Effect of stand structure on density of pine and spruce wood in myrtillus forest type

Mixed stands of spruce and pine of myrtillus y forest types occupy large areas of the forest fund of the Leningrad region. For the theory and practice of forestry it is important to know the impact of plantations on the density of wood in bunk mixed spruce-pine stands. In mixed stands of pine and spruce disks and cores of wood species were selected from the model tree to determine the basic density by the method of maximum water capacity. The study of basic wood density of pine and spruce in the coniferous bunk stands revealed that its rates are higher for both species in the mixed forest stand than in pure coniferous plantations in the region of the study. With the predominance of pines in the stand composition, its wood density is higher than in stands dominated by spruce. Density of pinewood increases from smaller to larger classes of stand diameters. Variability of wood density by diameter of trunk is higher in spruce than in pine in mixed stands. In stands, after cutting dilutes the density of pinewood is lower than in the plantation, which is not passed with felling. In the bunk spruce-pine the stand, to the age of maturity, larger mass of stem wood of coniferous species is formed than in the pure one-tier stands of pine or spruce. Developed regression equations depending on the density of the wood at a height of 1.3 m to the average density of trunk allow for a more accurate assessment of this parameter in mixed stands than previously published equations for pure stands of myrtillus forest types for the study area.

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THE IMPACT OF SHARE PARTICIPATION OF PINE AND SPRUCE ON INVENTORY INDICES OF MIXED FOREST STANDS

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.12737/25192 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 49-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Данилов ◽

Dmitriy Danilov ◽

Беляева ◽

Nataliia Beliaeva ◽

Мартынов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Initial Density ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Average Height ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Forest Types ◽

Forest Stands ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

The Impact ◽

Groups Of Forest Types

The influence of composition on the dynamics of inventory indices of the mixed modal forest stands is considered: ridges with the groups of forest types of middle subzone of taiga in the territory of the Leningrad region, for 60 year period. The course of growth of pine and spruce in the mixed stand is due to the composition of the stand, which affects the entire life cycle of its development. Analysis of forest inventory data at the test plots has shown that the median line for the average height and diameter has the distinction of growth from tabular reference data. Differences in the dynamics of growth in valuation metrics over the study period is due to the initial density of pine, then spruce, and the degree of difference in the age of trees. The variability of average heights and diameters on the experimental plots is influenced by the share of particular species in the composition of the stand. The stand composition significantly affects average diameter and height of tiers, composing the mixed coniferous forest that was confirmed by single-factor analysis of variance. The sum of the areas of the cross sections at the pine tier of the virtually at all experienced objects increases up to the age of 100-120 years, and in spruce this dependence is shown only up to the age of 80-85 years. Pine tier depending on the initial density has a greater impact on the composition of the mixed stands than spruce. This can be considered as a fact of environmental compliance of the conditions of the types: ridges with groups of forest types, for successful growth of pine. In mixed stands, untouched by commercial logging, the spruce element, quantitatively not exceeding the pine one, are stunted and produce less stock

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Mixed pine and spruce stands in the Luga-Volkhov and Valdai-Tikhvin landscape districts of the Leningrad Region

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/941/1/012007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 941 (1) ◽

pp. 012007

Author(s):

D.A. Danilov ◽

A.A. Yakovlev ◽

L. S. Bogdanova ◽

A.K. Boitsov ◽

S.A. Suvorov

Keyword(s):

Forest Type ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Forest Types ◽

Tree Stand ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Study Region ◽

Landscape Mosaics ◽

Spruce Stands

Abstract Pine- and spruce-dominatedmixed stands occupy a substantial part of the forested area. Depending on soil and hydrological conditions of different landscapes, stands of different forest types and tree stand composition dominate. Modern forestry is focused on growing monodominant stands, but it is worth noting that mixed stands have higher productivity and stability. This work is devoted to identifying the patterns of distribution of mixed stands by forest type in different geographic landscapes. For the study, two landscape districts of the Leningrad Region (Valdaysko-Tikhvinsky and Luzhsko-Volkhovsky) with landscape mosaics of different structure were selected. The dominant forest types and types of mixed forest stands were determined by summing the areas of each plant association. To carry out the calculations, data of the state forest inventory of the Leningrad Region were used. In the course of this study, it was found that blueberry forest type was the most common forest type in mixed stands. Most of the landscapes of the study region were dominated by spruce-deciduous stands, but in some landscapes with hilly relief, a predominance of spruce-pine stands was observed.

