Pediatric burns with cyanoacrylate glue - an inconspicuous danger

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Carvalho ◽  
Ana Sofia Marinho ◽  
Joana Barbosa-Sequeira ◽  
Mário Rui Correia ◽  
Fátima Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Information ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Glue ◽  
Pediatric Injury ◽  
Pediatric Burns ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Hot Surface ◽  
Intense Heat

Abstract Burns are a common cause of pediatric injury and represent significant morbidity and mortality in this age group. In children, most burns are thermal, resulting from exposure to a hot surface, liquid, or fire. Cyanoacrylate is a liquid compound commonly found in households, mainly in “superglue” and nail glue. This compound solidifies through an exothermic reaction that is magnified when in contact with certain fibers that act as catalysts, such as cotton. In these circumstances, intense heat is produced in the contact area, potentially causing severe thermal burns. Despite its widespread availability, there is a paucity of safety information about cyanoacrylate and its role as a cause for burns. In the literature, only 18 cases of cyanoacrylate burns are reported in children. We present 2 cases of pediatric burns with cyanoacrylate and a review of the literature.

Does Nubility Indicate More Than High Reproductive Value? Nubile Primiparas’ Pregnancy Outcomes in Evolutionary Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470492110395
Author(s):  
William D. Lassek ◽  
Steven J. C. Gaulin
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Widespread Availability ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year

The idea that human males are most strongly attracted to traits that peak in women in the nubile age group raises the question of how well women in that age group contend with the potential hazards of a first pregnancy. Using data for 1.7 million first births from 1990 U.S. natality and mortality records, we compared outcomes for women with first births (primiparas) aged 16–20 years (when first births typically occur in forager and subsistence groups) with those aged 21–25 years. The younger primiparas had a much lower risk of potentially life-threatening complications of labor and delivery and, when evolutionarily novel risk factors were controlled, fetuses which were significantly more likely to survive despite lower birth weights. Thus, nubile primiparas were more likely to have a successful reproductive outcome defined in an evolutionarily relevant way (an infant of normal birth weight and gestation, surviving to one year, and delivered without a medically necessary cesarean delivery). This suggests that prior to the widespread availability of surgical deliveries, men who mated with women in the nubile age group would have reaped the benefit of having a reproductive partner more likely to have a successful first pregnancy.

Abstract 330: Thirty-day Incidence of Cardiac Tamponade and Mortality Following Catheter or Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Scoggins ◽  
Christie Teigland ◽  
Laura B Meisnere
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Af Ablation

Background: The risks of cardiac tamponade and mortality during the first 30 days following catheter or surgical atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation are not well known. Previous large population studies have been limited to in-hospital complication rates and might significantly underestimate the risks of these procedures. Methods: This population based retrospective cohort study was conducted using a large national representative administrative claims database, the Medical Outcomes Research for Effectiveness and Economics Registry (MORE2 Registry®). Thirty-day incidence rates of cardiac tamponade and mortality were calculated and compared by type of procedure (i.e. catheter or surgical), patient gender and age. We analyzed 38,974 AF ablation procedures (catheter: 30,758, 78.9%; surgical: 8,216, 21.1%; age 80 or older: 6,077, 15.6%; 65 to 79: 19,572, 50.2%; 50 to 64: 10,243, 26.3%; 18 to 49: 3,082, 7.9%) performed on 35,754 patients (men: 21,879, 61.2%; women: 13,875, 38.8%) from 2007 to 2012. Results: Thirty-day incidence of cardiac tamponade was 1.74% and differed significantly by type of procedure (catheter: 1.51% vs. surgical: 2.62%, p<0.001) and gender (men: 1.60% vs. women: 1.96%, p=0.010), but not by age group (18-49: 1.49%; 50-64: 1.77%; 65-79: 1.91%; 80 or older: 1.28%, p=0.425). The thirty-day mortality rate was 1.15% and differed significantly by type of procedure (catheter: 0.70% vs. surgical: 2.76%, p<0.001), but not by gender (men: 1.06% vs. women: 1.29%, p=0.058). The mortality rate did not differ significantly from the youngest age group to the next oldest (18 to 49: 0.33% vs. 50 to 64: 0.21%, p=0.315), but increased significantly for the oldest age groups (65 to 79: 1.28%; 80 or older: 2.75%, p<0.001). Conclusion: The 30-day risks of both cardiac tamponade and mortality following catheter AF ablation are greater than the in-hospital rates reported in a previous study. Surgical AF ablation has significantly higher 30-day rates of both cardiac tamponade and mortality, compared to catheter AF ablation. The risk of cardiac tamponade is greater for women than men, but does not vary significantly by age group. Conversely, the risk of mortality is greater for patients age 65 and older, but is not significantly different for women compared to men. These findings provide new comparative safety information that can help inform optimal treatment practices and could serve as the basis of a physician or facility quality measure designed to evaluate relative performance and provide benchmarks to support both consumer choice and quality improvement efforts.

