PSIX-13 Activation of cell signaling pathways by galectins in cow blood

Abstract Galectins are part of a conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that contribute to critical biological events during mammalian gestation and increasingly recognized for a possible role in the immune response of the cow. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Galectins on signal transduction and cell activation in cow blood. Whole blood was collected aseptically from the jugular vein of healthy Holstein Friesian dairy cows (N=3). Blood samples (2.5ml) in duplicate were treated with 150µl of the four different type of recombinant galectins (1, 3, 4, and 9) respectively and untreated samples were served as control. The concentration of total plasma protein was determined using the Pierce BCA kit. Protein expression profiling was performed using1,358 antibodies on the Full Moon BioSystems’ Signaling Explorer antibody array covering 20 cell signaling pathways, as recommended by the manufacturer using an Agilent microarray scanner. Data normalization was performed using GeneSpring GX software to generate fold changes in gene expression and then filtered to obtain a list of significantly upregulated and downregulated genes. Features were extracted from protein array images of samples treated with Galectin 1, 3, 4, 9, and untreated sample as a control group. Treatment with all four Galectins increased the concentration of total plasma protein. Average increases due to treatment with Gal1, Gal3, Gal4, and Gal9 were 27%, 10%, 20%, and 14% respectively. ANOVA test showed significance difference among the groups (p < 0.05). Dunnett option was used to compare each of the treated samples to the control group as a baseline. The results also showed that there was significant difference between the control group and any of the treated group (p < 0.05). Distinct signaling pathways are activated in response to Galectin exposure. Further studies are needed to define their regulation and functional impact on cow health.

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Hematological profile, total plasma protein and fibrinogen concentrations of clinically healthy adult Campeiro horses

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141408 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 144-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joandes Henrique Fonteque ◽

Marcio Luiz Ceccatto ◽

Renan Menegasso Bagio ◽

Jackson Schade ◽

Mere Erika Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Protein ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Age Groups ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Pregnant Females ◽

Total Plasma Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Student’S T

ABSTRACT: This research was performed by a multidisciplinary and interagency team and sought to determine the blood profile, total plasma protein and fibrinogen concentrations of clinically healthy adult Campeiro horses. A total of 138 horses (14 stallions, 74 non-pregnant and 50 pregnant mares) over three years of age from breeders located in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul were divided into groups according to age, sex and pregnancy status. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the ANOVA test, Student's T test, and descriptive analyses (P<0.05). There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the values for MCV, MCH, and total number of eosinophiles when comparing different age groups. There was also a notable difference (P<0.05) in the total plasma protein and total number of eosinophile variables when comparing pregnant females to non-pregnant females. These results show that the Campeiro breed presents certain peculiarities regarding variables in the complete blood count, total plasma protein and fibrinogen compared to the values described by other authors for other breeds. Thus, it is suggested that the values established in this study should be used as benchmarks for interpreting erythrocyte and leukocyte counts when evaluating these variables in Campeiro horses.

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Effects of hepatitis C virus NS3 protein on expression of heat shock protein 70 and Glypican3 as the markers of hepatocellular carcinoma

Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.104 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 356-364

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Cell Signaling ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Ns3 Protein ◽

Cell Signaling Pathways

Background and Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important risk factor for the development of liver cancer. The HCV NS3 protein plays a key role in the virus life cycle and can affect normal cellular activities, such as cell proliferation, cell death, and cell signaling pathways. Moreover, it may influence malignancy development. Two cellular genes, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Glypican3 (GPC3), that are assessed in this study, play important roles in the regulation of the cell signaling pathways, including cell proliferation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HCV NS3 protein on the expressions of these two genes in the Balb/C mouse model. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on three groups of male mice of Balb/C (n=8). The first group received NS3 plasmid, the second group received hepatitis B virus HBx plasmid, and the negative control group received distilled water. Two injections were administered via the tail vein, and after the last injection, RNA was extracted from the liver tissue. Next, the cDNA synthesis and real-time polymerase chain reaction for relevant genes were performed. Results: Findings revealed that the relative expression of the selected genes in the NS3 group was significant in comparison with the negative control group (P=0.0229 for GPC3 and 0.0020 for HSP70). However, there was no significant difference between the NS3 group and the HBx group (P=0.4516 for GPC3 and 0.6740 for HSP70). Conclusion: Results showed that NS3 protein may affect the increasing expression of the mentioned genes. Nevertheless, for more precise understanding, much more studies should be performed, such as evaluation of the effect of NS3 on other involved proteins in cell signaling pathways, studying other domains of NS3, performance of pathological and histological tests, usage of various experimental methods, assessment of the role of NS4A as a cofactor for NS3, and usage of vectors with more stability.