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Forest Site and Type Variability in ALS-Based Forest Resource Inventory Attribute Predictions over Three Ontario Forest Sites

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10030226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 226 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Karin van Ewijk ◽

Paul Treitz ◽

Murray Woods ◽

Trevor Jones ◽

John Caspersen

Keyword(s):

Prediction Accuracy ◽

Forest Type ◽

Stem Density ◽

Forest Site ◽

Forest Resource ◽

Forest Types ◽

Resource Inventory ◽

Forest Resource Inventory ◽

Forest Attributes ◽

The Impact

Over the last decade, spatially-explicit modeling of landscape-scale forest attributes for forest inventories has greatly benefitted from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and the area-based approach (ABA) to derive wall-to-wall maps of these forest attributes. Which ALS-derived metrics to include when modeling forest inventory attributes, and how prediction accuracies vary over forest types depends largely on the structural complexity of the forest(s) being studied. Hence, the purpose of this study was to (i) examine the usefulness of adding texture and intensity metrics to height-based ALS metrics for the prediction of several forest resource inventory (FRI) attributes in one boreal and two Great Lakes, St. Lawrence (GLSL) forest region sites in Ontario and (ii) quantify and compare the site and forest type variability within the context of the FRI prediction accuracies. Basal area (BA), quadratic mean diameter-at-breast height (QMD), and stem density (S) were predicted using the ABA and a nonparametric Random Forests (RF) regression model. At the site level, prediction accuracies (i.e., expressed as RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), bias, and R2) improved at the three sites when texture and intensity metrics were included in the predictor set, even though no significant differences (p > 0.05) could be detected using the nonparametric RMANOVA test. Stem density benefitted the most from the inclusion of texture and intensity, particularly in the GLSL sites (% RMSE improved up to 6%). Combining site and forest type results indicated that improvements in site level predictions, due to the addition of texture and intensity metrics to the ALS predictor set, were the result of changes in prediction accuracy in some but not all forest types present at a site and that these changes in prediction accuracy were site and FRI attribute specific. The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test indicated that prediction errors between the different forest types were significantly different (p ≤ 0.01). In the boreal site, prediction accuracies for conifer forest types were higher than for deciduous and mixedwoods. Such patterns in prediction accuracy among forest types and FRI attributes could not be observed in the GLSL sites. In the Petawawa Research Forest (PRF), we did detect the impact of silvicultural treatments especially on QMD and S predictions.

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Forest regeneration on the felling of the Leningrad region

Известия СПбЛТА ◽

10.21266/2079-4304.2018.222.66-83 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

А.П. СМИРНОВ ◽

А.А. СМИРНОВ ◽

Б.А. MОНГУШ

Keyword(s):

Forest Regeneration ◽

Forest Type ◽

Projective Cover ◽

Individual Species ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Type Composition ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

Цель исследования – выявить влияние на успешность последующего естественного лесовозобновления на вырубках таких факторов, как исходный (до рубки) тип леса, состав и густота подлеска, состав и степень проективного покрытия травяного покрова. Подроста сосны больше всего на вырубках сосняков брусничных и вересковых (численность 8–10 тыс. экз./га), меньше подроста в сосняках долгомошниках и черничниках влажных (численность 3,5–6 тыс. экз./га). В черничниках свежих соснового подроста всего около 1 тыс. экз./га. Очень мало подроста сосны на еловых вырубках, а в бывших березняках и осинниках он полностью отсутствует. Последующее возобновление ели успешнее всего происходит в ельниках долгомошниках и черничниках влажных (около 4,5 тыс. экз./га). В черничниках свежих, брусничниках и кисличниках густота подроста ели – 1–2,5 тыс. экз./га. Густота подроста по отдельным породам в одном и том же исходном типе леса сильно варьирует – коэффициенты вариации достигают 200% и более. Наименьшая вариация количества хвойного подроста (37–62%) наблюдается во влажных условиях роста леса – в сосняках и ельниках долгомошниках и ельниках черничниках влажных. В большинстве случаев близкие по лесорастительным условиям типы леса не имеют достоверных отличий по густоте подроста одних и тех же пород. Разрастание подлеска почти во всех случаях снижает густоту подроста, особенно заметно – подроста сосны. Увеличение проективного покрытия травяного покрова более 15% на вырубках 5–7-летней давности резко снижает количество подроста сосны. Подрост ели реагирует на рост проективного покрытия трав более умеренно. Goal of the study is to determine the impact on the success of the forest regeneration of the catting areas where factors such as the original (before felling) forest type, composition and density of underbrush, composition and extent of the projective cover grass. A lot pine undergrowth, on sites where former forest type Pinetum vacciniosum and Pinetum сladinosum (8–10 thousand instance/ha), less undergrowth in former forest type Pinetum polytrichosum and Pinetum nass myrtillosum (3.5–6 thousand instance/ha). In Pinetum fresh myrtillosum pine regrowth in just about 1 thousand instance/ha. Very little pine undergrowth in cutting areas of the spruce forest, and in the former Birch and Aspen completely missing. The subsequent spruce regeneration better going in Piceetum polytrichosum and P. nass myrtillosum (about 4.5 thousand instance/ha). In the Piceetum fresh myrtillosum, P. vacciniosum and P. oxalidosum density of spruce undergrowth 1–2.5 th. instance/ha. Density of undergrowth for individual species in one and the same source type of forest is strongly terminated value – coefficients of variation reach 200% or more. The smallest variation of the density of conifers regrowth (37–62%) there has been in humid conditions of growth – in Pinetum and Piceetum polytrichosum, in Piceetum nass myrtillosum. In most cases, creating conditions close to forest types have no reliable differences in density undergrowth of the same species. Growth of underbrush in almost all cases, reduces the density of undergrowth; especially noticeable is the pine undergrowth. Increase of the projective cover more than 15% grass on catting 5– 7 years ago dramatically reduces the number of young pine trees. Young spruce responds to growth of the projective cover herbs more moderately.

