scholarly journals The Modulation of Trehalose Metabolism by 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) During its Diapause Termination and Post-Termination Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Na Li ◽  
Yu-Bo Liu ◽  
Xue-Qin Xie ◽  
Jia-Ning Zhang ◽  
Wen-Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Adult Development ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ecdysone Receptor ◽  
Antheraea Pernyi ◽  
Diapause Termination ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Stress Protectant

Abstract Trehalose plays a crucial role in the diapause process of many insects, serving as an energy source and a stress protectant. Trehalose accumulation has been reported in diapause pupae of Antheraea pernyi; however, trehalose metabolic regulatory mechanisms associated with diapause termination remain unclear. Here, we showed that the enhanced trehalose catabolism was associated with an increase in endogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in hemolymph of A. pernyi pupae during their diapause termination and posttermination period. Injection of 20E increased the mRNA level of trehalase 1A (ApTre-1A) and trehalase 2 (ApTre-2) of A. pernyi diapause pupae in a dose-dependent manner but did not affect the mRNA level of trehalase 1B (ApTre-1B). Meanwhile, exogenous 20E increased the enzyme activities of soluble and membrane-bound trehalase, leading to a decline in hemolymph trehalose. Conversely, the expression of ApTre-1A and ApTre-2 were down-regulated after the ecdysone receptor gene (ApEcRB1) was silenced by RNA interference or by injection of an ecdysone receptor antagonist cucurbitacin B (CucB), which inhibits the 20E pathway. Moreover, CucB treatment delayed adult emergence, which suggests that ApEcRB1 might be involved in regulating pupal-adult development of A. pernyi by mediating ApTre-1A and ApTre-2 expressions. This study provides an overview of the changes in the expression and activity of different trehalase enzymes in A. pernyi in response to 20E, confirming the important role of 20E in controlling trehalose catabolism during A. pernyi diapause termination and posttermination period.

Hormonal regulation of prostaglandin F2 alpha receptor gene expression in mouse ovary

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. E686-E693
Author(s):  
J. Sugatani ◽  
Y. Masu ◽  
M. Nishizawa ◽  
K. Sakamoto ◽  
T. Houtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mouse Ovary ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression

In this study we examined regulation by pituitary gonadotropins of the prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) receptor gene expression in the mouse ovary. Administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to 35-day-old mice in the diestrus phase stimulated the ovary and enhanced the production of progesterone at 1 h PMSG also increased the ovarian PGF2 alpha receptor mRNA level in a time-dependent manner, reaching a sixfold maximum at 1 h. These actions of PMSG were mimicked by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and cholera toxin, all of which elevate intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). In situ hybridization revealed that PGF2 alpha receptor mRNA was localized to the corpus luteum, but the intensity of staining varied among corpora lutea in the same ovary. Exogenous PGF2 alpha inhibited the PMSG-stimulated progesterone production. These results demonstrate that gonadotropins may induce the expression of the PGF2 alpha receptor gene in luteal cells of the corpus luteum, probably by acting through a cAMP-mediated pathway, and that expression of the PGF2 alpha receptor may be functionally associated with the decrease in serum progesterone level.

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Peptide and FoxO Mediate the Trehalose Catabolism Enhancement during the Diapause Termination Period in the Chinese Oak Silkworm (Antheraea pernyi)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Ya-Na Li ◽  
Xiao-Bing Ren ◽  
Zhi-Chao Liu ◽  
Bo Ye ◽  
Zhen-Jun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Bovine Insulin ◽  
Antheraea Pernyi ◽  
Diapause Termination ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Trehalose Metabolism ◽  
Growth Factor Signalling ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Trehalose Accumulation ◽  
Termination Process

