scholarly journals Caco-2 Cell Iron Uptake from Meat and Casein Digests Parallels in Vivo Studies: Use of a Novel in Vitro Method for Rapid Estimation of Iron Bioavailability

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Glahn ◽  
Elizabeth M. Wien ◽  
Darrell R. van Campen ◽  
Dennis D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Rapid Estimation

Diminished iron acquisition by cells and tissues of Belgrade laboratory rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. R220-R224 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Farcich ◽  
E. H. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Iron Transfer ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Iron Deficient

Iron uptake from transferrin by a variety of cells and tissues of homozygous Belgrade laboratory rats was compared with heterozygotes, and normal and iron-deficient Wistar rats. In all cases the results for homozygous Belgrade rats were lower than for the other animals. The maximal rate of iron uptake by fibroblasts cultured in vitro and iron passage to homozygous fetuses in utero was less than 60% of control values. In vivo studies of 15-day-old Belgrade rats revealed a defect in the homozygotes with reduced iron transfer to heart, liver, brain, and femurs. In addition, adult Belgrade laboratory rats had impaired intestinal iron absorption compared with the genetically normal animals. It is concluded that the defect in iron metabolism in the Belgrade laboratory rat is a ubiquitous one that affects transport of iron across membranes of many types of cells, resulting in low intracellular iron levels. This suggests that the genetic defect leads to a widely expressed abnormality in the structure and/or function of a membrane carrier for iron.

A Statistical Basis for Using Fewer Rabbits in Dermal Irritation Testing

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil S. Hatoum ◽  
Chester L. Leach ◽  
Daniel M. Talsma ◽  
Robert D. Gibbons ◽  
Paul J. Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Dermal Irritation

An acceptable and validated in vitro method to evaluate the potential of a chemical to cause dermal irritation does not exist; therefore, in vivo studies remain the only alternative. Currently most laboratories utilize 6 rabbits per test, but this group size may not be necessary to derive the desired information. Data generated from 6-rabbit skin irritation tests of 105 materials were used to determine the ability of irritation scores from all possible combinations of 5-, 4-, 3-, or 2-rabbit subsets to predict the Draize score derived from 6 rabbits. There are 630, 1575, 2108, and 1575 possible combinations of 105 studies for the 5-, 4-, 3-, and 2-rabbit subseta, respectively. We classify materials using a four-level adjectival rating system based on (among other factors) the Draize score, Comparisons indicated that the 5-, 4-, 3-, and 2-rabbit scores were in 96, 94, 91, and 88% agreement, respectively, with the classification assigned on the basis of the 6-rabbit score. The correlation coefficients for randomly selected subsets of 5-, 4-, 3-, and 2-rabbit scores versus the 6-rabbit Draize score were 0.996, 0.994, 0.986, and 0.977, respectively. This study indicated that 3 rabbits per test group allow for adequate assessment of the dermal irritation potential of a chemical. These results also conformed closely to those obtainetd from a previous statistical study using eye irritancy data from 155 chemicals, where 3-rabbit subsets were 94% predictive of the 6-rabbit tests.

scholarly journals Lemon Juice, Sesame Paste, and Autoclaving Influence Iron Bioavailability of Hummus: Assessment by an In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Doumani ◽  
Isabelle Severin ◽  
Laurence Dahbi ◽  
Elias Bou-Maroun ◽  
Maya Tueni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Hadamard Matrix ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Promising Source

Hummus, an iron-containing plant-based dish mainly made from chickpea purée, tahini, lemon juice and garlic, could be a valuable source of iron when bioavailable. Since the processing and formulation of food influence iron bioavailability, the present study investigated for the first time, their effects on hummus. Firstly, iron bioaccessibility was assessed on eight samples (prepared according to the screening Hadamard matrix) by in vitro digestion preceding iron dialysis. Then, iron bioavailability of four selected samples was estimated by the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Total and dialyzable iron were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry and ferritin formation was determined using an ELISA kit. Only autoclaving, among other processes, had a significant effect on iron bioaccessibility (+9.5, p < 0.05). Lemon juice had the highest positive effect (+15.9, p < 0.05). Consequently, the effect of its acidic components were investigated based on a full factorial 23 experimental design; no significant difference was detected. Garlic’s effect was not significant, but tahini’s effect was negative (−8.9, p < 0.05). Despite the latter, hummus had a higher iron bioavailability than only cooked chickpeas (30.4 and 7.23 ng ferritin/mg protein, respectively). In conclusion, hummus may be a promising source of iron; further in vivo studies are needed for confirmation.

