Assessing the Impact of 41 Years of Forest Management on Native Wildlife Habitat in Minnesota, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Zobel ◽  
Alan R Ek ◽  
Christopher B Edgar

Abstract Over the last four decades, forest management goals have transitioned to multiuse objectives, begging the question of their impact on wildlife habitat. Using USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data and the WHINGS (Wildlife Habitat Indicator for Native Genera and Species) model, the trends in wildlife habitat were quantified from 1977 to 2018 across Minnesota. Statewide, 35.5% of species experienced significant improvement in habitat, 29% significant reductions, and 35.5% nonsignificant change. The extent of habitat (acreage) increased for 100% of species, but the quality declined for 63% of species. Results were explained by the reduction in acreage of larger size classes of the aspen, balsam, and birch forest type and increases in smaller, younger forest area. Specifically, forest management that converted aspen stands to other forest types benefited certain wildlife species over others. Future forest management should consider the balance between the habitat requirements of the diverse native species in Minnesota. Study Implications Trends in forest wildlife habitat over the last four decades across Minnesota highlight that forest management often favors one species at the expense of another. Statewide, wildlife species with preferences for larger, older aspen experienced diminished habitat, whereas habitat for species preferring younger forest types or older nonaspen types increased. Regionally, the forested ecoregions in Minnesota (northeast) generally saw reduced habitat, whereas the prairie/agricultural regions (south and northwest) saw the largest increases. Through this and further applications, forest and wildlife managers can rapidly assess the habitat implications of proposed management, whether for environmental review, forest planning, or harvest scheduling.

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin van Ewijk ◽  
Paul Treitz ◽  
Murray Woods ◽  
Trevor Jones ◽  
John Caspersen

Over the last decade, spatially-explicit modeling of landscape-scale forest attributes for forest inventories has greatly benefitted from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and the area-based approach (ABA) to derive wall-to-wall maps of these forest attributes. Which ALS-derived metrics to include when modeling forest inventory attributes, and how prediction accuracies vary over forest types depends largely on the structural complexity of the forest(s) being studied. Hence, the purpose of this study was to (i) examine the usefulness of adding texture and intensity metrics to height-based ALS metrics for the prediction of several forest resource inventory (FRI) attributes in one boreal and two Great Lakes, St. Lawrence (GLSL) forest region sites in Ontario and (ii) quantify and compare the site and forest type variability within the context of the FRI prediction accuracies. Basal area (BA), quadratic mean diameter-at-breast height (QMD), and stem density (S) were predicted using the ABA and a nonparametric Random Forests (RF) regression model. At the site level, prediction accuracies (i.e., expressed as RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), bias, and R2) improved at the three sites when texture and intensity metrics were included in the predictor set, even though no significant differences (p > 0.05) could be detected using the nonparametric RMANOVA test. Stem density benefitted the most from the inclusion of texture and intensity, particularly in the GLSL sites (% RMSE improved up to 6%). Combining site and forest type results indicated that improvements in site level predictions, due to the addition of texture and intensity metrics to the ALS predictor set, were the result of changes in prediction accuracy in some but not all forest types present at a site and that these changes in prediction accuracy were site and FRI attribute specific. The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test indicated that prediction errors between the different forest types were significantly different (p ≤ 0.01). In the boreal site, prediction accuracies for conifer forest types were higher than for deciduous and mixedwoods. Such patterns in prediction accuracy among forest types and FRI attributes could not be observed in the GLSL sites. In the Petawawa Research Forest (PRF), we did detect the impact of silvicultural treatments especially on QMD and S predictions.


2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R Malcolm ◽  
Brian D Campbell ◽  
Ben G Kuttner ◽  
Alissa Sugar