In insects, trehalose accumulation is associated with the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) pathway. However, whether insulin-like peptide is involved in the regulation of the trehalose metabolism during diapause termination remains largely unknown. This study assessed whether insulin-like peptide (ApILP) enhances the trehalose catabolism in the pupae of Antheraea pernyi during their diapause termination process. Injection of 10 μg of bovine insulin triggered diapause termination and synchronous adult eclosion in diapausing pupae. Moreover, treatment with bovine insulin increased the expression of trehalase 1A (ApTre-1A) and trehalase 2 (ApTre-2), as well as the activity of soluble and membrane-bound trehalase, resulting in a decline in trehalose levels in the haemolymph. Silencing ApILP via RNA interference significantly suppressed the expression of ApTre-1A and ApTre-2, thus leading to an increase in the trehalose concentration during diapause termination. However, neither injection with bovine insulin nor ApILP knockdown directly affected trehalase 1B (ApTre-1B) expression. Moreover, overexpression of the transcription factor forkhead box O (ApFoxO) induced an increase in trehalose levels during diapause termination; however, depletion of ApFoxO accelerated the breakdown of trehalose in diapausing pupae by increasing the expression of ApTre-1A and ApTre-2. The results of this study help to understand the contributions of ApILP and ApFoxO to the trehalose metabolism during diapause termination.

The Effects of Butyric Acid on the Differentiation, Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy of IPEC-J2 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Jianzhong Li ◽  
Huansheng Yang ◽  
Yulong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
M Phase ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Butyric acid (BT), a short-chain fatty acid, is the preferred colonocyte energy source. The effects of BT on the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of small intestinal epithelial cells of piglets and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Methods: In this study, it was found that 0.2-0.4 mM BT promoted the differentiation of procine jejunal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. BT at 0.5 mM or higher concentrations significantly impaired cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, BT at high concentrations inhibited the IPEC-J2 cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Results: Our results demonstrated that BT triggered IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis via the caspase8-caspase3 pathway accompanied by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-α production. BT at high concentrations inhibited cell autophagy associated with increased lysosome formation. It was found that BT-reduced IPEC-J2 cell viability could be attenuated by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190. Moreover, SB202190 attenuated BT-increased p38 MAPK target DDIT3 mRNA level and V-ATPase mRNA level that were responsible for normal acidic lysosomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, 1) at 0.2-0.4 mM, BT promotes the differentiation of IPEC-J2 cells; 2) BT at 0.5 mM or higher concentrations induces cell apoptosis via the p38 MAPK pathway; 3) BT inhibits cells autophagy and promotes lysosome formation at high concentrations.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of a membrane protein from rat erythrocytes which inhibits lysis by the membrane attack complex of rat complement

1992 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Hughes ◽  
S J Piddlesden ◽  
J D Williams ◽  
R A Harrison ◽  
B P Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Membrane Attack Complex ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibitory Protein ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Membrane Bound

The membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement in humans is regulated by several membrane-bound proteins; however, no such proteins have so far been described in other species. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a rat erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein of molecular mass 21 kDa which inserts into cell membranes and is a potent inhibitor of the rat MAC. This protein, here called rat inhibitory protein (RIP), was first partially purified by column chromatography from a butanol extract of rat erythrocyte membranes. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were raised against RIP and used for its affinity purification. Affinity-purified RIP was shown to inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the cobra venom factor (CVF)-mediated ‘reactive’ lysis of guinea pig erythrocytes by rat complement. Conversely, the anti-RIP MAbs 6D1 and TH9 were shown to markedly enhance the CVF-mediated lysis of rat erythrocytes by rat complement. RIP acted late in the assembly of the MAC (at or after the C5b-8 stage) and was releasable from the membranes of rat erythrocytes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. These features, together with its size, deglycosylation pattern and N-terminal amino acid sequence, lead us to conclude that RIP is the rat homologue of the human MAC-inhibitory protein CD59 antigen.

