Saturated models of first-order many-valued logics

Free Variable ◽

Saturated Model ◽

General Notion ◽

First Order ◽

Saturated Models ◽

Abstract This paper is devoted to the problem of existence of saturated models for first-order many-valued logics. We consider a general notion of type as pairs of sets of formulas in one free variable that express properties that an element of a model should, respectively, satisfy and falsify. By means of an elementary chains construction, we prove that each model can be elementarily extended to a $\kappa $-saturated model, i.e. a model where as many types as possible are realized. In order to prove this theorem we obtain, as by-products, some results on tableaux (understood as pairs of sets of formulas) and their consistency and satisfiability and a generalization of the Tarski–Vaught theorem on unions of elementary chains. Finally, we provide a structural characterization of $\kappa $-saturation in terms of the completion of a diagram representing a certain configuration of models and mappings.

Ion-spray tandem mass spectrometry in peptide synthesis: Structural characterization of minor by-products in the synthesis of ACP(65–74)

Analytical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/0003-2697(92)90249-7 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 204 (2) ◽

pp. 335-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Martina Schnölzer ◽

Alun Jones ◽

Paul F. Alewood ◽

Stephen B.H. Kent

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Peptide Synthesis ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Bioactive potential and structural characterization of sulfated polysaccharides from Bullet tuna (Auxis Rochei) by-products

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.038 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 194 ◽

pp. 319-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mourad Jridi ◽

Maram Mezhoudi ◽

Ola Abdelhedi ◽

Soumaya Boughriba ◽

Walid Elfalleh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Bioactive Potential ◽

Structural characterization of ice XIX as the second polymorph related to ice VI

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21161-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tobias M. Gasser ◽

Alexander V. Thoeny ◽

A. Dominic Fortes ◽

Thomas Loerting

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Structural Model ◽

Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Nucleation Kinetics ◽

Icy Moons ◽

First Order ◽

Wide Range

AbstractIce polymorphs usually appear as hydrogen disorder-order pairs. Ice VI has a wide range of thermodynamic stability and exists in the interior of Earth and icy moons. Our previous work suggested ice β-XV as a second polymorph deriving from disordered ice VI, in addition to ice XV. Here we report thermal and structural characterization of the previously inaccessible deuterated polymorph using ex situ calorimetry and high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. Ice β-XV, now called ice XIX, is shown to be partially antiferroelectrically ordered and crystallising in a √2×√2×1 supercell. Our powder data recorded at subambient pressure fit best to the structural model in space group $$P\bar 4$$ P 4 ¯ . Key to the synthesis of deuterated ice XIX is the use of a DCl-doped D2O/H2O mixture, where the small H2O fraction enhances ice XIX nucleation kinetics. In addition, we observe the transition from ice XIX to its sibling ice XV upon heating, which proceeds via a transition state (ice VI‡) containing a disordered H-sublattice. To the best of our knowledge this represents the first order-order transition known in ice physics.

Structural characterization of 13C-enriched humins and alkali-treated 13C humins by 2D solid-state NMR

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c5gc00327j ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 4383-4392 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Ilona van Zandvoort ◽

Eline J. Koers ◽

Markus Weingarth ◽

Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx ◽

Marc Baldus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Solid State ◽

Solid State Nmr ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Nmr Techniques ◽

Complementary (2D) NMR techniques provide new insights into the molecular structure of humin by-products.

Potential Valorization of Hazelnut Shells through Extraction, Purification and Structural Characterization of Prebiotic Compounds: A Critical Review

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1197

Author(s):

Andrea Fuso ◽

Davide Risso ◽

Ginevra Rosso ◽

Franco Rosso ◽

Federica Manini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Structure ◽

Scale Up ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Hazelnut Shell ◽

Nutritional Effects ◽

Hazelnut Shells ◽

Hazelnuts are one of the most widely consumed nuts, but their production creates large quantities of by-products, especially shells, that could be upcycled into much more valuable products. Recent studies have shown that hazelnut shell hemicellulose is particularly rich in compounds that are potential precursors of xylooligosaccharides and arabino-xylooligosaccharides ((A)XOS), previously defined as emerging prebiotics very beneficial for human health. The production of these compounds on an industrial scale-up could have big consequences on the functional foods market. However, to produce (A)XOS from a lignocellulosic biomass, such as hazelnut shell, is not easy. Many methods for the extraction and the purification of these prebiotics have been developed, but they all have different efficiencies and consequences, including on the chemical structure of the obtained (A)XOS. The latter, in turn, is strongly correlated to the nutritional effects they have on health, which is why the optimization of the structural characterization process is also necessary. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the progress made by research in this field, so as to contribute to the exploitation of hazelnut waste streams through a circular economy approach, increasing the value of this biomass through the production of new functional ingredients.

New ultrastructural findings about Borrelia burgdorferi by cryofixation, negative staining, thin sectioning and scanning techniques

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160467 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

S. F. Hayes ◽

M. D. Corwin ◽

T. G. Schwan ◽

D. W. Dorward ◽

W. Burgdorfer

Keyword(s):

Lyme Disease ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Negative Staining ◽

Low Speed ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

Ultrastructural Findings

Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi strains by means of negative staining EM has become an integral part of many studies related to the biology of the Lyme disease organism. However, relying solely upon negative staining to compare new isolates with prototype B31 or other borreliae is often unsatisfactory. To obtain more satisfactory results, we have relied upon a correlative approach encompassing a variety EM techniques, i.e., scanning for topographical features and cryotomy, negative staining and thin sectioning to provide a more complete structural characterization of B. burgdorferi.For characterization, isolates of B. burgdorferi were cultured in BSK II media from which they were removed by low speed centrifugation. The sedimented borrelia were carefully resuspended in stabilizing buffer so as to preserve their features for scanning and negative staining. Alternatively, others were prepared for conventional thin sectioning and for cryotomy using modified procedures. For thin sectioning, the fixative described by Ito, et al.