Protocols to select ecological indicators of sustainable forest management will benefit from a proactive approach that identifies species likely to be most seriously impacted by management. Here, we use an objective approach that couples forest resource inventory information from logged and unlogged landscapes in northeastern Ontario with information from the provincial vertebrate habitat suitability matrix to assess habitat suitability (the amount of used and preferred habitats) in the landscapes and to identify potential indicators of the impacts of forest management activities. Because they may be most representative of potential future logged landscapes in the region, we contrasted the oldest post-clearcut landscapes in the region (1950s and 1960s era, n = 27) with unlogged landscapes (n = 16). Each landscape was a 2-km radius circle (12.6 km2). In light of reported invasions of hardwood species into logged conifer sites, we considered two regeneration scenarios for very young post-harvest stands: full and partial regeneration control. Logged landscapes differed markedly from unlogged landscapes with respect to forest age and forest type. These differences resulted in strong distinctions between logged and unlogged forests for bird and mammal communities, but relatively weak separation for herpetofauna. Redundancy analysis indicated that the percent variation in habitat suitability attributable to logging was 27% for birds, 17–18% for mammals, and 8–12% for herpetofauna. More than 40% of bird and mammal species showed highly significant differences in habitat suitability between the two landscape types (P<0.01), with more species having higher suitability in unlogged than logged forests. This higher habitat suitability in unlogged forests was associated with a greater amount of older forests and a higher richness of forest types in unlogged compared to logged forests. The effect of the two regeneration scenarios was discernible for all communities, but had a relatively weak effect, with the possible exception of higher snowshoe hare (Lepus americana) densities under partial compared to full regeneration control. Various lines of evidence are presented suggesting that these differences between logged and unlogged landscapes may be maintained into the future unless actions are taken to ameliorate these effects of clearcut logging. The technique presented here may prove useful in forest monitoring and adaptive management planning because it is objective, can simultaneously consider a large number of forest taxa, focuses on real rather than projected landscapes, and outlines, in a succinct way, the main habitat-related gradients in habitat suitability matrices. Key words: wildlife habitat supply, clearcut logging, boreal forest, indicator species, forest age, forest regeneration, multivariate analysis


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Indra Prasad Subedi ◽  
Prem Bahadur Budha ◽  
Ripu Mardhan Kunwar ◽  
Shambhu Charmakar ◽  
Sunita Ulak ◽  
...  

The information available on the diversity of ant species and their distribution and interaction with forest health in Nepal remains limited. As part of a nationwide project on forest health, we conducted inventories to assess the diversity and distribution of forest ants and their role in forest management in Nepal. Ants were collected from 187 plots of 10 m × 10 m size along the north–south belt transects in eastern, central, and western Nepal. We used vegetation beating, sweeping, and hand collection methods in selected forest types. In each transect, we designed six plots in each major forest type (Sal, Schima–Castanopsis, and broadleaf mixed forests) and three plots each in deodar, Alnus, riverine, and Cryptomeria forests. We recorded 70 ant species from 36 genera and six subfamilies. This includes five genera and nine species new for the country, as well as eight tramp species, four of which are major ecological, agricultural, and/or household pests. Our study indicates that forest ant species richness is high in western Nepal and the Siwaliks, and it decreases as elevation increases. The high diversity of ant species in the forests of Nepal needs to be assessed with further exploration using multiple sampling methods covering all seasons and forest types. Ants can be useful indicators for ecosystem management and human impacts on forests. Reports of invasive ants in Nepalese forests indicate the relevance of urgent interventions through sustainable forest management initiatives to prevent future incursions.


Author(s):  
А.В. Грязькин ◽  
А.А. Кочкин ◽  
А.Н. Прокофьев ◽  
М.М. Гуталь ◽  
Ч.Т. Чан ◽  
...  