Partial Leptin Receptor Gene Deletion in Transgenic Mice Prevents Expression of the Membrane-Bound Isoforms Except for Ob-Rc

2000 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Reichart ◽  
Roland Kappler ◽  
Harry Scherthan ◽  
Eckhard Wolf ◽  
Mathias Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Membrane Bound

scholarly journals Developmental regulation of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and EcR-controlled gene expression during pharate-adult development of honeybees (Apis mellifera)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tathyana R. P. Mello ◽  
Aline C. Aleixo ◽  
Daniel G. Pinheiro ◽  
Francis M. F. Nunes ◽  
Márcia M. G. Bitondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Ecdysone Receptor ◽  
Pharate Adult

Relevance of IL7R genotype and mRNA expression in Dutch patients with multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Sombekke ◽  
LF van der Voort ◽  
JJ Kragt ◽  
JM Nielsen ◽  
H Guzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Interleukin 7 ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: The interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) has been recognized as a susceptibility gene for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Analysis of rs6897932 (the most strongly MS-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)), showed effects of genotype on the relative expression of membrane-bound to total amount of IL7R mRNA. Objective: We assessed the relevance of IL7R on MS phenotype (including clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters) at DNA and mRNA level in Dutch patients with MS. Methods: The genotype of rs6897932 was analyzed in 697 patients with MS and 174 healthy controls. The relevance of genotype and carriership of the C allele on MS phenotype (disease activity and severity, using clinical and MRI parameters) was assessed. In addition, relative gene expression of membrane-bound to total IL7R mRNA was analyzed with respect to disease phenotype in a subgroup of 95 patients with early relapsing MS. Results: In particular, homozygosity for the risk allele is a risk factor for MS in our population (ORCC vs CT and TT = 1.65 (95% CI: 1.18–2.30), two-sided p = 0.004). However, no effect of genotype or the relative expression of membrane-bound IL7R (presence of exon 6–7) to total amount of IL7R mRNA (presence of exon 4–5) was found on MS phenotype. Discussion: Homozygosity for the IL7R exon 6 rs6897932 C allele is associated with a higher risk for MS in our Dutch population. No effect was found of genotype or mRNA expression on disease phenotype.

scholarly journals Global Expression Profiling and Physiological Characterization of Corynebacterium glutamicum Grown in the Presence of l-Valine

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 2521-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lange ◽  
D. Rittmann ◽  
V. F. Wendisch ◽  
M. Bott ◽  
H. Sahm
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner

ABSTRACT Addition of l-valine (50 to 200 mM) to glucose minimal medium had no effect on the growth of wild-type Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 but inhibited the growth of the derived valine production strain VAL1 [13032 ΔilvA ΔpanBC(pJC1ilvBNCD)] in a concentration-dependent manner. In order to explore this strain-specific valine effect, genomewide expression profiling was performed using DNA microarrays, which showed that valine caused an increased ilvBN mRNA level in VAL1 but not in the wild type. This unexpected result was confirmed by an increased cellular level of the ilvB protein product, i.e., the large subunit of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), and by an increased AHAS activity of valine-treated VAL1 cells. The conclusion that valine caused the limitation of another branched-chain amino acid was confirmed by showing that high concentrations of l-isoleucine could relieve the valine effect on VAL1 whereas l-leucine had the same effect as valine. The valine-caused isoleucine limitation was supported by the finding that the inhibitory valine effect was linked to the ilvA deletion that results in isoleucine auxotrophy. Taken together, these results implied that the valine effect is caused by competition for uptake of isoleucine by the carrier BrnQ, which transports all branched-chained amino acids. Indeed, valine inhibition could also be relieved by supplementing VAL1 with the dipeptide isoleucyl-isoleucine, which is taken up by a dipeptide transport system rather than by BrnQ. Interestingly, addition of external valine stimulated valine production by VAL1. This effect is most probably due to a reduced carbon usage for biomass production and to the increased expression of ilvBN, indicating that AHAS activity may still be a limiting factor for valine production in the VAL1 strain.

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