Architecture on the Carpet: The Curious Tale of Construction Toys and the Genesis of Modern Buildings * Modernist Complexity on a Small Scale: The Dandanah Glass Building Blocks of 1920 from an Object-based Research Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
A. F. Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Object Based

scholarly journals PyroMEMS as Future Technological Building Blocks for Advanced Microenergetic Systems

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Jean-Laurent Pouchairet ◽  
Carole Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Function Block ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Electronically Controllable

For the past two decades, many research groups have investigated new methods for reducing the size and cost of safe and arm-fire systems, while also improving their safety and reliability, through batch processing. Simultaneously, micro- and nanotechnology advancements regarding nanothermite materials have enabled the production of a key technological building block: pyrotechnical microsystems (pyroMEMS). This building block simply consists of microscale electric initiators with a thin thermite layer as the ignition charge. This microscale to millimeter-scale addressable pyroMEMS enables the integration of intelligence into centimeter-scale pyrotechnical systems. To illustrate this technological evolution, we hereby present the development of a smart infrared (IR) electronically controllable flare consisting of three distinct components: (1) a controllable pyrotechnical ejection block comprising three independently addressable small-scale propellers, all integrated into a one-piece molded and interconnected device, (2) a terminal function block comprising a structured IR pyrotechnical loaf coupled with a microinitiation stage integrating low-energy addressable pyroMEMS, and (3) a connected, autonomous, STANAG 4187 compliant, electronic sensor arming and firing block.

Concept Design of Very Large Floating Structures and Laboratory-Scale Physical Modelling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cappietti ◽  
Irene Simonetti ◽  
Ilaria Crema
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
World Population ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Experimental Database ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Very Large Floating Structures

Abstract The use of Very Large Floating Structures, VLFS, may represent a strategic approach in order to cope with some of the future societal challenges arising from the impressive growth of the world population. In this article, the motivations of this perspective are briefly discussed, the main issues for the development of VLFS are summarized and a concept structural design based on building-blocks technology is proposed. A small-scale physical model was manufactured and tested in the wave-current flume of the Laboratory of Maritime Engineering, LABIMA, of the Florence University, Italy. The aim of this study is the assessment of the structural feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed VLFS concept, in terms of resistance to wave loads and control of floating behavior. The experimental measurements provide a first contribution to the necessary knowledge, about load magnitudes and floating behavior, for sizing some of the key structural components. The results appear to support the feasibility of the system in terms of usage of structural materials, technical components and building technologies, available at present, that can withstand the measured loads. Moreover, the acquired experimental database is fundamental in order to validate numerical models, in the perspective of using also such tools as complementary methodology for further improvement of the knowledge of design issues.

scholarly journals Post-rendezvous radar properties of comet 67P/CG from the Rosetta Mission: understanding future Earth-based radar observations and the dynamical evolution of comets

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (2) ◽  
pp. 1667-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Heggy ◽  
Elizabeth M Palmer ◽  
Alain Hérique ◽  
Wlodek Kofman ◽  
M Ramy El-Maarry
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cometary Nucleus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
Radar Observations ◽  
Comet 67P

ABSTRACT Radar observations provide crucial insights into the formation and dynamical evolution of comets. This ability is constrained by our knowledge of the dielectric and textural properties of these small-bodies. Using several observations by Rosetta as well as results from the Earth-based Arecibo radio telescope, we provide an updated and comprehensive dielectric and roughness description of Comet 67P/CG, which can provide new constraints on the radar properties of other nuclei. Furthermore, contrary to previous assumptions of cometary surfaces being dielectrically homogeneous and smooth, we find that cometary surfaces are dielectrically heterogeneous ( εr′≈1.6–3.2), and are rough at X- and S-band frequencies, which are widely used in characterization of small-bodies. We also investigate the lack of signal broadening in CONSERT observations through the comet head. Our results suggest that primordial building blocks in the subsurface are either absent, smaller than the radar wavelength, or have a weak dielectric contrast (Δ εr′). To constrain this ambiguity, we use optical albedo measurements by the OSIRIS camera of the freshly exposed subsurface after the Aswan cliff collapse. We find that the hypothetical subsurface blocks should have |Δ εr′|≳0.15, setting an upper limit of ∼ 1 m on the size of 67P/CG's primordial building blocks if they exist. Our analysis is consistent with a purely thermal origin for the ∼ 3 m surface bumps on pit walls and cliff-faces, hypothesized to be high-centred polygons formed from fracturing of the sintered shallow ice-bearing subsurface due to seasonal thermal expansion and contraction. Potential changes in 67P/CG's radar reflectivity at these at X- and S-bands can be associated with large-scale structural changes of the nucleus rather than small-scale textural ones. Monitoring changes in 67P/CG's radar properties during repeated close-approaches via Earth-based observations can constrain the dynamical evolution of its cometary nucleus.