Объект исследования особо охраняемая природная территория Черняевский лес , лесопарк площадью около 700 га, расположенный на территории Дзержинского и Индустриального районов города Перми. Лесопарк расположен на территории древней послеледниковой долины. Рельеф всхолмленный и представлен массивами смешанного соснового леса. В пределах парка имеются древние песчаные дюны и барханы эолового происхождения с высотами от 35 до 13 м. Цель исследования оценить степень воздействия зимнего отдыха населения на древостои сосны в условиях сосняка черничного и сосняка брусничного. Под пологом древостоев в зимний период по постоянному маршруту ежегодно прокладывается лыжная трасса протяженностью 5,8 км. Лыжная трасса пролегает по разным элементам рельефа подножие склона, склон, водораздел. Древостои представлены сосняками естественного происхождения, смешанными по составу. Возраст древостоев достигает 150 лет, относительная полнота 0,50,8, класс бонитета IIIII. По данным с 12-ти пробных площадей в сосняке черничном и сосняке брусничном дана оценка состояния подроста и подлеска, установлены структура по высоте и численность. Численность подроста достигает 1800 экз./га на контроле и экз./га на лыжной трассе. Численность подлеска от 400 до 1200 экз./га. Характеристики подроста и подлеска зависят от типа леса, элементов рельефа, толщины снежного покрова и интенсивности рекреационной нагрузки. На контроле все характеристики подроста и подлеска превышают характеристики указанных компонентов леса на лыжной трассе. Условия произрастания по лыжной трассе представлены двумя типами леса сосняк черничный (склоны и подножия склонов) и сосняк брусничный (вершины холмов). Установлено, что индекс состояния древостоев по лыжной трассе выше, чем на контроле. Доля сухостоя по лыжной трассе выше, распределение стволов по ступеням толщины различается средний диаметр древостоев на контроле больше, чем на лыжной трассе. Различия имеются и по типам леса. В наибольшей степени влияние лыжной трассы на деревья проявляется в условиях сосняка брусничного. Следовательно, зимний отдых оказывает негативное влияние на древостой, санитарное состояние этого компонента парковых сообществ на лыжной трассе ухудшается. The object of research is a specially protected natural area Chernyaevsky forest , a forest Park with an area of about 700 hectares, located on the territory of Dzerzhinsky And industrial districts of the city of Perm. The forest Park is located on the territory of the ancient post-glacial valley. The relief is hilly and represented by massifs of mixed pine forest. Within the Park there are ancient sand dunes of Aeolian origin with altitudes of from 3-5 to 13 m. the purpose of the study is to estimate the impact of winter recreation on the stands of pine in the conditions of the forest type of myrtillus and vaccinium. Under the canopy of forest stands in the winter on a permanent route annually laid ski trail length of 5.8 km. the ski trail runs on different elements of the terrain-the foot of the slope, slope, watershed. Stands are represented by pine forests of natural origin, mixed in composition. The age of stands reaches 150 years, the relative completeness of 0.50.8, the class of quality-II-III. According to data from 12 sample plots in the forest type of myrtillus and vaccinium in the evaluation of the status of undergrowth of a structure height and strength. The number of the undergrowth is 1800 ind./ha in the control and ind./ha on the piste. The number of undergrowth from 400 to 1200 individuals/ha. Characteristics of undergrowth depends on forest type, terrain, snow cover and intensity of recreational activity. On control all characteristics of undergrowth and undergrowth exceed the characteristics of these components of the forest on the ski track. Growing conditions on the piste represented by two forest types myrtillus (slopes and foot slopes) and vaccinium (tops of hills). It is established that the index of the state of stands on the ski track is higher than on the control. The share of dead wood on the ski track is higher, the distribution of trunks on the steps of thickness varies the average diameter of the stands on the control is greater than on the ski track. There are also differences in forest types. To the greatest extent, the influence of the ski track on the trees is manifested in the conditions of cowberry pine. Therefore, winter recreation has a negative impact on the forest stand, the sanitary condition of this component of Park communities on the ski track is deteriorating.


2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhou ◽  
John R. Mills ◽  
Lawrence Teeter

Abstract In recent years much interest has developed about the dynamics of forest type transitions, especially the transitions of land to and from southern pine plantations. This article presents 50-yr-forest type projections developed from two approaches to specifying the type transition matrices. One approach used transition matrices derived with remeasured plot data for six forest types using USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data. These data tracked transitions that occurred either naturally or artificially on inventory plots during one remeasurement cycle. The second approach relied on expert opinion surveys that predicted trends in the future of forest management. The transition matrices were developed from the responses regarding managers' intentions to regenerate stands following harvest. The survey was developed for the 2000 Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act Timber Assessment (2000 RPA). The timber inventories in eight states in the southcentral United States are projected with these methods of handling type transitions, and the results are compared to the 2000 RPA, which used a combination or hybrid approach to type transitioning. All three techniques conclude the area of planted pine is expected to increase well into the future. They are contradictory, however, in predicting the area other forest types will occupy, especially natural pine and upland hardwoods. Projections based on recent history give us one result; projections based on managers' intentions show another. South. J. Appl. For. 27(3):190–197.


