scholarly journals Lipolysis and Fat Oxidation Are Not Altered with Presleep Compared with Daytime Casein Protein Intake in Resistance-Trained Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany R Allman ◽  
Margaret C Morrissey ◽  
Jeong-Su Kim ◽  
Lynn B Panton ◽  
Robert J Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Full Body

ABSTRACT Background To date, no studies have directly compared the differences between presleep and daytime protein (PRO) consumption on localized and systemic fat metabolism in active women. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of presleep compared with daytime PRO supplementation on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) lipolysis and whole-body substrate utilization in women. Methods Thirteen young (mean ± SE age: 22 ± 1 y; BMI: 24.3 ± 0.8 kg/m2), resistance-trained [1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat percentage of body weight: 135% ± 6%; 1RM bench press percentage of body weight: 82% ± 4%] women volunteered. On overnight experimental visits, participants performed full-body resistance exercise (RE; 65% 1RM) and were randomly assigned to consume either daytime PRO (PRO, 30 g casein) 30 min post-RE and presleep (30 min before bed) noncaloric, sensory-matched placebo (PLA, 0 g casein) (PRO-PLA), or the opposite (PLA-PRO), switching the order of the supplements on the following visit. SCAAT lipolysis, resting metabolism (indirect calorimetry), and plasma biomarkers (glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, glycerol) were measured at baseline, overnight, and the next morning. Results There were no differences in overnight SCAAT lipolysis between conditions indicated by interstitial glycerol concentrations (PRO-PLA: baseline, 669 ± 137; next morning, 321 ± 77.1; PLA-PRO: baseline, 524 ± 109; next morning, 333 ± 68.0 μM), fat oxidation (PRO-PLA: baseline, 5.70 ± 0.35; next morning, 5.00 ± 0.28; PLA-PRO: baseline, 6.59 ± 0.32; next morning, 5.44 ± 0.27 g/min), or any other measure. Conclusions There was no difference between the effects of daytime and presleep PRO supplementation on SCAAT lipolysis or whole-body substrate utilization in resistance-trained women. Presleep PRO is a viable option for increasing PRO consumption in resistance-trained women because it does not blunt overnight lipolysis, and will therefore likely not lead to increases in subcutaneous abdominal fat. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03573687.

scholarly journals Fat metabolism and acute resistance exercise in trained women

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany R. Allman ◽  
Margaret C. Morrissey ◽  
Jeong-Su Kim ◽  
Lynn B. Panton ◽  
Robert J. Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue

This study investigated the effect of acute full-body resistance exercise [RE; one set of 10 repetitions at 40% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and three sets of 10 repetitions at 65% 1RM] on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) lipolysis and whole body substrate oxidation in young (age: 22 ± 1 yr), normal-weight and body fatness (body mass index: 20 ± 1 kg/m2; %body fat: 28.7 ± 1.4%), resistance-trained women. Microdialysis was used to measure SCAAT lipolysis at baseline, mid-RE, post-RE, and 30 min post-RE, and indirect calorimetry was used to measure whole body substrate oxidation at baseline and immediately post-RE in 13 women. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glycerol, growth hormone (GH), epinephrine (Epi), and norepinephrine (NE) were measured at baseline, mid-RE, and post-RE. Lipolysis (dialysate glycerol concentration) was elevated post-RE (baseline: 596.7 ± 82.8, post-RE: 961.4 ± 116.3 µM, P = 0.01). Energy expenditure (baseline: 1,560 ± 49; post-RE: 1,756 ± 68 kcal/day; P = 0.02) and fat oxidation (baseline: 5.64 ± 0.24; post-RE: 7.57 ± 0.41 g/h; P = 0.0003) were elevated post-RE. GH (baseline: 513.1 ± 147.4; mid-RE: 1,288.3 ± 83.9; post-RE: 1,522.8 ± 51.1 pg/ml, P = 0.000), Epi (baseline: 23.2 ± 2.7; mid-RE: 92.5 ± 16.6; post-RE: 84.5 ± 21.4 pg/ml, P = 0.000), and NE (baseline: 139.2 ± 13.6; mid-RE: 850.9 ± 155.3; post-RE: 695.3 ± 93.5 pg/ml, P = 0.000) were higher at mid-RE and post-RE. Therefore, one of the potential mechanisms behind RE-induced fat mass changes in resistance-trained women may be in part due to the accumulated effect of transient increases in SCAAT lipolysis, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure, mediated by GH, Epi, and NE release.

scholarly journals The Effect of a 2-Week Red Ginseng Supplementation on Food Efficiency and Energy Metabolism in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726
Author(s):  
Hyejung Hwang ◽  
Jisu Kim ◽  
Kiwon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Metabolism Regulation

