scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Affect the Gut Microbiome—The Link to Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (9) ◽  
pp. 1402-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa M Tindall ◽  
Kristina S Petersen ◽  
Penny M Kris-Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

Abstract Clusters of bacterial species within the gut microenvironment, or gut enterotype, have been correlated with cardiometabolic disease risk. The metabolic products and metabolites that bacteria produce, such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and trimethylamine, may also affect the microbial community and disease risk. Diet has a direct impact on the gut microenvironment by providing substrates to and promoting the colonization of resident bacteria. To date, few dietary patterns have been evaluated for their effect on the gut microbiome, but the Mediterranean diet and Vegetarian diets have shown favorable effects for both the gut microbiome and cardiometabolic disease risk. This review examines the gut microbiome as a mediator between these dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease risk.

scholarly journals The gut microbiome modulates the protective association between a Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic disease risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-343
Author(s):  
Dong D. Wang ◽  
Long H. Nguyen ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Protective Association ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

scholarly journals Microbiome—Microbial Metabolome—Cancer Cell Interactions in Breast Cancer—Familiar, but Unexplored

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit Mikó ◽  
Tünde Kovács ◽  
Éva Sebő ◽  
Judit Tóth ◽  
Tamás Csonka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide. Dysbiosis, an aberrant composition of the microbiome, characterizes breast cancer. In this review we discuss the changes to the metabolism of breast cancer cells, as well as the composition of the breast and gut microbiome in breast cancer. The role of the breast microbiome in breast cancer is unresolved, nevertheless it seems that the gut microbiome does have a role in the pathology of the disease. The gut microbiome secretes bioactive metabolites (reactivated estrogens, short chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites, or secondary bile acids) that modulate breast cancer. We highlight the bacterial species or taxonomical units that generate these metabolites, we show their mode of action, and discuss how the metabolites affect mitochondrial metabolism and other molecular events in breast cancer. These metabolites resemble human hormones, as they are produced in a “gland” (in this case, the microbiome) and they are subsequently transferred to distant sites of action through the circulation. These metabolites appear to be important constituents of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss how bacterial dysbiosis interferes with breast cancer treatment through interfering with chemotherapeutic drug metabolism and availability.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome Modifies the Protective Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Against Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1597-1597
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Long Nguyen ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

Abstract Objectives We aim to test whether the effects of different diets on an individual's cardiometabolic disease risk could be modified by the personalized nature of the gut microbiome. Methods We analyzed 925 shotgun metagenomes and 340 metatranscriptomes, dietary information longitudinally collected by food frequency questionnaires during nearly three decades, and biomarkers of glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation measured on blood samples in a cohort of 307 men. A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) index was applied to quantify each participant's adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. To evaluate each participant's cardiometabolic disease risk, we derived a composite score that summarized levels of biomarkers. Results We demonstrate that the MedDiet was associated with the abundances of phylogenetically diverse gut microbes, including both prevalent broadly anaerobic fermenters and more niche- and subject-specific biochemical specialists. A higher adherence to the MedDiet was positively associated with the abundances of major dietary fiber metabolizers, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium eligens, and Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, but inversely associated with abundances of Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium leptum and Collinsella aerofaciens. The gut microbiomes of participants with greater MedDiet adherence were enriched for bacterial metabolism including plant-derived polysaccharide degradation, short-chain fatty acid production, and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the MedDiet index was positively associated with the transcription of several microbial enzymes involved in the degradation of pectin. Notably, our study, for the first time, identified a significant interaction between a healthy dietary pattern and the gut microbiome in relation to the cardiometabolic disease risk (P-value for interaction = 0.02). We found that better adherence to a MedDiet was specifically associated with lower cardiometabolic disease risk among participants with greater abundance of Prevotella copri. Conclusions Our findings have the potential to inform more effective and precise dietary approaches for the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health and STARR Cancer Consortium.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers are altered in severe mental disorders independent of comorbid cardiometabolic disease risk factors – ERRATUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1758-1758
Author(s):  
Ragni H. Mørch ◽  
Ingrid Dieset ◽  
Ann Færden ◽  
Elina J. Reponen ◽  
Sigrun Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

scholarly journals Distinct phenotypic characteristics of normal-weight adults at risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-978
Author(s):  
Abishek Stanley ◽  
John Schuna ◽  
Shengping Yang ◽  
Samantha Kennedy ◽  
Moonseong Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
White Men ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Distinct Phenotype ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