Too Hot to Handle? Full-Thickness Burn Injury in a Child Caused by Cyanoacrylate Glue and Cotton—A Case Report and Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Jacques ◽  
Sonia Tran ◽  
Monique Bertinetti ◽  
Andrew J A Holland
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Glue ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Education And Awareness

Abstract Domestic superglue (cyanoacrylate) in the hands of children can have devastating consequences, especially when cotton clothing is involved. When cotton comes into contact with cyanoacrylate, an intense exothermic reaction occurs, creating temperatures high enough to cause significant thermal injury. A literature review found 16 such cases of burns documented (2 adult and 14 pediatric). This article presents a case report of a 4-year-old child sustaining a full-thickness burn injury to her leg requiring skin grafting when superglue was spilt onto cotton pants. She was sitting near a fan heater at the time. An experiment was conducted to replicate the exothermic reaction between superglue and cotton and to determine if the addition of radiant heat would have any significant effect. The maximum temperature reached with one 3-g tube of superglue onto cotton pyjamas was 91°C (196°F) and occurred approximately 90 seconds postapplication. It took more than 3 minutes for the temperature to cool below 40°C (104°F). The addition of radiant heat from a fan heater placed 60 cm from the clothing found that the temperature peak was similarly reached and cooled, but the temperature did not reduce below 52°C (126°F) for over 20 minutes, proving that potential harm may be amplified if first aid is not appropriately sought. Product labeling and the knowledge of potential harm from such mechanism of injury remain inadequate. It is hoped that the reporting of this case contributes to an increase in public education and awareness of such dangers and may contribute to preventing avoidable future incidences.

scholarly journals Incidence of pediatric injury visits decreased while trauma surgeries remained stable during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland: a register-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e000304
Author(s):  
Joonas Kuorikoski ◽  
Ilari Kuitunen ◽  
Mikko Uimonen ◽  
Ville M Mattila ◽  
Ville Ponkilainen
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Pediatric Injury ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ed Visits

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has reduced pediatric emergency department (ED) visits and surgeries. This study evaluates the incidence of pediatric trauma ED visits and surgeries in Finland during the first and second waves of the pandemic.MethodsThree large Finnish hospitals, covering one-sixth of the Finnish pediatric population, participated. Data on all ED visits and trauma surgeries between January 2017 and December 2020 were collected from hospital discharge registers. Monthly incidences with 95% CI were calculated per 100 000 person-months by Poisson exact method and compared by incidence rate ratio (IRR).ResultsDuring the lockdown the incidence of head injuries (IRR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.87), sprains (IRR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.46), and fractures (IRR 0.36, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.51) decreased in the 13–17 years age group. In the 4–12 years age group a 55% decrease (IRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.96) in head injuries was observed. During the period of regional restrictions a subtle decrease in head injuries was seen in the 13–17 years age group (IRR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78). During the lockdown in March 2020 the incidence of fractures decreased in the oldest age group (13–17 years) (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.85), while a rebound in incidence was seen at the end of the lockdown period in June.ConclusionThe nationwide lockdown and the cancellation of sports and other hobbies markedly decreased the injuries among children aged 13–17 years, while the decrease was lower among children aged 4–12 years. Cancellation of sports and hobbies did not affect patients under 4 years of age.

