An exploratory study demonstrating that salivary cytokine profiles are altered in children with small area thermal injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Carlton ◽  
Joanne Voisey ◽  
Lee Jones ◽  
Tony J Parker ◽  
Chamindie Punyadeera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cytokine Concentration ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Multiplex Cytokine

Abstract Serum can be used to investigate changes in cytokine concentration following burn injury in children, however for children receiving treatment in an outpatient setting, blood is not routinely collected and therefore cannot be used for monitoring. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of saliva as a non-invasive tool for predicting burn outcomes by measuring the concentration of salivary cytokines in children with small area burns. A multiplex cytokine assay was used to measure 17 cytokines in the saliva of paediatric patients with burns (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). After the removal of cytokines that had >30% of samples below the assay lower detection limit, six cytokines including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNFα were analysed for association with burns. IL-1β and IL-4 were found to be significantly elevated in the paediatric burn patients compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, IL-1β was also significantly elevated in scald burns, compared to contact burns. In addition, biologically meaningful differences in cytokine concentration were identified in patients with different burn characteristics, which warrant further investigation. This exploratory study provides evidence that cytokines can be detected in the saliva of children and that salivary cytokine profiles differ between healthy controls and children with burns. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of saliva for the investigation of cytokines and its potential application in paediatric diagnostics, specifically in situations where blood collection is not appropriate.

scholarly journals Reactive arthritis and undifferentiated peripheral spondyloarthritis share human leucocyte antigen B27 subtypes and serum and synovial fluid cytokine profiles

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Ranjan Parida ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Sakir Ahmed ◽  
Smriti Chaurasia ◽  
Ratnadeep Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Human Leucocyte Antigen ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Peripheral Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Multiplex Cytokine ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Objectives Peripheral SpA (pSpA) is comprised of ReA, PsA, enteritis-associated arthritis and undifferentiated pSpA (upSpA). ReA and upSpA share T cell oligotypes and metabolomics in serum and SF. We investigated HLA-B27 subtypes and cytokines in serum and SF that were compared between ReA and upSpA. Methods ReA and upSpA were compared in two cohorts. In cohort I (44 ReA and 56 upSpA), HLA-B27 subtyping was carried out. In cohort II (17 ReA and 21 upSpA), serum and SF cytokines were compared using a multiplex cytokine bead assay (27 cytokines). A total of 28 healthy controls with similar age and sex to cohort II were included for comparison of serum cytokine levels. Results In cohort I, HLA-B27 was positive in 81.8% (36/44) of ReA and 85.71% (48/56) of upSpA patients. HLA-B27 typing was successful in 70 patients (30 ReA and 40 uSpA). HLA-B*2705 was the most common, followed by HLA-B*2704 and HLA-B*2707. Frequencies were the same between ReA and upSpA. In cohort II, 14 cytokines were detectable in the serum of patients. The levels of eight cytokines were higher than in the controls. The cytokine levels of ReA and upSpA were similar. Sixteen cytokines were detectable in the SF of patients. There was no statistical difference in the levels between ReA and upSpA. The cytokine profiles in sera and SF were also similar among HLA-B27-positive and negative patients. Conclusion ReA and upSpA have similar HLA-B27 subtype associations and similar cytokine profiles. They should be considered as a single entity during studies as well as clinical management.

scholarly journals Non-invasive intradermal imaging of cystine crystals in cystinosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247846
Author(s):  
Marya Bengali ◽  
Spencer Goodman ◽  
Xiaoying Sun ◽  
Magdalene A. Dohil ◽  
Ranjan Dohil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Diego ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Crystal Accumulation ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Importance Development of noninvasive methodology to reproducibly measure tissue cystine crystal load to assess disease status and guide clinical care in cystinosis, an inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by widespread cystine crystal accumulation. Objective To develop an unbiased and semi-automated imaging methodology to quantify dermal cystine crystal accumulation in patients to correlate with disease status. Design, setting and participants 101 participants, 70 patients and 31 healthy controls, were enrolled at the University of California, San Diego, Cystinosis Clinics, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego and at the annual Cystinosis Research Foundation family conference for an ongoing prospective longitudinal cohort study of cystinosis patients with potential yearly follow-up. Exposures Intradermal reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging, blood collection via standard venipuncture, medical record collection, and occasional skin punch biopsies. Main outcomes and measures The primary outcome was to establish an automated measure of normalized confocal crystal volume (nCCV) for each subject. Secondary analysis examined the association of nCCV with various clinical indicators to assess nCCV’s possible predictive potential. Results Over 2 years, 57 patients diagnosed with cystinosis (median [range] age: 15.1 yrs [0.8, 54]; 41.4% female) were intradermally assessed by RCM to produce 84 image stacks. 27 healthy individuals (38.7 yrs [10, 85]; 53.1% female) were also imaged providing 37 control image stacks. Automated 2D crystal area quantification revealed that patients had significantly elevated crystal accumulation within the superficial dermis. 3D volumetric analysis of this region was significantly higher in patients compared to healthy controls (mean [SD]: 1934.0 μm3 [1169.1] for patients vs. 363.1 μm3 [194.3] for controls, P<0.001). Medical outcome data was collected from 43 patients with infantile cystinosis (media [range] age: 11 yrs [0.8, 54]; 51% female). nCCV was positively associated with hypothyroidism (OR = 19.68, 95% CI: [1.60, 242.46], P = 0.02) and stage of chronic kidney disease (slope estimate = 0.53, 95%CI: [0.05, 1.00], P = 0.03). Conclusions and relevance This study used non-invasive RCM imaging to develop an intradermal cystine crystal quantification method. Results showed that cystinosis patients had increased nCCV compared to healthy controls. Level of patient nCCV correlated with several clinical outcomes suggesting nCCV may be used as a potential new biomarker for cystinosis to monitor long-term disease control and medication compliance.

