scholarly journals The Influence of Feeding Frequency on Growth and Body Condition of the Common Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 1979S-1981S ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Priestley ◽  
Abigail E. Stevenson ◽  
Lucille G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals De Novo assembly of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) genome and the evolution of genes after whole genome duplication

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelin Chen ◽  
Yoshihiro Omori ◽  
Sergey Koren ◽  
Takuya Shirokiya ◽  
Takuo Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Whole Genome Duplication ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Draft Sequence ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
The Common

SummaryFor over a thousand years throughout Asia, the common goldfish (Carassius auratus) was raised for both food and as an ornamental pet. Selective breeding over more than 500 years has created a wide array of body and pigmentation variation particularly valued by ornamental fish enthusiasts. As a very close relative of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish shares the recent genome duplication that occurred approximately 14-16 million years ago (mya) in their common ancestor. The combination of centuries of breeding and a wide array of interesting body morphologies is an exciting opportunity to link genotype to phenotype as well as understanding the dynamics of genome evolution and speciation. Here we generated a high-quality draft sequence of a “Wakin” goldfish using 71X PacBio long-reads. We identified 70,324 coding genes and more than 11,000 non-coding transcripts. We found that the two sub-genomes in goldfish retained extensive synteny and collinearity between goldfish and zebrafish. However, “ohnologous” genes were lost quickly after the carp whole-genome duplication, and the expression of 30% of the retained duplicated gene diverged significantly across seven tissues sampled. Loss of sequence identity and/or exons determined the divergence of the expression across all tissues, while loss of conserved, non-coding elements determined expression variance between different tissues. This draft assembly also provides an important resource for comparative genomics with the very commonly used zebrafish model (Danio rerio), and for understanding the underlying genetic causes of goldfish variants.

scholarly journals GENETIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS OF SOME NEW COLOR MUTANTS IN THE GOLDFISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Takao Kajishima
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Crossing Experiments ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Color Mutant ◽  
The Common ◽  
Developmental Analysis

ABSTRACT The genotypes of three color mutants in goldfish: a depigmentation character of larval melanophores, albinism and a recessive-transparent character, were analyzed by crossing experiments. The depigmentation character in the common goldfish is controlled by two dominant multiple genes, Dp 1 and Dp2, and only fish with double recessive alleles dp1dp1 dp2dp2 can retain larval melanophores throughout life. Albinism is also controlled by double autosomal genes, p and c. The genotype of an albino fish is represented by pp cc; the non-albino fish is PP CC. Fish with either a pp CC or pp Cc genotype are albino when scored at the time of melanosome differentiation in the pigment retina, but after the time of skin melanophore differentiation, they change to the nonalbino type under the control of the C gene. The recessive-transparent character is controlled by a single autosomal gene, g. The mechanisms of gene expression of these characters were proposed as a result of observation and/or experimental data on the differentiation processes of their phenotypes, and the genotypes of these color mutant goldfish were considered in relation to the "gene duplication hypothesis in the Cyprinidae."

Feeding ration and frequency influences growth, feed utilization and body composition of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit S. Belsare ◽  
Hukam Singh Dhaker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

To establish an effective feeding regime for Carassius auratus, this experiment investigated the effects of feeding ration and feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization and body composition in juvenile C. auratus (Initial weight: 1.66 ± 0.018 g). A 4 × 4 experimental design of four ration sizes (2, 3, 4 and 5% body weight per day [BW/day]) with four feeding frequencies (1, 2, 3 and 4 meals/day) was carried out over 8 weeks with three replicates per treatment. The results showed that weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with the feeding ration from 2% BW/day to 3% BW/day and feeding frequency from 1 meal/day to 4 meals/day. Similarly feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly better (P less than 0.05) at feeding ration of 3% BW/day than 4 and 5% BW/day at 4 meals/day than 1, 2 or 3 meals/day. SGR, FCR and PER further reduced when feeding ration was increased beyond 3% BW/day. Lipid content improved with the increased feeding frequency at all feeding rations, however feeding frequency did not exhibit a significant effect on crude protein level (P>0.05). Moisture content of body showed an opposite trend to lipid content and decreased with increase in feeding frequency. In conclusion, feeding ration of 3% BW/day and feeding frequency of 4 meals/ day was found to be better for maximal growth and feed utilization of young ones of C. auratus.

Morphine uptake, disposition, and analgesic efficacy in the common goldfish (Carassius auratus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Newby ◽  
M. P. Wilkie ◽  
E. D. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
The Common

The purposes of the present study were to examine the rate of morphine uptake in goldfish ( Carassius auratus (L., 1758)) when administered via the water, to calculate the pharmacokinetics of morphine when administered intraperitoneally, and to determine whether morphine could act as an analgesic. When administered via the water, morphine uptake was very slow, and the concentration accumulated in the plasma was <1% of that in water after 2 h. Furthermore, changing water pH or hardness caused small changes in morphine uptake from the water, but plasma levels remained <1% of water concentrations after 2 h exposure. The pharmacokinetics of morphine administered intraperitoneally (40 mg/kg) revealed a half-time for elimination of 37 h and a mean residence time of 56 h. Finally, morphine acted as an analgesic when administered via the water as demonstrated by significantly decreased rubbing behaviour in response to the presence of a noxious stimulus (subcutaneous injection of 0.7% acetic acid). Although morphine appeared to have analgesic properties in goldfish, morphine administered via ambient water is not recommended because of its slow rate of uptake.

scholarly journals De novo assembly of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) genome and the evolution of genes after whole-genome duplication

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. eaav0547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelin Chen ◽  
Yoshihiro Omori ◽  
Sergey Koren ◽  
Takuya Shirokiya ◽  
Takuo Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Whole Genome Duplication ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Draft Sequence ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Conserved Noncoding Elements

For over a thousand years, the common goldfish (Carassius auratus) was raised throughout Asia for food and as an ornamental pet. As a very close relative of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish share the recent genome duplication that occurred approximately 14 million years ago in their common ancestor. The combination of centuries of breeding and a wide array of interesting body morphologies provides an exciting opportunity to link genotype to phenotype and to understand the dynamics of genome evolution and speciation. We generated a high-quality draft sequence and gene annotations of a “Wakin” goldfish using 71X PacBio long reads. The two subgenomes in goldfish retained extensive synteny and collinearity between goldfish and zebrafish. However, genes were lost quickly after the carp whole-genome duplication, and the expression of 30% of the retained duplicated gene diverged substantially across seven tissues sampled. Loss of sequence identity and/or exons determined the divergence of the expression levels across all tissues, while loss of conserved noncoding elements determined expression variance between different tissues. This assembly provides an important resource for comparative genomics and understanding the causes of goldfish variants.

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