Red ginseng (RG) ingestion reportedly affects body weight, food intake, and fat accumulation reduction. It also induces changes in energy metabolism regulation and glycemic control. Previously, 2-week RG ingestion with endurance training was found to enhance fat oxidation during exercise. However, such effects on energy metabolism and the expression of mRNAs related to energy substrate utilization in resting mice (untrained mice) are still unclear. Here, we determined the effect of RG on energy metabolism and substrate utilization in untrained male mice. Twenty-four mice were separated into an RG group that received a daily dosage of 1 g/kg RG for 2 weeks, and a control (CON). Energy expenditure, blood and tissue glycogen levels, and expression of mRNAs related to energy substrate utilization in muscles were measured before and 2 weeks after treatment. Total food intake was significantly lower in the RG than in the CON group (p < 0.05), but final body weights did not differ. Carbohydrate and fat oxidation over 24 h did not change in either group. There were no significant differences in gastrocnemius GLUT4, MCT1, MCT4, FAT/CD36, and CPT1b mRNA levels between groups. Thus, the effects of RG ingested during rest differ from the effects of RG ingestion in combination with endurance exercise; administering RG to untrained mice for 2 weeks did not change body weight and energy metabolism. Therefore, future studies should consider examining the RG ingestion period and dosage for body weight control and improving energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Impact Of Dehydration To 3% Body Weight On A Full Body Resistance Training Protocol

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
Justin Kraft ◽  
James M. Green ◽  
Phillip A. Bishop ◽  
Mark T. Richardson ◽  
Yasmine Neggers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Training Protocol ◽  
Full Body

scholarly journals Impaired mitochondrial fat oxidation induces adaptive remodeling of muscle metabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (25) ◽  
pp. E3300-E3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawna E. Wicks ◽  
Bolormaa Vandanmagsar ◽  
Kimberly R. Haynie ◽  
Scott E. Fuller ◽  
Jaycob D. Warfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Deprivation

The correlations between intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and insulin resistance have led to the hypothesis that impaired FAO causes accumulation of lipotoxic intermediates that inhibit muscle insulin signaling. Using a skeletal muscle-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 KO model, we show that prolonged and severe mitochondrial FAO inhibition results in increased carbohydrate utilization, along with reduced physical activity; increased circulating nonesterified fatty acids; and increased IMCLs, diacylglycerols, and ceramides. Perhaps more importantly, inhibition of mitochondrial FAO also initiates a local, adaptive response in muscle that invokes mitochondrial biogenesis, compensatory peroxisomal fat oxidation, and amino acid catabolism. Loss of its major fuel source (lipid) induces an energy deprivation response in muscle coordinated by signaling through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) to maintain energy supply for locomotion and survival. At the whole-body level, these adaptations result in resistance to obesity.

scholarly journals Fat metabolism in formerly obese women

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. E155-E161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ranneries ◽  
Jens Bülow ◽  
Benjamin Buemann ◽  
Niels Juel Christensen ◽  
Joop Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Fat Mobilization

An impaired fat oxidation has been implicated to play a role in the etiology of obesity, but it is unclear to what extent impaired fat mobilization from adipose tissue or oxidation of fat is responsible. The present study aimed to examine fat mobilization from adipose tissue and whole body fat oxidation stimulated by exercise in seven formerly obese women (FO) and eight matched controls (C). Lipolysis in the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose tissue, whole body energy expenditure (EE), and substrate oxidation rates were measured before, during, and after a 60-min bicycle exercise bout of moderate intensity. Lipolysis was assessed by glycerol release using microdialysis and blood flow measurement by 133Xe clearance technique. The FO women had lower resting EE than C (3.77 ± 1.01 vs. 4.88 ± 0.74 kJ/min, P < 0.05) but responded similarly to exercise. Adipose tissue glycerol release was twice as high in FO than in C at rest (0.455 ± 0.299 vs. 0.206 ± 0.102 μmol ⋅ 100 g−1 ⋅ min−1, P < 0.05) but increased similarly in FO and C in response to exercise. Despite higher plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in FO ( P < 0.001), fat oxidation rates during rest and recovery were lower in FO than in C (1.32 ± 0.84 vs. 3.70 ± 0.57 kJ/min, P < 0.02) and fat oxidation for a given plasma NEFA concentration was lower at rest ( P < 0.001) and during exercise ( P = 0.01) in the formerly obese group. In conclusion, fat mobilization both at rest and during exercise is intact in FO, whereas fat oxidation is subnormal despite higher circulation NEFA levels. The lower resting EE and the failure to use fat as fuel contribute to a positive fat balance and weight gain in FO subjects.

scholarly journals Gravity center estimation for evaluation of standing whole body compensation using virtual barycentremetry based on biplanar slot-scanning stereoradiography - validation by simultaneous force plate measurement

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Hasegawa ◽  
Celia Amabile ◽  
Matthieu Nesme ◽  
Jean Dubousset
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Gravity Line ◽  
Full Body