scholarly journals Non‐invasive assessment of temporal changes in myocardial microvascular function in persons with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida K. B. Rasmussen ◽  
Philip Hasbak ◽  
Bernt J. Scholten ◽  
Jens C. Laursen ◽  
Emilie H. Zobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Detection of urinary leishmanial antigen by latex agglutination test (KAtex) in kala-azar patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Dinesh Mondal ◽  
Mamun Kabir ◽  
Rashidul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Kala Azar

Background: A new unique latex agglutination test (KAtex) that detects a stable, nonprotein, disease specific parasite antigen in the freshly voided urine of patients suffering from active kala-azar has been introduced by Kalon Biological Ltd. UK. This is absolutely non-invasive method of diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis and suitable for implementation as a rapid diagnostic tool at the point of care. Objective: Diagnostic potential of KAtex was evaluated among clinically suspected kala-azar patients in an endemic zone of Bangladesh. Methodology: KAtex was done using freshly voided urine according to the manufacturer’s instructions for sixty (60) clinically suspected patients of kala-azar admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Bangladesh and forty (40) healthy controls during December 2005 to June 2006. Leishmania nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Ln-PCR) using peripheral blood buffy coat was performed for all study population (100) and Ln-PCR positive cases were considered as confirmed cases of kalaazar. Results: Out of 60 clinically suspected kala-azar patients, 56 were Ln-PCR positive and 53 of 56 Ln-PCR positive cases were KAtex positive (sensitivity, 94.64%; Mantel-Haenszel Chi sq. 79.66, p= 0.0000, confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). None of the healthy controls was found positive by Ln-PCR but 2 of 40 were KAtex positive (specificity, 95%; confidence interval [CI], >95 to 100%). The positive and negative predictive values of KAtex were noted as 98.10% and 92.85% respectively. Conclusion: This limited prospective study suggests that KAtex is an absolutely non-invasive urinebased antigen detection test with high sensitivity and specificity and may be useful for screening active kala-azar patients, particularly suitable for field use. Key words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Kala-azar; KAtex; Ln-PCR; sensitivity; specificity. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6688Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.216-222

scholarly journals Plasma Lipidomic Profiles of Kidney, Breast, and Prostate Cancer Patients Differ from Healthy Controls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Wolrab ◽  
Robert Jirásko ◽  
Ondřej Peterka ◽  
Jakub Idkowiak ◽  
Michaela Chocholoušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Early cancer screening is one of the unmet needs in clinical medicine. The peripheral blood analysis is a preferred method for efficient population screening as blood collection is well embedded in clinical practice and minimally invasive for patients. Lipids are important biomolecules, and variations in lipid concentrations may reflect pathological disorders. The lipidomic profiling by ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry of human plasma for distinguishing samples obtained from breast, kidney, and prostate cancer patients and healthy controls is investigated. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the new lipidomic profiling approach were 85%, 95%, and 92% for kidney cancer; 91%, 97%, and 94% for breast cancer; and 87%, 95%, and 92% for prostate cancer. No association of statistical models with tumor stage is observed. The statistically most significant lipid species for differentiation of studied cancer types are CE 16:0, Cer 42:1, LPC 18:2, PC 36:2, PC 36:3, SM 32:1, and SM 41:1.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study Investigating a Novel Non-Linear Measure of Eyes Open versus Eyes Closed EEG Synchronization in People with Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Blackburn ◽  
Yifan Zhao ◽  
Matteo De Marco ◽  
Simon Bell ◽  
Fei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Measure ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open

Background: The incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is increasing with the ageing population. The development of low cost non-invasive diagnostic aids for AD is a research priority. This pilot study investigated whether an approach based on a novel dynamic quantitative parametric EEG method could detect abnormalities in people with AD. Methods: 20 patients with probable AD, 20 matched healthy controls (HC) and 4 patients with probable fronto temporal dementia (FTD) were included. All had detailed neuropsychology along with structural, resting state fMRI and EEG. EEG data were analyzed using the Error Reduction Ratio-causality (ERR-causality) test that can capture both linear and nonlinear interactions between different EEG recording areas. The 95% confidence intervals of EEG levels of bi-centroparietal synchronization were estimated for eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) states. Results: In the EC state, AD patients and HC had very similar levels of bi-centro parietal synchronization; but in the EO resting state, patients with AD had significantly higher levels of synchronization (AD = 0.44; interquartile range (IQR) 0.41 vs. HC = 0.15; IQR 0.17, p < 0.0001). The EO/EC synchronization ratio, a measure of the dynamic changes between the two states, also showed significant differences between these two groups (AD ratio 0.78 versus HC ratio 0.37 p < 0.0001). EO synchronization was also significantly different between AD and FTD (FTD = 0.075; IQR 0.03, p < 0.0001). However, the EO/EC ratio was not informative in the FTD group due to very low levels of synchronization in both states (EO and EC). Conclusion: In this pilot work, resting state quantitative EEG shows significant differences between healthy controls and patients with AD. This approach has the potential to develop into a useful non-invasive and economical diagnostic aid in AD.

