Effects of Amino Acid Imbalance and Protein Content of Diets on Food Intake and Preference of Young, Adult, and Diabetic Rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Peng ◽  
L. L. Meliza ◽  
M. G. Vavich ◽  
A. R. Kemmerer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance

Effect of amino acid imbalance on food intake and preference

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Sanahuja ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Protein Free Diet

Effects of an amino acid imbalance, caused by adding 3.8% of an amino acid mixture lacking histidine to a diet containing 6% of beef fibrin, on the food intake and food preference of protein-depleted rats are described. After being depleted, animals fed the balanced or imbalanced diets ate equal amounts for 3 days, then both growth rate and food intake of those fed the imbalanced diet dropped. When protein-depleted rats were fed the balanced or imbalanced diet together with a protein-free diet, neither group ate the protein-free diet during the first 3 days. Thereafter, animals fed the imbalanced diet began to eat the protein-free diet in preference to the imbalanced diet, even though the latter would support growth and the former would not. Animals fed ad libitum the balanced diet or the imbalanced diet plus histidine did not eat the protein-free diet at all. These observations indicate that both food intake and food selection are influenced by the amino acid pattern of the diet.

Amino Acid Imbalance and Diet Preference in the Hypothalamic–Hyperphagic Rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Arakawa ◽  
B. R. Standal ◽  
J. R. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Diet Preference ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Satiety Center

Diet selection by control and hypothalamic–hyperphagic rats was recorded to examine the hypothesis that the plasma amino acid pattern may act as a satiety signal with respect to the decreased food intake associated with amino acid unbalanced diets. Rats were offered choices between: (a) protein-free and imbalanced diets; (b) imbalanced and corrected diets; (c) corrected and basal diets. Although selection by control and operated rats differed with respect to choice a, selection behaviors were comparable for choices b and c. Plasma amino acid patterns were similar in control and operated rats indicating that the same potential satiety signal was present in both groups. Since the "satiety center" was ablated in operated rats, it would seem that if plasma amino acid patterns serve as a satiety signal, this signal must act in some manner other than on the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus.

Serotonin and feeding responses of rats to amino acid imbalance: initial phase

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. R763-R771 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Gietzen ◽  
Q. R. Rogers ◽  
P. M. Leung ◽  
B. Semon ◽  
T. Piechota
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Serotonin Turnover ◽  
Initial Depression ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Made In

The role of serotonin in the anorexic response of rats to an amino acid-imbalanced diet was investigated. After chronic depletion of serotonin with parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT, 200 micrograms/rat, intracisternally), initial intake of a mild isoleucine-imbalanced diet was reduced by 60% vs. a 17% reduction after saline injection. After acute treatment with the agonist, quipazine (quip, 5 mg/kg ip) or the precursor, tryptophan (TRP, 1% added to the diet), imbalanced diet intake was also exacerbated. PCPA and DHT may have caused receptor supersensitivity, such that the food intake depression after serotonin depletion was similar to that seen with the quip and TRP treatments. Injection of the autoreceptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 500 micrograms/kg sc), to reduce transmission in the serotonergic systems resulted in an attenuation of the usual food intake depression of the amino acid-imbalanced diet (only a 7%, nonsignificant reduction). Also measurements made in the absence of pharmacological treatment showed that the ratio 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid-to-serotonin, a putative index of serotonin turnover, was increased 155% in the raphe nuclei and 140% in the hippocampus 3.5 h after ingestion of the mild isoleucine-imbalanced diet. Therefore increased serotonergic activity in some brain areas may be associated with the initial depression of food intake in rats fed an imbalanced amino acid diet.