scholarly journals Age Group Differences in Household Accident Risk Perceptions and Intentions to Reduce Hazards

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Morgan ◽  
John Reidy ◽  
Tahira Probst
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Response Efficacy

Very little is known about the extent to which seemingly vulnerable younger and older adults appraise household risks and relatedly whether safety information focused on raising risk awareness influences intentions to reduce hazards in the home. The present study assessed age differences in accident experience, risk attitudes, household accident risk perceptions, comparative optimism, personal control, efficacy judgements, and intentions to remove household hazards. It also examined the predictors of these intentions. Thirty-eight younger adults (aged 18 to 25) and forty older adults (aged 65 to 87) completed study booklets containing all measures. There were significant age group differences for all accident experience and risk-related variables. Younger adults experienced more accidents, had riskier attitudes, and had significantly lower cognitive risk perceptions (i.e., they were less likely to be injured due to a household accident). They also had lower affective risk perceptions (i.e., they were less worried) about their accident risk and perceived more personal control over the risk compared with older adults. Young adults were comparatively optimistic about their risk while older adults were pessimistic. Older adults had higher response efficacy and intentions to reduce hazards in the home. Only worry, response efficacy, and risk attitudes predicted intention, however, these relationships were not moderated by age or efficacy appraisal. Although tentative theoretical and practical implications are presented, further research is required in order to better understand the objective and subjective risk associated with household accidents, and to determine the factors that may improve safety, particularly for those most vulnerable.

Pediatric Injury Presenting in Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Sneha Pradhananga ◽  
Trishna Shrestha ◽  
Kabita Hada Batajoo ◽  
Manjita Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Injury ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
At Home

Introduction: Pediatric injury is one of the common emergencies encountered in the emergency department. It is emerging as leading cause of death and disabilities in children. This study aims to analyze the patterns of pediatric injury based on age group, gender, mode, type, place of injury and its outcome. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in Emergency Department of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital from 1st May 2019 to 30th July 2019. A total of 110 patients aged 15 years and below and with history of trauma were included in this study. Results: A hundred and ten pediatric patients presented to emergency with injuries. Majority of pediatric trauma cases belonged to age group 1-5 years (38.2%, n=42) and more frequent in male children (66.4%, n=73) .In both gender, male (45.5%, n=50) and female (17.3%, n=19); fall was most common mode of injury followed by accidental cut injury (7.3%,n=8) in male and road traffic accident (6.4%,n=7) in female. Most of the cases sustained soft tissue injury (32.7%, n=36) followed by cut injury (26.4%, n=29) and fracture (16.4%, n=18). Common place of injury was found to be at home (64.5%, n=71). Majority were discharged (n=100; 90.9%), Nine (8.2 %) were admitted and one expired (0.9 %) expired. Conclusion: Fall injuries are the major mode of injury encountered in both male and female children. Injuries tend to occur more at home than school. Children should be adequately supervised at home and school.  