10.12737/8434 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Данилов ◽  
Dmitriy Danilov ◽  
Смирнов ◽  
A. Smirnov

Mixed stands of spruce and pine of myrtillus y forest types occupy large areas of the forest fund of the Leningrad region. For the theory and practice of forestry it is important to know the impact of plantations on the density of wood in bunk mixed spruce-pine stands. In mixed stands of pine and spruce disks and cores of wood species were selected from the model tree to determine the basic density by the method of maximum water capacity. The study of basic wood density of pine and spruce in the coniferous bunk stands revealed that its rates are higher for both species in the mixed forest stand than in pure coniferous plantations in the region of the study. With the predominance of pines in the stand composition, its wood density is higher than in stands dominated by spruce. Density of pinewood increases from smaller to larger classes of stand diameters. Variability of wood density by diameter of trunk is higher in spruce than in pine in mixed stands. In stands, after cutting dilutes the density of pinewood is lower than in the plantation, which is not passed with felling. In the bunk spruce-pine the stand, to the age of maturity, larger mass of stem wood of coniferous species is formed than in the pure one-tier stands of pine or spruce. Developed regression equations depending on the density of the wood at a height of 1.3 m to the average density of trunk allow for a more accurate assessment of this parameter in mixed stands than previously published equations for pure stands of myrtillus forest types for the study area.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHONGHUA ZHAO ◽  
Gongqiao Zhang ◽  
Wenzhen Liu ◽  
Gangying Hui ◽  
Ganggang Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Improving the diversity and complexity of stand structure is the basis for maintaining and increasing forest ecosystem biodiversity. Measures of stand structural diversity is important for predicting stand growth and evaluating forest management activities. Based on the relationship of adjacent trees, we present a new method for the quantitative analysis of stand structure diversity that allows comparison of stand structural heterogeneity between different stands and forest types and to quantify the impact of forest management on structural diversity. Method: The diversity of structural unit types was defined and then we derive a new index of forest structural diversity () according to the additivity principle of Shannon-Weiner index. The effectiveness and sensitivity to management were verified by sixteen field survey samples in different locations and six different simulated management datasets based on Pinus koraiensis broad-leaved forest survey sample. Results (1) The mountain rainforest in Hainan had the highest \({{S}^{\text{'}}}_{D}\) value at 5.287, followed by broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe (2), Jiaohe (1) and oak broadleaved mixed natural forest in Xiaolongshan (2), with values of 5.144, 5.014 and 5.006, respectively. The \({{S}^{\text{'}}}_{D}\) values of plantations and natural pure forest were lower. (2) Different thinning methods and intensities reduced \({{S}^{\text{'}}}_{D}\) compared with no treatment and magnitude of the with the differences were greater as thinning intensity increased. The \({{S}^{\text{'}}}_{D}\) value of thinning from above decreased more than thinning from below at the same thinning intensity. Conclusion The\({{S}^{\text{'}}}_{D}\) well describes differences in stand structural diversity of different forest types and allows comparison of stand structural heterogeneity. It is also sensitive to forest management activities and to quantify the impact of forest management on structural diversity. The application of this new index \({{S}^{\text{'}}}_{D}\) could greatly facilitate forest management and monitoring.


Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Angela Lo Monaco ◽  
Giulia Luziatelli ◽  
Francesco Latterini ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
Rodolfo Picchio

There are many data values describing deadwood in primary forests, however, there is much less information concerning managed forests, particularly in the Mediterranean area. Whole non-living woody biomass (deadwood) is the main component of forest types that plays a vital role in improving and maintaining biodiversity. The dynamics of deadwood and CO2 sequestration by deadwood were examined in three Mediterranean lowland forests: pine forest Pinus pinea L.), evergreen oak forest (Quercus ilex and Quercus suber L.), and deciduous oak forest (Quercus cerris L.). The aim of this study was to carry out a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the deadwood to gather useful information for the Mediterranean forest management, and to provide some useful data that can be integrated into the methods of estimation for carbon stored in dead components of Mediterranean forest types. The investigations focused on the characterization of the deadwood, to determine which traits are dominant and their potentially functionality within the forest type. Results indicated the deciduous oak type had the highest amount of stand volume (379 m3/ha), deadwood volume (161.8 m3/ha), and C storage (31.43 t/ha). The major component of dead wood was the standing dead trees or snags. There was a higher volume of deadwood in the deciduous oak forest than in the pine and evergreen oak forests. In addition, the deciduous oak forest had a higher snag creation index, a higher fallen log creation index, and a higher past management index compared to pine and evergreen oak forest types. Deadwood volume increased as the decay class in the deciduous oak forest increased, while this trend decreased in the evergreen oak and pine forests. The amount of deadwood was affected by the forest type and forest management regime. Dynamic and past management of deadwood indices indicated that their structure was still in the initial phase of creation and decay in the pine and evergreen oak forests. A comparison with other studies on similar forest types brought out that the variation range of the main parameters for the management of deadwood fell within the variation of the parameters studied. However, the values of these parameters cover a broad range. The population of each forest type is extremely sensitive to the different evolutionary periods of the forest dynamics.


Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Camila B. García ◽  
Gabriella L. Svensson ◽  
Camila Bravo ◽  
María I. Undurraga ◽  
Javiera Díaz-Forestier ◽  
...  

Abstract Carnivores play an important role in ecosystem functioning as apex predators. However, most carnivore species are threatened or have been extirpated in human-dominated landscapes. The Mediterranean region of central Chile is a biodiversity hotspot, but expansion of agricultural areas such as vineyards is degrading wildlife habitat. We estimated the species richness and composition of carnivore communities in remnant fragments of sclerophyllous forest-shrubland in the vineyard landscapes of central Chile to evaluate the effects of human disturbance at different spatial scales. We tested two hypotheses: (1) vineyard landscapes with higher levels of human disturbance support a lower diversity of native carnivores in fragments of remnant native vegetation compared to landscapes with larger areas of natural habitat, and (2) habitat specialists and generalists respond differentially to human influence at the habitat vs landscape spatial scale. We used camera traps at 12 sites across the study area and evaluated the impact of human disturbance indicators on the richness and detection frequency of carnivore species. We found that human population density negatively affected carnivore richness and was associated with a lower detection frequency of the Vulnerable guiña Leopardus guigna. The presence of domestic dogs also had a negative effect on the detection frequency of the guiña and the two native species of foxes, the culpeo Lycalopex culpaeus and South American grey fox Lycalopex griseus. We conclude that protecting remnants of native forest in vineyard landscapes is crucial for carnivore conservation in central Chile.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Crovo ◽  
Felipe Aburto ◽  
Maria Albornoz ◽  
Randal Southard

&lt;p&gt;Land use change is a global issue with tremendous social, economic and environmental implications. Currently, many countries display high rates of deforestation and forest conversion from native forest to industrial tree plantations which have a direct impact on soil C and N stocks. Even though, there is a significant number of studies that highlighted the effects of forest substitution on C sequestration, the impact on ecological stoichiometry and biogeochemical cycling has not been well assessed. The soils considered in this study encompass the main forest soil types found in south central Chile representing a range of soil properties and mineralogy (crystalline to amorphous ash derived soils). To reduce confounding factors due to site history, we exclusively selected pair sampling sites (native versus plantation) that shared a similar land-use history and had close to identical soil and geomorphic conditions in which two independent 625m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; plots were established at adjacent Native Forests (NF) and Pine Plantations (PL).To determine C:N:P inventories alongside N and P available pools, the plot was divided into four sub-quadrants where bulk soil samples were collected at 6 depth intervals in the central soil pit and in four augers at each quadrant up to a depth of 240 cm. The C and N total pools were significantly different between soil types but not between forest types (p=0.02). The highest average C stock across all soils was found in NF (202.22 &amp;#177; 82.77 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to PL (172.55 &amp;#177; 87.73 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;. &lt;/sup&gt;When comparing each soil type individually, disregarding forest type, the Young Ash soil displayed significantly higher C and N than all the other studied soils. On the contrary, the Recent Ash soil displays changes in the C:N:P stoichiometry&lt;sub&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt; Available Phosphorus was significantly different among sites, but not for forest types across sites. Overall, native forest exhibits higher stocks of available NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; and we did not find a significant effect of forest type in NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; stocks. Our result indicates the differential capacity that contrasting soils have to resist this major soil biogeochemical pools alteration.&lt;/p&gt;


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