scholarly journals Integrated Tick Management in Guilford, CT: Fipronil-Based Rodent-Targeted Bait Box Deployment Configuration and Peromyscus leucopus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) Abundance Drive Reduction in Tick Burdens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A Linske ◽  
Scott C Williams ◽  
Kirby C Stafford ◽  
Andrew Y Li
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Integrated Tick Management ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Tick Burden

Abstract Integrated tick management (ITM) is a comprehensive strategy used to reduce presence of ticks and their associated pathogens. Such strategies typically employ a combination of host and non-host targeted treatments which often include fipronil-based, rodent-targeted bait boxes. Bait boxes target small-bodied rodents, specifically white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque) that not only play a crucial role in the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae)) life cycle, but also in the transmission of numerous pathogens, primarily Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), the causal agent of Lyme disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of bait box deployment configuration on tick burden reduction while also further exploring bait consumption and P. leucopus abundances as measures of bait box usage and effectiveness. Boxes were deployed on nine properties within each of six neighborhoods (n = 54) in two different configurations: grid and perimeter. Multiple factors were analyzed as potential predictors for reduction in tick burdens using a backward stepwise selection procedure. Results confirmed the perimeter configuration was a more effective deployment strategy. In addition, overall P. leucopus abundance was a significant predictor of tick burden reduction while bait consumption was not. These findings not only further support the recommended perimeter deployment configuration but provide insight into effective utilization in areas of high P. leucopus abundance. The identification of this significant relationship, in addition to configuration, can be utilized by vector control professionals and homeowners to make informed decisions on bait box placement to make sustained impacts on the I. scapularis vector and associated pathogens within an ITM framework.

scholarly journals Geometric performance parameters of three-point hitch linkage system of a 2WD Indian tractor

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Kumar Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Pivot Point ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Weight Transfer ◽  
Insight Into

Geometric performance parameters of three-point hitch system of a most sold model of a 2-wheel drive Indian tractor were determined by generating the path of upper and lower hitch points by kinematic linkage analysis. At various locations of pivot point of upper link and adjustments in the length of lift rods, hitch linkage system of the tractor fulfilled all the requirements specified by the standards for category-I and II hitches. An insight into the kinematic linkage analysis revealed that the hitch linkage of the selected tractor is the most suitable for operations with soil working implements. Attachment of upper link to the topmost pivot point reduced the change in orientation of implement during lifting and ensured better weight transfer from implement to the rear axle of tractor. The kinematic linkage analysis has the potential to identify the best settings of the hitch linkage system for the effective utilization of tractor power during various farm operations.

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in Selected Forms of Glomerulonephritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Nalewajska ◽  
Klaudia Gurazda ◽  
Ewa Styczyńska-Kowalska ◽  
Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec ◽  
Andrzej Pawlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Insight Into

Glomerulonephritis (GN) represents a collection of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation within the renal glomeruli and small blood vessels. The lesions that occur in other nephron structures mainly result from the harmful effects of proteinuria. In recent years, an emphasis has been placed on gaining a better insight into the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of GN in order to facilitate diagnoses and provide efficient and targeted treatments of the disease. Owing to the advanced molecular and genetic diagnostic techniques available today, researchers have been able to elucidate that most cases of GN are determined by genetic risk factors and are associated with the abnormal functioning of the immune system (the immunologically mediated forms of GN). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of single-stranded, non-coding molecules, approximately 20 nucleotides in length, that act as regulatory factors in the post-transcriptional processes capable of regulating the expression of multiple genes. In this paper we present the available research aiming to determine effects of miRNAs on the development and progression of GN and discuss the potential role of miRNAs as new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Effects of physical impairments on fitness correlates of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1962) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca I. Rubino ◽  
Kelly Oggenfuss ◽  
Richard S. Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Physical impairments are widely assumed to reduce the viability of individual animals, but their impacts on individuals within natural populations of vertebrates are rarely quantified. By monitoring wild populations of white-footed mice over 26 years, we assessed whether missing or deformed limbs, tail or eyes influenced the survival, body mass, movement and ectoparasite burden of their bearers. Of the 27 244 individuals monitored, 543 (2%) had visible physical impairments. Persistence times (survival) were similar between mice with and without impairments. Mice with eye and tail impairments had 5% and 6% greater mass, respectively, than unimpaired mice. Mice with tail impairments had larger home ranges than did unimpaired mice. Burdens of black-legged ticks ( Ixodes scapularis ) were higher among mice with tail and limb impairments while burdens of bot fly larvae ( Cuterebra ) were higher among mice with cataracts compared to mice without impairments. Our findings do not support the presupposition that physical impairments reduce viability in their bearers and are inconsistent with the devaluation of impaired individuals that pervaded early thinking in evolutionary biology.