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Hepatic protein synthesis in the sheep: effect of intake as by use of stable-isotope-labelled glycine, leucine and phenylalanine

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970028 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 255-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

A. Connell ◽

A. G Calder ◽

S. E Anderson ◽

G. E Lobley*

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Liver Protein ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Plasma Albumin ◽

Total Plasma Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Apolipoprotein B100 ◽

Hepatic Portal

Rates of protein synthesis for the liver, plasma albumin and total plasma protein were quantified in sheep either offered a supra-maintenance intake or fasted for 3 d. The technique of continuous infusion over a 12 h period was employed with the simultaneous infusion of [1-13C]glycine, [1-13C]leucine and [2H5]phenylalanine. Blood and plasma samples were removed at timed intervals from the hepatic portal and hepatic veins plus the aorta. Enrichments of the free amino acids (AA) were determined in all blood and plasma samples as was the protein-bound AA in an apolipoprotein B100 extract. Protein-bound phenylalanine enrichments were also measured in albumin and total protein from plasma plus samples from liver biopsies. The apolipoprotein B100 enrichments agreed well with those of the free AA in hepatic (and hepatic portal) plasma but were lower than for arterial free AA and greater than liver homogenate free AA. This adds support to the concept that export proteins may preferentially use AA directly from extracellular sources. Intake had no significant effect on constitutive liver protein synthesis and the values agreed well with those obtained by other isotopic approaches. There were, however, signicant declines, based on hepatic venous free phenylalanine enrichment, at the lower intake in both the fractional (3·4v. 4·7 % per d;P=0·024) and absolute (2·4v. 4·2 g/d;P=0·011) synthesis rates of albumin, which matched the estimated decrease in total plasma albumin content (52v. 67 g,P<0·01). In contrast, there was a smaller reduction in total plasma protein mass (145v. 151 g,P=0·035) with no observed significant difference in kinetic parameters. Albumin synthesis was calculated to account for a maximum of 17 % of total liver protein synthesis in the fed condition and this may fall to 8 % during moderate fasts.

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Blood parasites, total plasma protein and packed cell volume of small wild mammals trapped in three mountain ranges of the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842007000300019 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 531-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MAML. Silva ◽

A. Ronconi ◽

N. Cordeiro ◽

DEP. Bossi ◽

HG. Bergallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Volume ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Blood Parasites ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Wild Mammals ◽

Total Plasma Protein ◽

Significant Difference

A study of blood parasites in small wild non-flying mammals was undertaken in three areas of the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil: Serra de Itatiaia, RJ, Serra da Bocaina, SP and Serra da Fartura, SP, from June 1999 to May 2001. A total of 450 animals (15 species) were captured in traps and it was observed in 15.5% of the blood smears the presence of Haemobartonella sp. and Babesia sp. in red blood cells. There was no statistically significant difference between parasited and non-parasited specimens regarding total plasma protein, packed cell volume and body weight, which strongly suggests that these specimens might be parasite reservoirs.

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Gum Arabica in Goat Blood

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 42-42

Author(s):

Yaser M Ahmed ◽

Hamid Ismail ◽

Djaafar M Rehrah ◽

Mulumebet Worku

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

White Blood Cell ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Water Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Plasma Protein Concentration ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Total Plasma Protein

Abstract Gastrointestinal nematodes and other pathogens pose a major problem for goat production by reducing animal performance and welfare. Plants such as Acacia Senegal are useful as dietary sources for natural prophylaxis. Gum Arabica (GA) from A. Sengal has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties that need to be explored in goats. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible immunomodulatory effect of a water extract of GA in goat blood. Clinically healthy Boer and Spanish goats from the NCA&T Small ruminant unit were used. Goats were assigned randomly to two groups of ten (n = 20). Goats of one group were drenched daily with 10 mL of GA (treatment I) extract for 6 weeks. The second (control) group of goats received sterile water (treatment II). Blood was collected from the jugular vein in tubes containing acid-citrate-dextrose anticoagulant. Plasma was separated and the concentration of total protein was determined using Pierce BCA kit (Thermo Scientific Pierce, Rockford, IL). The white blood cell differential count was assessed on Wrights smeared stains. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM in SAS 9.4 (P < 0.05). Treatment with GA modulated total plasma protein concentration and the differential white blood cell counts. Treatment increased total plasma protein concentration and % lymphocytes, it decreased % neutrophils. Immunomodulation by GA may be advantageous in promoting health and wellness in goats. Further studies on the mechanism of action are warranted.

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Potential Analysis of Lemna sp. Extract as Immunostimulant to Increase Non-Specific Immune Response of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila

Research Journal of Life Science ◽

10.21776/ub.rjls.2021.008.01.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

Eric Armando ◽

Ayu Lestiyani ◽

R. Adharyan Islamy

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Lysozyme Activity ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Immune Parameters ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Plasma Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Range Test

Lemna sp. is known to have several bioactive compounds and polysaccharide macromolecules that can function as immunomodulators to affect non-specific immune responses to increase the body's resistance to pathogens. This study aims to determine the potential of catfish eye extract as an immunostimulant by observing non-specific tilapia immune parameters. The extraction method used was 96% ethanol maceration for 2 days with a ratio of 1: 4. The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments (doses 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/kg, control + and control -) and 3 replications. The non-specific parameters of immunity observed included total plasma protein (Bradford method), superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activity. The data obtained will be analyzed using ANOVA, if there is a significant difference, it will be further tested with Duncan Multiple. Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the highest total plasma protein was found in treatment C (giving an extract of 0.3 mg/kg body weight) with an average total plasma protein after 12 days of maintenance of 4.99 g / dL. The extract dose of 0.3 mg/body weight showed a rapid decrease in SOD and increase Lysozyme activity.

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