scholarly journals Non-invasive pressure measurement of the great saphenous vein in healthy controls and patients with venous insufficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koster ◽  
B.R. Amann-Vesti ◽  
M. Husmann ◽  
V. Jacomella ◽  
T.O. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract T P312: Utility of Early MRI in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri A Braksick ◽  
Sara Hocker
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Changes

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Utility of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not fully understood. Identifying patients in whom early MRI changes clinical management may improve outcomes in select patients and reduce costs overall by avoiding inpatient MRIs in patients who are unlikely to benefit. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that early MRI in patients with spontaneous ICH does not alter management acutely in older patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all ICH admitted to our institution from 2006-2012. Patients were excluded if they 1) had a known underlying lesion, 2) were < 18 years, 3) suffered ICH as a result of trauma or 4) did not undergo MRI. Data were evaluated for clinical or radiographic characteristics that resulted in a change in clinical management, including surgical intervention or future avoidance of antithrombotic medications, among others. Results: In total, 248 patients with a median age of 70 years (IQR 58-78) were included. MRI changed management in 79 patients (31.9%). Initial MRI was obtained an average of 10 days after the hemorrhage. Possible structural abnormalities requiring emergent intervention were found in 14 (17.7%) patients, while 64 (81.0%) had findings concerning for other non-emergent/non-surgical anomalies (possible tumor (n=6), cavernoma (n=7), alternate diagnosis (n=1), probable amyloid angiopathy (n=21), evaluation for embolic phenomenon (n=13), evaluation for vasculitis (n=2), abnormal edema/enhancement (n=8), MRI led to additional non-invasive vascular imaging (n=6)). One patient (1.3%) was found to have a venous sinus thrombosis prompting anticoagulation. MRI was more likely to result in a change in management in patients < 55 years of age (47.1% vs 27.9%, p=0.009). Conclusions: MRI after ICH changed management in approximately one-third of patients and resulted in an immediate change in management in a minority of patients. Younger patients are more likely to benefit from early MRI. In older patients suspected of amyloid angiopathy that may preclude future antithrombotic therapy, delayed MRI in the outpatient setting may be reasonable.

Pain Management for Pediatric Burns in the Outpatient Setting: A Changing Paradigm?

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-819
Author(s):  
Niti Shahi ◽  
Maxene Meier ◽  
Ryan Phillips ◽  
Gabrielle Shirek ◽  
Adam Goldsmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Control ◽  
Multimodal Therapy ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Over The Counter

Abstract Childhood burns are common and distressing for children and their parents. Pain is the most common complaint and often thought to be undertreated, which can negatively influence the child’s care and increase the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. There is limited literature on the role of opioids and multimodal therapy in the treatment of pediatric outpatient burns. We sought to evaluate the current use of opioids (including the use of multimodal therapies), storage, and disposal of opioids in this patient population. Parents of burn-injured children 8 months to 18 years old, who were seen in an outpatient setting within 2 weeks of their burn injury, were queried from April to December 2019 regarding their child’s pain control, opioid medication use, over-the-counter pain medication use, opioid storage, and disposal. A total of 142 parents of burn-injured children and their parents were surveyed. The median age of the burn-injured children was 2.7 years old and the majority (54.2%; 77/142) were male. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) was 1.8% and half sustained burn injuries to one or both hands. The most frequently used regimens for constant and/or breakthrough pain control were acetaminophen (62.7%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 68.3%). Less than one fifth (26/142;18%) of patients were prescribed opioids and 88% filled their prescription. The median number of doses of opioids prescribed was eight doses, with a median of four doses of opioids unused. Only three patients used all of their prescribed opioids and no patient ≥12 years old used their entire prescription. Burns greater than 3% TBSA, irrespective of burn injury location, were associated with opioid prescription (P = .003). Approximately 40% (10/26) of parents who filled their child’s opioid prescription stored the opioid in a locked area. Fewer than one third (7/26) of patients were educated on how to dispose of excess opioid pain medication. Overall, most pediatric outpatient burn injuries can be successfully managed with over-the-counter medications. Providers, who care for burn-injured children ≤ 12 years old with burns that cover ≥3% TBSA in the outpatient setting, should consider no more than four opioid doses for initial pain control. This guideline, coupled with family and provider-centered education on multimodal therapy at the time of initial presentation and safe use of opioids, are important first steps to minimizing the use of opioids in the management of small area burns in children.

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