Anorectic responses to dietary amino acid imbalance: effects of vagotomy and tropisetron

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. R1922-R1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Washburn ◽  
J. C. Jiang ◽  
S. L. Cummings ◽  
K. Dixon ◽  
D. W. Gietzen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Vagal Function

We investigated the roles of the vagus nerve and the serotonin3 (5-HT3) receptor in mediating the food intake depression associated with amino acid deficiency. The food intake of sham-operated (sham) rats given an isoleucine-imbalanced (IMB) diet was reduced to < 40% of control basal (BAS) diet intake (P = 0.0009), and pretreatment with the 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (Trop) increased IMB intake by twofold over the vehicle (VEH)-treated group (P < or = 0.0001), as we have reported before. However, after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAGX), IMB intake was increased to a level intermediate between the sham-VEH and sham-Trop groups, while administration of Trop did not increase IMB intake over VAGX alone. By the end of day 1, the VAGX-Trop group had eaten only 1 g more of IMB than the VAGX-VEH group (NS). We conclude that 1) the vagus is among the physiological systems involved in the anorectic responses to IMB and 2) intact vagal function is necessary for the full effect of 5-HT3 antagonists in alleviating the anorectic responses to IMB.

EFFECT OF INCREASED METABOLISM AND OF HYPERPHAGIA ON DIETARY AMINO ACID IMBALANCE IN THE RAT

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance

In male Wistar rats, the effects of cold exposure (6 °C) on dietary amino acid imbalances were investigated. In agreement with the previous observation of Klain et al., exposure to cold throughout the experimental period (28 days) prevented the decreased food intake and body weight gain observed at 24 °C in rats fed a 6% fibrin diet supplemented with 0.4% DL-methionine and 0.6% DL-phenylalanine. It was also observed that subsequent exposure to cold eliminated these effects of an existing- imbalance previously induced at: 24 °C. With a 10% fibrin diet supplemented with 0.6% DL-methionine and 0.9% DL-phenylalanine, no pronounced effect attributable to an amino acid imbalance was observed at 24 °C. It is concluded that exposure to cold prevents the deleterious effects of an amino acid imbalance superimposed on a 6% protein diet, and subsequent exposure to cold eliminates these effects of an existing imbalance, L-Thyroxine, injected daily at a level of 30 μg/100 g body weight, simulated cold exposure in that it caused an increased food intake in rats fed a 6% fibrin – unbalanced diet. In hypothalamic-hyperphagic rats, a deleterious effect of a 6% fibrin – imbalanced diet was apparent initially; after 10 days' feeding, lesioned rats fed a 6% fibrin diet ceased to gain weight whereas those fed the imbalanced diet continued to do so.

Effect of dietary amino acid pattern on plasma amino acid pattern and food intake

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Sanahuja ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance

Effects of a dietary imbalance of amino acids on the plasma amino acid pattern of the protein-depleted rat are described. The amino acid imbalance was created by adding a mixture of indispensable amino acids lacking histidine to a diet in which the protein was provided by 6% of beef blood fibrin. The addition of this amino acid mixture was previously shown to cause depressions in growth and food intake. In the present study the depression in food intake was preceded by a fall in plasma histidine concentration and at the same time the concentrations of some of the other indispensable amino acids, especially threonine, began to rise. The ratios of several indispensable amino acids to histidine in the plasma were elevated when food intake was most severely depressed.

Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Javelle ◽  
Descartes Li ◽  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Tryptophan ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract. Emotion-related impulsivity, defined as the tendency to say or do things that one later regret during periods of heightened emotion, has been tied to a broad range of psychopathologies. Previous work has suggested that emotion-related impulsivity is tied to an impaired function of the serotonergic system. Central serotonin synthesis relies on the intake of the essential amino acid, tryptophan and its ability to pass through the blood brain barrier. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between emotion-related impulsivity and tryptophan intake. Methods: Undergraduate participants (N = 25, 16 women, 9 men) completed a self-rated measure of impulsivity (Three Factor Impulsivity Index, TFI) and daily logs of their food intake and exercise. These data were coded using the software NutriNote to evaluate intakes of tryptophan, large neutral amino acids, vitamins B6/B12, and exercise. Results: Correlational analyses indicated that higher tryptophan intake was associated with significantly lower scores on two out of three subscales of the TFI, Pervasive Influence of Feelings scores r =  –.502, p < . 010, and (lack-of) Follow-Through scores, r =  –.407, p < . 050. Conclusion: Findings provide further evidence that emotion-related impulsivity is correlated to serotonergic indices, even when considering only food habits. It also suggests the need for more research on whether tryptophan supplements might be beneficial for impulsive persons suffering from a psychological disorder.

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