Association of soybean-based food with the prevalence of anemia among reproductive aged men and women in rural Central Java, Indonesia

Objective To assess the association between soybean consumption and anemic status in Central Java, Indonesia. Design As part of an overarching sanitation improvement intervention in Central Java, Indonesia, we conducted a cross-sectional study in four rural villages. The study consisted of a 24-hour food recall, anthropometric measurements, blood hemoglobin measurement and stool sampling to test for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection status. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to test the association between soybean consumption and anemic status after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, STH infection, dietary diversity and anthropometric status. Setting This study took place in four rural villages of Wonosobo regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Participants Participants were rural villagers aged between 15 and 49 years. Results A total sample size of 763 was attained, of which 231 were anemic. The prevalence of anemia was 30.2% among men and women of reproductive age, and highest among young males. Consumption of soybean was high (79.8%). After adjusting for covariates, the protective association between soybean consumption and anemia was statistically significant (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30-0.95, p<0.05). There was a positive association with anemia among underweight (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.13-6.69, p<0.05) and those with high diet diversity (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.00-1.97, p<0.05). Conclusions Our results were consistent with studies from other countries finding a protective association between soybean consumption and anemia. This association appeared stronger for tofu than for tempeh. The prevalence of anemia in rural Central Java is relatively consistent with nationwide statistics indicating that interventions targeting anemia are still largely required.

Protective association exhibited by a single nucleotide polymorphism of the IFIH1 gene in patients with psoriasis: A case-control study

Introducción La psoriasis es una dermatosis inflamatoria crónica, con presentación clínica variable y cuya etiología involucra un componente genético importante. Alrededor del mundo se han descrito múltiples variaciones genéticas asociadas a la enfermedad. Sin embargo, en población colombiana se desconocen estas variantes. En este estudio se evalúa el polimorfismo de nucleótido único rs10930046 (His460Arg) en el gen IFIH1 y su asociación con el desarrollo de psoriasis en población colombiana. Además, se caracteriza a los individuos demográfica y clínicamente. Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional de casos y controles, no pareado, que incluyó 51 individuos con psoriasis y 151 controles poblacionales, todos de ancestría paisa (proveniente de la región de Antioquia) auto reportada. A todos los individuos se les realizó genotipificación del polimorfismo de nucleótido único rs10930046 (His460Arg) en el gen IFIH1 y se les determinó la asociación con la enfermedad. Se caracterizaron demográficamente ambos grupos y los casos clínicamente. Resultados Se encontró que los casos presentaron una menor frecuencia del polimorfismo de nucleótido único rs10930046 (His460Arg) en el gen IFIH1 en relación a los controles, 5 versus 22,67% respectivamente, con un análisis de asociación alélico. No hubo diferencias significativas en edad ni en sexo. La psoriasis vulgar fue la variante de presentación más común (78%). Alrededor de la mitad de los casos presentaron psoriasis ungular (56%), en menor frecuencia artritis psoriásica (19,6%) y el 45% de los casos tuvo alguna comorbilidad. Conclusiones Los resultados obtenidos confirman que los portadores del polimorfismo de nucleótido único rs10930046 (His460Arg) en el gen IFIH1, presentan un riesgo disminuido de desarrollar psoriasis.

Outcomes of Living Kidney Donor Candidates and Living Kidney Recipient Candidates with JC Polyomavirus and BK Polyomavirus Viruria