Further Validation of an in Vitro Method to Reduce the Need for in Vivo Studies for Measuring the Absorption of Chemicals through Rat Skin

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-492
Author(s):  
R. C. SCOTT ◽  
P. L. BATTEN ◽  
H. M. CLOWES ◽  
B. K. JONES ◽  
J. D. RAMSEY
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
In Vitro Method

In vitro and in vivo studies of new cationic Zn(II)‐benzonaphthoporphyrazines as photosensitizers for PDT

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
M. Peeva ◽  
M. Shopova ◽  
U. Michelsen ◽  
D. Wöhrle ◽  
G. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies

Effect of caffeine on theophyliine on cerebral blood flow response to brain activation: In vitro and in vivo studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S198-S198
Author(s):  
Joseph R Meno ◽  
Thien-son K Nguyen ◽  
Elise M Jensen ◽  
G Alexander West ◽  
Leonid Groysman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Blood Flow Response ◽  
Flow Response

A in Vivo Assay for Standardizing Heparin Preparations

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 576-582
Author(s):  
A R Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
British Pharmacopoeia ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Standard Preparation ◽  
Reliable Estimation ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Heparin Preparation

SummaryThe limitations of currently used in vitro assays of heparin have demonstrated the need for an in vivo method suitable for routine use.The in vivo method which is described in this paper uses, for each heparin preparation, four groups of five mice which are injected intravenously with heparin according to a “2 and 2 dose assay” procedure. The method is relatively rapid, requiring 3 to 4 hours to test five heparin preparations against a standard preparation of heparin. Levels of accuracy and precision acceptable for the requirements of the British Pharmacopoeia are obtained by combining the results of 3 to 4 assays of a heparin preparation.The similarity of results obtained the in vivo method and the in vitro method of the British Pharmacopoeia for heparin preparations of lung and mucosal origin validates this in vivo method and, conversely, demonstrates that the in vitro method of the British Pharmacopoeia gives a reliable estimation of the in vivo activity of heparin.

Effects of Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins on Platelet Thromboxane Biosynthesis “In Vivo”

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 942-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Landolfi ◽  
Erica De Candia ◽  
Bianca Rocca ◽  
Giovanni Ciabattoni ◽  
Armando Antinori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Heparin Administration ◽  
To Receive

SummarySeveral “in vitro” and “in vivo” studies indicate that heparin administration may affect platelet function. In this study we investigated the effects of prophylactic heparin on thromboxane (Tx)A2 biosynthesis “in vivo”, as assessed by the urinary excretion of major enzymatic metabolites 11-dehydro-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2. Twenty-four patients who were candidates for cholecystectomy because of uncomplicated lithiasis were randomly assigned to receive placebo, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin or unfractionaed heparin plus 100 mg aspirin. Measurements of daily excretion of Tx metabolites were performed before and during the treatment. In the groups assigned to placebo and to low molecular weight heparin there was no statistically significant modification of Tx metabolite excretion while patients receiving unfractionated heparin had a significant increase of both metabolites (11-dehydro-TxB2: 3844 ± 1388 vs 2092 ±777, p <0.05; 2,3-dinor-TxB2: 2737 ± 808 vs 1535 ± 771 pg/mg creatinine, p <0.05). In patients randomized to receive low-dose aspirin plus unfractionated heparin the excretion of the two metabolites was largely suppressed thus suggesting that platelets are the primary source of enhanced thromboxane biosynthesis associated with heparin administration. These data indicate that unfractionated heparin causes platelet activation “in vivo” and suggest that the use of low molecular weight heparin may avoid this complication.

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