scholarly journals Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Model and Security Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Devi T ◽  
Ganesan R
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Platform As A Service ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Service Delivery Models ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Delivery Models ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Cloud computing is making a big revolution in the field of information technology thereby reducing capital expenditures spent. Computing is delivered as a service enabling effective utilization of computational resources. Certain security issues exist which prevents individuals and industries from using clouds despite its advantages. Resolving such problems may increase the usage of cloud thereby reducing the amount spent for resources. The paper focuses on one of the three service delivery models, Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS). PaaS model, layers in PaaS and PaaS providers are described along with the security issues encountered in PaaS clouds. The issues along with solutions discussed provide an insight into PaaS security for both providers and users which may help in future PaaS design and implementation.</p>

scholarly journals Efficacy of a low dose fipronil bait against blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) larvae feeding on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) under laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Poché ◽  
Gregory Franckowiak ◽  
Tyler Clarke ◽  
Batchimeg Tseveenjav ◽  
Larisa Polyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Blacklegged Tick ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

scholarly journals Causes and Consequences of Tick (Ixodes scapularis) Burdens on White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Ostfeld ◽  
M. C. Miller ◽  
K. R. Hazler
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus

scholarly journals Unexpected winter questing activity of ticks in the Central Midwestern United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259769
Author(s):  
Ram K. Raghavan ◽  
Zoe L. Koestel ◽  
Gunavanthi Boorgula ◽  
Ali Hroobi ◽  
Roman Ganta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Winter Activity ◽  
Questing Activity ◽  
Gulf Coast Tick ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Insight Into

Unexpected questing activity of ticks was noted during the winter months of January and February in the Central Midwestern states of Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. From nine geographically distinct locations, four species of ticks were collected using the flagging method, of which the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, was most abundant, followed by the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, the Gulf coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, and the Black legged tick, Ixodes scapularis. More A. americanum nymphs were caught questing than male or female adults. The winter activity of these medically important ticks in this region poses concern for public health and offers an insight into future tick activity in light of ongoing climate change. More studies on the seasonality of these tick species, and how different climate parameters affect their seasonal activity in this region are warranted and would be expected to benefit for both human and veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals WAITING FOR THE US GRAND STRATEGY ON CHINA. A SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE US–CHINA SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION IN 2002-2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-244
Author(s):  
Adam KUBIAK
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chinese Industries

The article is a summary of works of almost two decades of the US-China Security Review Commission. As the US Congress notices the challenges posed by China to a wide spectrum of US interests and orders the US President to develop a comprehensive strategy on China, author highlights that such an awareness was already present among US officials much earlier. Article focuses on three key areas, i.e.: geostrategic posture, military posture and technological development, anticipating, that most of the problem defined by the Commission in these areas have not been eliminated and are most likely to be observed by the creator of the upcoming strategy. Author argues that China has a significant advantage over US, resulting from two major factors. First, its the inflow of capital followed by inflow of US technologies to Chinese industries and businesses. Second, it’s the centrally planned and governed Chinese system that allows CCP to steer the economy and society with higher predictability, as opposed to freedom-based economy on the US side, which is independent of the Congressional/Administrational guidance. The article’s overall goal is to allow readers a better insight into the Presidential Strategy on China, which is to be published 180 days from the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2019.

Integrated Tick Management in South Central Wisconsin: Impact of Invasive Vegetation Removal and Host-Targeted Acaricides on the Density of Questing Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T Mandli ◽  
Xia Lee ◽  
Gebbiena M Bron ◽  
Susan M Paskewitz
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Vegetation Removal ◽  
South Central ◽  
Integrated Tick Management ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

Abstract As tick-borne disease incidence increases and pathogens expand into new areas, the need for effective tick management strategies is paramount. In this 5-yr study (2014–2018) conducted in south central Wisconsin, we assessed whether an integrated tick management approach, deployed during peak tick activity (May–August), was more effective at reducing black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae)), than individual interventions. Using a factorial design, invasive vegetation removal (Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii Ruprecht (Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae) and common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica Linnaeus (Rosales: Rhamnaceae)) was coupled with deployments of permethrin-treated cotton nesting materials (tick tubes) that target the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque (Rodentia: Cricetidae)). Results show that the probability of encountering a larval tick by drag sampling was unaffected by treatments at the cumulative 5-yr level. However, vegetation removal significantly reduced larval encounters in 2014, 2015, and 2018, by 33%, 57%, and 61% respectively, and reduced the density of questing nymphal (DON) ticks by 45% in 2015 compared to controls. Despite the limited effect on DON, vegetation removal significantly reduced the cumulative 5-yr density of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto infected nymphs (DIN) (70%) compared to controls as a result of decreased nymphal infection prevalence. Sites treated with tick tubes had lower DIN (66%) and DON (54%) across the study and nymphs were reduced every year following the initial year of deployment compared to controls. Combining treatments did not further reduce DIN or DONs. We conclude that long-term integration of tick tubes with invasive vegetation removal does not provide additional benefit over individual treatments alone.

Waiting for the US Grand Strategy on China. A Summary of Findings and Recommendations of the US-China Security Review Commission in 2002–2018.

2019 ◽  
Vol 696 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Adam Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Comprehensive Strategy ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chinese Industries

The article is a summary of works of almost two decades of the US-China Security Review Commission. As the US Congress notices the challenges posed by China to a wide spectrum of US interests and orders the US President to develop a comprehensive strategy on China, author highlights that such an awareness was already present among US officials much earlier. Article focuses on three key areas, i.e.: geostrategic posture, military posture and technological development, anticipating, that most of the problem defined by the Commission in these areas have not been eliminated and are most likely to be observed by the creator of the upcoming strategy. Author argues that China has a significant advantage over US, resulting from two major factors. First, its the inflow of capital followed by inflow of US technologies to Chinese industries and businesses. Second, it’s the centrally planned and governed Chinese system that allows CCP to steer the economy and society with higher predictability, as opposed to freedom-based economy on the US side, which is independent of the Congressional/ Administrational guidance.<br/>The article’s overall goal is to allow readers a better insight into the Presidential Strategy on China, which is to be published 180 days from the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2019.

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