ABSTRACT Background The normal-weight BMI range (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) includes adults with body shape and cardiometabolic disease risk features of excess adiposity, although a distinct phenotype developed on a large and diverse sample is lacking. Objective To identify demographic, behavioral, body composition, and health-risk biomarker characteristics of people in the normal-weight BMI range who are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases based on body shape. Methods Six nationally representative waist circumference index (WCI, weight/height0.5) prediction formulas, with BMI and age as covariates, were developed using data from 17,359 non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, and Mexican-American NHANES 1999–2006 participants. These equations were then used to predict WCI in 5594 NHANES participants whose BMI was within the normal weight range. Men and women in each race/Hispanic-origin group were then separated into high, medium, and low tertiles based on the difference (residual) between measured and predicted WCI. Characteristics were compared across tertiles; P values for significance were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results Men and women in the high WCI residual tertile, relative to their BMI and age-equivalent counterparts in the low tertile, had significantly lower activity levels; higher percent trunk and total body fat (e.g. NH white men, X ± SE, 25.3 ± 0.2% compared with 20.4 ± 0.2%); lower percent appendicular lean mass (skeletal muscle) and bone mineral content; and higher plasma insulin and triglycerides, higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (e.g. NH white men, 1.45 ± 0.07 compared with 1.08 ± 0.06), and lower plasma HDL cholesterol. Percent leg fat was also significantly higher in men but lower in women. Similar patterns of variable statistical significance were present within sex and race/ethnic groups. Conclusions Cardiometabolic disease risk related to body shape in people who are normal weight according to BMI is characterized by a distinct phenotype that includes potentially modifiable behavioral health risk factors.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hills ◽  
Benjamin Pontefract ◽  
Hillary Mishcon ◽  
Cody Black ◽  
Steven Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Prebiotic Fiber

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders and colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence in Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden of care. Dietary patterns and environmental factors have a profound effect on shaping gut microbiota in real time. Diverse populations of intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through the fermentation of dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with important roles in lipid homeostasis and reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that an individual’s starting microbial profile is a key determinant in predicting their response to intervention with live probiotics. The gut microbiota is complex and challenging to characterize. Enterotypes have been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla, and the relative abundance of beneficial genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition and relative populations of bacterial species are linked to physiologic health along different axes. We review the role of diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, and prebiotic fiber in maintaining healthy gut flora. The implications are discussed for various conditions including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, and cardiovascular disease.

Establishing A Step Per Day to Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factor Dose-response

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Shawn S. Rockey ◽  
Christopher M. Dorozynski ◽  
Steven Bischoff ◽  
Derek T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease Risk

scholarly journals The Prebiotic Inulin Beneficially Alters the Gut Microbiome and Associated Metabolites in an APOE4 Mouse Model (P08-133-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Yanckello ◽  
Jared Hoffman ◽  
Ishita Parikh ◽  
Jessie Hoffman ◽  
Stefan Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Objectives The APOE4 allele is a genetic risk factor for certain diseases, due in part to alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism. The gut microbiota is also known to impact metabolic and can be beneficially modulated by prebiotics. Prebiotics are fermented into metabolites by the gut microbiota. These metabolites act as gut-brain axis components. However, the interaction of the APOE4 allele, gut microbiota, and prebiotics are unknown. The goal of the study was to use prebiotic diet to restore the gut microbiome of mice with human APOE4 (E4FAD) genes. We hypothesized that the microbial compositions of E4 mice fed inulin, compared to control fed, will correlate to metabolites being produced by the microbiome that confer benefit to host metabolism. Methods At 3 months of age the E4FAD mice were fed for 4 months with either control or inulin diet. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to determine gut microbiota diversity and species variations; non-targeted UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS analysis was used to determine metabolic profiles of blood. Results The inulin fed mice showed a more beneficial microbial taxa profile than those mice that were control fed. Control mice showed higher levels of dimethylglycine, choline, creatine and the polyamine spermine. Higher levels of spermine, specifically, correlate to higher levels of the Proteobacteria which has been implicated in GI disorders. E4 inulin fed mice showed higher levels of bile acids, short chain fatty acids and metabolites involved in energy, increased levels of tryptophan metabolites and robust increases in sphingomyelins. Specifically in E4 inulin fed mice we saw increases in certain genera of bacteria, all of which have been implicated in being beneficial to the composition of the microbiome and producing one or more of the above mentioned metabolites. Conclusions We believe the disparities of microbial metabolite production between E4 inulin fed mice and E4 control fed mice can be attributed to differences in certain taxa that produce these metabolites, and that higher levels of these taxa are due to the dietary intervention of inulin. Despite the APOE4 allele increasing one's risk for certain diseases, we believe that beneficially modulating the gut microbiota may be one way to enhance host metabolism and decrease disease risk over time. Funding Sources NIH/NIDDK T323048107792, NIH/NIA R01AG054459, NIEHS/NIH P42ES007380. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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