD treatment sessions in 16 patients by an optical technique and at selected times by centrifugation of blood samples. Total plasma protein and albumin concentrations were also measured at selected times. Continuously monitored Hct correlated with Hct determined by centrifugation (R = 0.89, N = 579). Relative changes in BV determined by continuously monitored Hct were not different from those determined by total plasma protein concentration (P = 0.05; N = 273). Calculated BV at the start of dialysis (4.1 +/- 1.3 L) was not different (P = 0.18, N = 12) from that derived anthropometrically from the patient's dry weight (4.6 +/- 0.8 L), and calculated BV when UF was stopped was 3.2 +/- 0.5 L (46 +/- 7 ml/kg body wt). These latter estimates of BV are consistent with those determined previously by dilution techniques in HD patients. It was concluded that (1) relative changes in BV assessed by continuously monitored Hct were unbiased and (2) BV can be determined noninvasively during HD by continuously monitoring Hct and temporarily stopping UF.

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