scholarly journals Mating Systems of the Tree-Killing Bark Beetle Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Köbayashi ◽  
Etsuro Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Abstract Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) has caused mass mortality of fir (Abies spp. (Pinaceae)) forests across large areas of Russia in the past decade. More recently, mass mortality of A. veitchii  Lindl. due to P. proximus infestation has been reported in Japan. This bark beetle species traditionally has been considered to be polygynous because their galleries have multiple gallery arms, and because harem-polygyny is common in the tribe Polygraphini. Although the mating system(s) potentially could have a marked effect on their reproductive success and population dynamics, the reproductive behavior of the tree-killing bark beetle P. proximus has not been investigated in detail in a natural setting in Japan. We, therefore, investigated the number of males and females in a gallery and the number of gallery arms in Abies species in Japan. None of the galleries examined contained more than one male, and 57.2% of the galleries had multiple gallery arms, even though only 2.8% of the galleries contained two females. The findings showed that the typical mating system employed by P. proximus is monogyny and that this species constructs multiple gallery arms in each gallery. In addition, 70.4% of galleries in which the sex of adult beetles could be determined contained no males, and 26.6% contained no females, suggesting that P. proximus males and females re-emerge.

2. Mating systems, or who goes with whom, and for how long

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Males And Females

‘Mating systems, or who goes with whom, and for how long’ examines the variation in how males and females associate during the breeding season, ranging from brief couplings with multiple partners to lifelong monogamy. It also shows how the discovery that females mate with many partners, even in supposedly monogamous species such as songbirds, was made possible by modern genetic techniques. Variation in mating systems holds considerable implications for the operation of sexual selection. The way that animal mating systems have been explained historically is outlined before considering how a more contemporary understanding of genetic and social relationships has reshaped our thinking and how understanding a species’ mating system can have practical applications.

scholarly journals Mating system modulates mate selection in aphidophagous ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Saxena ◽  
Geetanjali Mishra ◽  
Omkar
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Mate ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTMate competition and selection of mates is strongly influenced by the organism’s mating system. Monogamous matings provide more benefits as compared to polygamous matings. However, it has been proven that in polygamous systems, females gain benefits from the males, therefore indulging in multiple mating, leading males to access maximum females. In zigzag ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus, mate choice has been studied on several pre-and postcopulatory factors. However, mate choice as a function of mating system is still remains untouched. In the present study, we hypothesised that the mating system modulates mate selection of beetles. Adults were held in different mating systems and then males and females were tested in mate choice trials. Polygynous males were more preferred over monogynous males. However, males preferred monandrous females over polyandrous females. In a second experiment, we also included relatedness as additional factor. In female mate choice trials, females preferred unrelated monogynous males which were earlier rejected over related polygynous and in male mate choice trials, males preferred unrelated polyandrous females over related monandrous females. The results were not confined only to mate choice but significant effect was also observed on time to commence mating, copulation duration, fecundity and percent egg viability.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Effective Number Of Breeders ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Polygynous Mating System

<em>Abstract</em>.—Attempts to infer mating systems in wild fish populations can be limited by the logistics of locating nests and thoroughly sampling offspring and potential participants. Captive populations are more easily evaluated but may exhibit modified behavior. We used microsatellites (17 loci) to determine parentage among production offspring and infer the mating system of raceway spawning Guadalupe Bass <em>Micropterus treculii</em>, which are part of a supplemental stocking program. Offspring were collected over the course of two production seasons (<em>n </em>= 303 and 492). Spawning activity was nonrandom, with respect to location and time in most compartments, and individuals that spawned were significantly larger, by length and weight, than individuals that did not. During the first year of captivity, significantly fewer males (21 of 60) than females (49 of 61) spawned. Inequalities between the number of nest locations used and the numbers of spawning males and females suggest that males recruited females to spawning sites. While most spawning females (61%) participated with a single mate, most spawning males (90%) participated with multiple females and only 3% of mating pairs were monogamous. This predominantly polygynous mating system contrasts with the primarily monogamous systems of wild congeners and resulted in an effective number of breeders (<em>N<sub>b</sub></em>) less than 30% of the number of penned broodfish. Quarantining particularly prolific males to separate pens during the second year of captivity had little effect on mating behavior, as other males filled their roles. This represents the first documentation of mate choice and fidelity in Guadalupe Bass and provides a template for expected reproductive behavior in a standard hatchery setting. Understanding mating systems, including the effects of captivity on behavior, should enhance restoration efforts, particularly when supplemental stocking programs are involved.

scholarly journals A new species of Tarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) associated with the bark beetle, Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from the Far East of Russia

Acarologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-687
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Far East ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
A New Species