Validation of Snow Multibands in the Comma Head of an Extratropical Cyclone Using a 40-Member Ensemble

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Connelly ◽  
Brian A. Colle
Keyword(s):  
Wrf Model ◽  
Initial Boundary ◽  
Ensemble Member ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Extratropical Cyclone ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Grid Spacing ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Future Work

Abstract This paper investigates the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model in simulating multiple small-scale precipitation bands (multibands) within the extratropical cyclone comma head using four winter storm cases from 2014 to 2017. Using the model output, some physical processes are explored to investigate band prediction. A 40-member WRF ensemble was constructed down to 2-km grid spacing over the Northeast United States using different physics, stochastic physics perturbations, different initial/boundary conditions from the first five perturbed members of the Global Forecast System (GFS) Ensemble Reforecast (GEFSR), and a stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS). It was found that 2-km grid spacing is adequate to resolve most snowbands. A feature-based verification is applied to hourly WRF reflectivity fields from each ensemble member and the WSR-88D radar reflectivity at 2-km height above sea level. The Method for Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) tool is used for identifying multibands, which are defined as two or more bands that are 5–20 km in width and that also exhibit a >2:1 aspect ratio. The WRF underpredicts the number of multibands and has a slight eastward position bias. There is no significant difference in frontogenetical forcing, vertical stability, moisture, and vertical shear between the banded versus nonbanded members. Underpredicted band members tend to have slightly stronger frontogenesis than observed, which may be consolidating the bands, but overall there is no clear linkage in ambient condition errors and band errors, thus leaving the source for the band underprediction motivation for future work.

Embedded Forensics

2010 ◽  
pp. 396-423
Author(s):  
Antonio Savoldi ◽  
Paolo Gubian
Keyword(s):  
Smart Card ◽  
Data Hiding ◽  
File System ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
System Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Digital Device ◽  
Main Building ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Memory Content

This chapter is aimed at introducing SIM and USIM card forensics, which pertains to the Small Scale Digital Device Forensics (SSDDF) (Harril, & Mislan, 2007) field. Particularly, we would like to pinpoint what follows. First, we will introduce the smart card world, giving a sufficiently detailed description regarding the main physical and logical main building blocks. Then we will give a general overview on the extraction of the standard part of the file system. Moreover, we will present an effective methodology to acquire all the observable memory content, that is, the whole set of files which represent the full file system of such devices. Finally, we will discuss some potential cases of data hiding at the file system level, presenting at the same time a detailed and useful procedure used by forensics practitioners to deal with such a problem.

Geologic Modeling of Eagle Ford Facies Continuity Based on Outcrop Images and Depositional Processes

SPE Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 1359-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejman Tahmasebi ◽  
Farzam Javadpour ◽  
Gregory Frébourg
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Order Statistics ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Higher Order Statistics ◽  
Eagle Ford ◽  
Long Range Correlations ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Wireline Logs

Summary Geologic modeling of mudrock reservoirs is complicated by the presence of multiscale heterogeneities and lithofacies lateral discontinuity. The resolution of wireline logs is also too low to capture many small-scale heterogeneities that affect fluid flow. In addition, the large distance between logged wells results in uncertain long-range correlations. Supplementary to wireline log data, high-resolution outcrop images offer a direct representation of detailed heterogeneities and lithofacies connectivity. We used high-resolution panoramic outcrop images to collect data on lithofacies heterogeneity and the role that depositional processes play in this heterogeneity. We then used these data in different classes of reservoir algorithms—two-point-based, object-based, and higher-order statistics—to build a geologic model. To present our methodology, we used data collected from Eagle Ford outcrops in west Texas. We found the higher-order-statistics method to be especially efficient, capable of reproducing details of heterogeneity and lithofacies connectivity.

scholarly journals Fragmented Agrarian Space: Building Blocks and Modernisation Trajectories. The Case of Slovenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Irma Potočnik Slavič
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Physical Constraints

Abstract Production, processing and consumption within Slovenian agrarian space are fragmented due to physical constraints (72.4% of the territory categorised as ANC) and socio-geographic factors. Based on available data, five essential building blocks of contemporary Slovenian agrarian space (available land, change management, integrated circular economy, adjustable policies, and flexibility of institutions) are discussed. Interrelations among the building blocks shape the modernisation trajectories of approx. 70,000 agricultural holdings in Slovenia. The coexistence of three modernisation trajectories, i.e. practised autarky, various forms of pluri-activity, and small-scale intensive and innovative modernisation, creates a complex mosaic. The governance of multifunctional and multi-structured agrarian space is becoming more demanding.