Introduction. Recent data have emerged about a protective association between JCV viruria and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Material and Methods. Single-center retrospective cohort study; 230 living kidney donors (LKD) candidates and 59 potential living kidney receptors (LKR) were enrolled. Plasma and urinary JCV and BKV viral loads were measured in all LKD candidates and in nonanuric LKR candidates. Twenty-six living kidney transplant surgeries were performed. LKR were followed in order to evaluate BKV and JCV viremia and urinary viral shedding after KT. Results. In LKD candidates, JCV viruria was negatively associated with proteinuria of >200 mg/24 hours (JC viruric LKD: 12.5% vs JCV nonviruric LKD: 26.7%, p = 0.021 , OR:0.393; 95% CI: 0.181–0.854). In a multivariate analysis, LKD candidates with JCV viruria had a lower risk of proteinuria of >200 mg/24 hours ( p = 0.009 , OR: 0.342, 95% CI: 0.153–0.764), in a model adjusted for age, gender, presence of hypertension, and eGFR <80 mL/min. Prevalence of JCV viruria was higher in LKD candidates when compared with LKR candidates (40.0% vs 1.7%, p < 0.001 ). Among the 26 LKR, 14 (53.8%) KT patients evolved with JCV viruria; 71.4% received a graft from a JCV viruric donor. Conclusion. Our data corroborate the recent findings of an eventual protective association between JCV viruria and kidney disease, and we extrapolated this concept to a South European population.

Urine drug screen positive for cocaine and amphetamine is not an adverse risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in trauma

BackgroundUrine drug screening (UDS) is a component of trauma workup and of perioperative risk evaluation. Illicit stimulant use has been associated with cardiovascular complications. This study investigates the impact of stimulant use and its interaction with surgery on cardiovascular complications in trauma patients.MethodsPatients were identified from the 2017 National Trauma Data Bank. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the effect of amphetamine and cocaine on mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. We evaluated three subsets: all screened patients, those who underwent surgery, and those whose surgery was immediate. Significance was tested with χ2 test for categorical variables, Student’s t-test for continuous variables, and logistic regression for multivariate analysis.Results317 688 (32.1%) patients underwent UDS. Multivariate analysis showed protective association between cocaine and mortality OR 0.9 (p=0.028). Cocaine was a non-significant predictor of MI and stroke: OR 0.63 (p=0.065) and 0.91 (p=0.502), respectively. Amphetamine was a non-significant predictor of mortality, MI, and stroke: OR 0.97 (p=0.405), 0.80 (p=0.283), and 1.02 (p=0.857), respectively.On univariate analysis, amphetamine showed a protective association with MI for all screened patients: relative risk (RR) 0.58 (p=0.005), and for surgical patients: RR 0.58 (p=0.019). Amphetamine showed a protective association with mortality for all three subsets: RR 0.83 (p<0.001), 0.78 (p<0.001), and 0.71 (p<0.001), respectively. Cocaine showed a protective association with MI for all screened patients: RR 0.45 (p=0.001), and for surgical patients: RR 0.44 (p=0.005). Cocaine showed a protective association with mortality for all three subsets: RR 0.76 (p<0.001), 0.71 (p<0.001), and 0.63 (p<0.001), respectively.DiscussionUDS positive for cocaine or amphetamine is not an adverse risk factor in trauma, including trauma patients who underwent surgery. The apparent protective effects of illicit drugs warrant further investigation.Level of evidenceTherapeutic/care management, level IV.

STORYTELLING AND THE HIGH COUNTRY: READING LYNG V. NORTHWEST INDIAN CEMETERY PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION (1988)

In Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association, 485 U.S. 439 (1988), the Supreme Court declared constitutional the Forest Service's development plan in an area of the Six Rivers National Forest (known as the High Country) that is central to the religious practice of the Yurok, Karuk, and Tolowa Nations. The Court admitted that “[i]t is undisputed that the Indian respondents’ beliefs are sincere and that the Government's proposed actions will have severe adverse effects on the practice of their religion” (447). Nevertheless, because the disputed area was on public land, the Court thought that the government should be allowed to manage its property in any way it saw fit, regardless of the severe adverse effects on the religious practice of the local Indigenous nations. In this article, I read materials from the trial that led to the Lyng decision, focusing on the Indigenous witnesses and their testimony that has been largely ignored in the Lyng decision. The U.S. legal framework of free exercise does not allow the courts to fully consider the stories told by the Indigenous witnesses in trial. A law-and-literature approach allows me, though, to tell a different story about the High Country, one that centers Indigenous knowledge and sovereignty.