Abstract Background Whole body standing alignment (WBSA) in terms of biomechanics can be evaluated accurately only by referring the gravity line (GL) which lies on the gravity center (GC). Here, we introduce a method for estimating GL and simultaneous WBSA measurement using the EOS® imaging system and report on the reproducibility and reliability of the method. Methods A 3-dimensional (3D) avatar to estimate GC was created following three steps: 3D reconstruction of the bone based on EOS images; deformation into a generic morphotype (MakeHuman statistical model) before density integration with 3D rasterization of the full body into 1-mm3 voxels (the content of each voxel is considered homogeneous); computation of the density of all the voxels provides the center of mass, which can be projected onto the floor as the GC of the full body, providing the GL in relation to the WBSA. The repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy of the estimated GC and body weight of the avatar were compared with clinical estimation using a force plate in healthy volunteers and patients with degenerative and deformative diseases. Results Statistical analyses of the data revealed that the repeatability and reproducibility of the estimation was high with intra-rater and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient. ≥0.999. The coordinate values of the GC and body weight estimation did not differ significantly between the avatar and force plate measurements, demonstrating the high accuracy of the method. Conclusion This new method of estimating GC and WBSA is reliable and accurate. Application of this method could allow clinicians to quickly and qualitatively evaluate WBSA with GL with various spinal malalignment pathologies.

Long‐Term High Salt Consumption Decreases Body Weight and Fat Accumulation in Mice in Association with Increased Energy Expenditure and Whole‐body Fat Oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Mutchler ◽  
Mahpara Hasan ◽  
Megan M. Mutchler ◽  
Bingxian Xie ◽  
Amanda Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Salt Consumption

Endurance training and GH administration in elderly women: effects on abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. E886-E897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange ◽  
Jeanne Lorentsen ◽  
Fredrik Isaksson ◽  
Anders Juul ◽  
Michael Højby Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipolysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue

In the present study, the effect of endurance training alone and endurance training combined with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) administration on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis was investigated. Sixteen healthy women [age 75 ± 2 yr (mean ± SE)] underwent a 12-wk endurance training program on a cycle ergometer. rhGH was administered in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design in addition to the training program. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis was estimated by means of microdialysis combined with measurements of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF; 133Xe washout). Whole body fat oxidation was estimated simultaneously by indirect calorimetry. Before and after completion of the training program, measurements were performed both at rest and during 60 min of continuous cycling at a workload corresponding to 60% of pretraining peak oxygen uptake. Endurance training alone did not affect subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis either at rest or during exercise, as reflected by identical levels of interstitial adipose tissue glycerol, subcutaneous abdominal ATBF, and plasma nonesterified fatty acids before and after completion of the training program. Similarly, no effect on subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue lipolysis was observed when combining endurance training with rhGH administration. However, in both the placebo and the GH groups, fat oxidation was significantly increased during exercise performed at the same absolute workload after completion of the training program. We conclude that the changed lipid metabolism during exercise observed after endurance training alone or after endurance training combined with rhGH administration is not due to alterations in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue metabolism in elderly women.

Evaluation of a New Preparation of Urokinase

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
C.R.M Prentice ◽  
K.M Rogers ◽  
G.P McNicol
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Initial Dose ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fibrinolytic Agent ◽  
Thromboplastic Activity

SummaryThe pharmacological effect of a new preparation of urokinase (Leo) has been studied, both in vitro and in six patients suffering from thrombo-embolic disorders. It was a non-toxic, effective fibrinolytic agent if given in sufficient dosage. A regimen consisting of an initial dose of 7,200 ploug units per kg body weight, followed by hourly maintenance therapy with 3,600 ploug units per kg intravenously, gave satisfactory evidence of whole body fibrinolytic activity. The preparation had minor but insignificant thromboplastic activity both when assayed in the laboratory and when given to patients.

Effect of 12 months of creatine supplementation and whole-body resistance training on measures of bone, muscle and strength in older males

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602097524
Author(s):  
Darren G Candow ◽  
Philip D Chilibeck ◽  
Julianne Gordon ◽  
Emelie Vogt ◽  
Tim Landeryou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Geometric Properties ◽  
Section Modulus ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Older Males

Background: The combination of creatine supplementation and resistance training (10–12 weeks) has been shown to increase bone mineral content and reduce a urinary indicator of bone resorption in older males compared with placebo. However, the longer-term effects (12 months) of creatine and resistance training on bone mineral density and bone geometric properties in older males is unknown. Aim: To assess the effects of 12 months of creatine supplementation and supervised, whole-body resistance training on bone mineral density, bone geometric properties, muscle accretion, and strength in older males. Methods: Participants were randomized to supplement with creatine ( n = 18, 49–69 years, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1) or placebo ( n = 20, 49–67 years, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1) during 12 months of supervised, whole-body resistance training. Results: After 12 months of training, both groups experienced similar changes in bone mineral density and geometry, bone speed of sound, lean tissue and fat mass, muscle thickness, and muscle strength. There was a trend ( p = 0.061) for creatine to increase the section modulus of the narrow part of the femoral neck, an indicator of bone bending strength, compared with placebo. Adverse events did not differ between creatine and placebo. Conclusions: Twelve months of creatine supplementation and supervised, whole-body resistance training had no greater effect on measures of bone, muscle, or strength in older males compared with placebo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document