External representation and the architecture of music: Children inventing and speaking about notations

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Pramling
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
External Representation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
External Representations ◽  
Geometrical Shapes ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Children's Attention ◽  
The Relationship

This study concerns children's representational knowledge, more specifically, their ‘invented notations’ of music. A small-scale empirical study of four 5-year-old children and their teachers working on the representation of music is reported. The challenges posed by the teachers and how the children respond to these challenges are analysed. The teachers challenge the children to explain their understanding and use contrast to direct children's attention towards distinctions and important terms in the domain of music. The children use coloured geometrical shapes on paper and a sequence of building blocks to represent music. By means of these visuospatial representations, sounding and conversing about them, the children are able to communicate their understanding of the relationship between representation (sign) and sound. The role of external representations in the development of children's musical knowledge is discussed.

Object-Based Metrics for Forecast Verification of Convective Development with Geostationary Satellite Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 3161-3178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rempel ◽  
Fabian Senf ◽  
Hartwig Deneke
Keyword(s):  
Object Identification ◽  
Geostationary Satellite ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Average Brightness ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Cloud Characteristics ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
Identification Techniques

Object-based metrics are adapted and applied to geostationary satellite observations with the evaluation of cloud forecasts in convective situations as the goal. Forecasts of the convection-permitting German-focused Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling (COSMO-DE) numerical model are transformed into synthetic observations using the RTTOV radiative transfer model, and contrasted with the corresponding real observations. Threshold-based segmentation techniques are applied to the fields for object identification. The statistical properties of the traditional measures cold cloud cover and average brightness temperature amplitude are contrasted to object-based metrics of spatial aggregation and object structure. Based on 59 case days from the summer half-years between 2012 and 2014, a variance decomposition technique is applied to the time series of the metrics to identify deficits in day-to-day, diurnal, and weather-regime-related variability of cold cloud characteristics in the forecasts. Furthermore, sensitivities of the considered metrics are discussed, which result from uncertainties in the satellite forward operator and from the choice of parameters in the object identification techniques.

Asymptotic Effect of Initial and Upstream Conditions on Turbulence

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. George
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Self ◽  
Asymptotic Independence ◽  
Small Scale

More than two decades ago the first strong experimental results appeared suggesting that turbulent flows might not be asymptotically independent of their initial (or upstream) conditions (Wygnanski et al., 1986, “On the Large-Scale Structures in Two-Dimensional Smalldeficit, Turbulent Wakes,” J. Fluid Mech., 168, pp. 31–71). And shortly thereafter the first theoretical explanations were offered as to why we came to believe something about turbulence that might not be true (George, 1989, “The Self-Preservation of Turbulent Flows and its Relation to Initial Conditions and Coherent Structures,” Advances in Turbulence, W. George and R. Arndt, eds., Hemisphere, New York, pp. 1–41). These were contrary to popular belief. It was recognized immediately that if turbulence was indeed asymptotically independent of its initial conditions, it meant that there could be no universal single point model for turbulence (George, 1989, “The Self-Preservation of Turbulent Flows and its Relation to Initial Conditions and Coherent Structures,” Advances in Turbulence, W. George and R. Arndt, eds., Hemisphere, New York, pp. 1–41; Taulbee, 1989, “Reynolds Stress Models Applied to Turbulent Jets,” Advances in Turbulence, W. George and R. Arndt, eds., Hemisphere, New York, pp. 29–73) certainly consistent with experience, but even so not easy to accept for the turbulence community. Even now the ideas of asymptotic independence still dominate most texts and teaching of turbulence. This paper reviews the substantial additional evidence - experimental, numerical and theoretical - for the asymptotic effect of initial and upstream conditions that has accumulated over the past 25 years. Also reviewed is evidence that the Kolmogorov theory for small scale turbulence is not as general as previously believed. Emphasis has been placed on the canonical turbulent flows (especially wakes, jets, and homogeneous decaying turbulence), which have been the traditional building blocks for our understanding. Some of the important outstanding issues are discussed; and implications for the future of turbulence modeling and research, especially LES and turbulence control, are also considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document