Evaporation of Liquid Marbles on a Heated Surface: Coating-Assisted Leidenfrost Phenomenon

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Aberle ◽  
Mark Lewis ◽  
Gan Yu ◽  
Nan Lei ◽  
Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Film Boiling ◽  
Vapor Film ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Evaporation Time ◽  
Liquid Marbles ◽  
Leidenfrost Effect ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Hot Surface

The Leidenfrost effect is a well-known heat transfer phenomenon, which predicts that liquid droplets will show prolonged evaporation time when they are placed on a hot surface with a temperature higher than a critical value. This effect is due to film boiling, where a vapor film helps insulate the drop from the hot surface. In this paper, we show that specially engineered droplets — liquid marbles — can exhibit Leifenfrost effect at any temperature above the boiling point without experiencing any transition. Liquid marbles are spheres with a liquid core that are coated with hydrophobic particles. When brought into contact with a solid surface, liquid marbles are completely nonwetting due to the fact that the hydrophobic powder is in between the liquid and solid surface. Liquid marbles may be used as excellent microreservoirs for biosample handling and chemical reagent manipulation. In our study, liquid marbles are synthesized by coating water droplets with graphite particles. We investigate the thermal evaporation of the fabricated graphite liquid marbles on a hot substrate at prescribed temperatures, and compare the results with pure water droplets. The evaporation time of both liquid marbles and water droplets are recorded at various temperatures. If the temperature is above the Leidenfrost point, the evaporation of both liquid marbles and water droplets are prolonged with similar amount of time (about 100s), which indicates that similar physics might at play in both cases: heat transfer is impeded by a thin layer of vapor. If the temperature is below the Leidenfrost point, water droplets evaporate a hundred times faster. This is because the vapor film cannot self-sustain and levitate the droplet anymore. On the other hand, liquid marbles still evaporate slowly with the same level of time as Leidenfrost evaporation times, which indicates that the Leidenfrost effect still takes effect for liquid marbles even below the critical temperature. This might be due to the fact that the coating of the liquid marble helps levitate the liquid core, maintaining a layer of insulating vapor. In the end, we report detailed deformation of liquid marbles during evaporation. This coating-assisted Leidenfrost phenomenon could be useful in many applications where film boiling is desired. The strong thermal robustness of graphite liquid marbles over a wide temperature range, together with the inert reactivity, electrical conductivity and superior lubrication properties of graphite, make graphite liquid marbles potentially useful in a wealth of applications in microfluidics and lab on a chip devices.

Nuclear Reactions in Deuterium Titanium

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
D.M. Vanderwalker
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Fundamental Interest ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Iodide Titanium ◽  
A Cell ◽  
After Hours ◽  
Quantity Of Heat

There is a fundamental interest in electrochemical fusion of deuterium in palladium and titanium since its supposed discovery by Fleischmann and Pons. Their calorimetric experiments reveal that a large quantity of heat is released by Pd after hours in a cell, suggesting fusion occurs. They cannot explain fusion by force arguments, nor can it be an exothermic reaction on the formation of deuterides because a smaller quantity of heat is released. This study examines reactions of deuterium in titanium.Both iodide titanium and 99% pure titanium samples were encapsulated in vacuum tubes, annealed for 2h at 800 °C. The Ti foils were charged with deuterium in a D2SO4 D2O solution at a potential of .45V with respect to a calomel reference junction. Samples were ion beam thinned for transmission electron microscopy. The TEM was performed on the JEOL 200CX.The structure of D charged titanium is α-Ti with hexagonal and fee deuterides.

Trainable Children Can Learn Adjectives, Polars, and Prepositions!

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlys Mitchell ◽  
Carolyn Evans ◽  
John Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Achievement Gains ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Locative Prepositions ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Trainable Mentally Retarded

Twelve trainable mentally retarded children were given six weeks of instruction in the use of adjectives, polars, and locative prepositions. Specially prepared Language Master cards constituted the program. Posttests indicated that children in the older chronological age group earned significantly higher scores than those in the younger group. Children in the younger group made significant increases in scores, particularly in learning prepositions. A multisensory approach and active involvement in learning appeared to be major factors in achievement gains.

1878: Median PSA for the Age Group in Men in their 60S, 70S and 80S

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 624-624
Author(s):  
John P. Cashy ◽  
Stacy Loeb ◽  
Kimberly A. Roehl ◽  
William J. Catalona
Keyword(s):  
Age Group
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