Larvae, males and females of a new species from the minimax species-group, Tarsonemus striatus n. sp. (Acari: Tarsonemidae) are described from the galleries of, and phoretic on, the bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford, 1894 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Far East of Russia.

scholarly journals Mating System of Free-Ranging Dogs (Canis familiaris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Number Of Males

Fourteen females belonging to five groups were selected for the study of mating system in free-ranging domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) All the matings occurred between August and December with a peak in late monsoon months (September to November). Both males and females differed in their degree of attractiveness to the opposite sex. The duration of courting association increased with the number of courting males in an association. The females exhibited selectivity by readily permitting some males to mate and avoiding, or even attacking others, if they attempted to mount. Frequency of mounting in courting association increased with the number of males present. There was a positive correlation between the duration of courting association and the frequency of mounting. The young adult males were more likely to copulate successfully than the old adult males. There was a negative correlation between the number of males present in an association and the number of successful copulations. In this study, six types of mating (monogamy, polygyny, promiscuity, polyandry, opportunity and rape) were recorded. Mean (±S.E.) duration ofcopulatory tieswas 25.65 (±1.43) min. Several natural factors influencing the duration of copulatory ties were identified.

Reproductive behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Olzer ◽  
Rebecca L. Ehrlich ◽  
Justa L. Heinen-Kay ◽  
Jessie Tanner ◽  
Marlene Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Males And Females

Sex and reproduction lie at the heart of studies of insect behavior. We begin by providing a brief overview of insect anatomy and physiology, followed by an introduction to the overarching themes of parental investment, sexual selection, and mating systems. We then take a sequential approach to illustrate the diversity of phenomena and concepts behind insect reproductive behavior from pre-copulatory mate signalling through copulatory sperm transfer, mating positions, and sexual conflict, to post-copulatory sperm competition, and cryptic female choice. We provide an overview of the evolutionary mechanisms driving reproductive behavior. These events are linked by the economic defendability of mates or resources, and how these are allocated in each sex. Under the framework of economic defendability, the reader can better understand how sexual antagonistic behaviors arise as the result of competing optimal fitness strategies between males and females.

scholarly journals Physiological, Biochemical, and Growth Parameters of Fogera Cattle Calves to Heat Stress during Different Seasons in Sub-Humid Part of Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Michael Abera ◽  
Yesihak Yusuf Mummed ◽  
Mitiku Eshetu ◽  
Fabio Pilla ◽  
Zewdu Wondifraw
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
High Weight Gain ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Fogera cattle are among indigenous breeds of cattle in the northern part of Ethiopia. However, their response to heat stress (HS) under different seasonal variations has not been well investigated. This study was aimed to determine physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters of Fogera cattle calves to HS during dry season, short rainy, and long rainy. A total of 72 calves (24 for each season) that were 6 months of age with an equal number of males and females were evaluated for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters. Daily ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded two times per day during the study periods from which the daily average temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated. The study revealed higher AT and THI during dry and short seasons while higher RH was observed during the long rainy season. Physiological parameters except rectal temperature were affected by the seasons. Hematological parameters were also affected by season except for packed cell volume. Biochemical and growth parameters were also significantly affected by the seasons. THI was positively related with physiological but negatively with growth parameters. Thus, the THI value of 66 can be considered as optimum for high weight gain and normal physiological response to HS in Fogera cattle calves under their current production system.

Variation in reproductive success of male and female Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Jones ◽  
Jeffrey L. Van Zant ◽  
F. Stephen Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Bateman Gradient ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Columbian Ground Squirrels

The imbalanced reproductive success of polygynous mammals results in sexual selection on male traits like body size. Males and females might have more balanced reproductive success under polygynandry, where both sexes mate multiply. Using 4 years of microsatellite DNA analyses of paternity and known maternity, we investigated variation in reproductive success of Columbian ground squirrels, Urocitellus columbianus (Ord, 1815); a species with multiple mating by both sexes and multiple paternity of litters. We asked whether male reproductive success was more variable than that of females under this mating system. The overall percentage of confirmed paternity was 61.4% of 339 offspring. The mean rate of multiple paternity in litters with known fathers was 72.4% (n = 29 litters). Estimated mean reproductive success of males (10.27 offspring) was about thrice that of females (3.11 offspring). Even after this difference was taken into account statistically, males were about three times as variable in reproductive success as females (coefficients of variation = 77.84% and 26.74%, respectively). The Bateman gradient (regression slope of offspring production on number of successful mates) was significantly greater for males (βM = 1.44) than females (βF = 0.28). Thus, under a polygynandrous mating system, males exhibited greater variation in reproductive success than females.

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