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The influence of the recreational load in the winter on the forest ecosystem

Известия СПбЛТА ◽

10.21266/2079-4304.2020.230.6-18 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

А.В. Грязькин ◽

А.А. Кочкин ◽

А.Н. Прокофьев ◽

М.М. Гуталь ◽

Ч.Т. Чан ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Forest Type ◽

Sand Dunes ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Forest Types ◽

Forest Park ◽

Sanitary Condition ◽

Winter Recreation ◽

Structure Height ◽

The Impact

Объект исследования особо охраняемая природная территория Черняевский лес , лесопарк площадью около 700 га, расположенный на территории Дзержинского и Индустриального районов города Перми. Лесопарк расположен на территории древней послеледниковой долины. Рельеф всхолмленный и представлен массивами смешанного соснового леса. В пределах парка имеются древние песчаные дюны и барханы эолового происхождения с высотами от 35 до 13 м. Цель исследования оценить степень воздействия зимнего отдыха населения на древостои сосны в условиях сосняка черничного и сосняка брусничного. Под пологом древостоев в зимний период по постоянному маршруту ежегодно прокладывается лыжная трасса протяженностью 5,8 км. Лыжная трасса пролегает по разным элементам рельефа подножие склона, склон, водораздел. Древостои представлены сосняками естественного происхождения, смешанными по составу. Возраст древостоев достигает 150 лет, относительная полнота 0,50,8, класс бонитета IIIII. По данным с 12-ти пробных площадей в сосняке черничном и сосняке брусничном дана оценка состояния подроста и подлеска, установлены структура по высоте и численность. Численность подроста достигает 1800 экз./га на контроле и экз./га на лыжной трассе. Численность подлеска от 400 до 1200 экз./га. Характеристики подроста и подлеска зависят от типа леса, элементов рельефа, толщины снежного покрова и интенсивности рекреационной нагрузки. На контроле все характеристики подроста и подлеска превышают характеристики указанных компонентов леса на лыжной трассе. Условия произрастания по лыжной трассе представлены двумя типами леса сосняк черничный (склоны и подножия склонов) и сосняк брусничный (вершины холмов). Установлено, что индекс состояния древостоев по лыжной трассе выше, чем на контроле. Доля сухостоя по лыжной трассе выше, распределение стволов по ступеням толщины различается средний диаметр древостоев на контроле больше, чем на лыжной трассе. Различия имеются и по типам леса. В наибольшей степени влияние лыжной трассы на деревья проявляется в условиях сосняка брусничного. Следовательно, зимний отдых оказывает негативное влияние на древостой, санитарное состояние этого компонента парковых сообществ на лыжной трассе ухудшается. The object of research is a specially protected natural area Chernyaevsky forest , a forest Park with an area of about 700 hectares, located on the territory of Dzerzhinsky And industrial districts of the city of Perm. The forest Park is located on the territory of the ancient post-glacial valley. The relief is hilly and represented by massifs of mixed pine forest. Within the Park there are ancient sand dunes of Aeolian origin with altitudes of from 3-5 to 13 m. the purpose of the study is to estimate the impact of winter recreation on the stands of pine in the conditions of the forest type of myrtillus and vaccinium. Under the canopy of forest stands in the winter on a permanent route annually laid ski trail length of 5.8 km. the ski trail runs on different elements of the terrain-the foot of the slope, slope, watershed. Stands are represented by pine forests of natural origin, mixed in composition. The age of stands reaches 150 years, the relative completeness of 0.50.8, the class of quality-II-III. According to data from 12 sample plots in the forest type of myrtillus and vaccinium in the evaluation of the status of undergrowth of a structure height and strength. The number of the undergrowth is 1800 ind./ha in the control and ind./ha on the piste. The number of undergrowth from 400 to 1200 individuals/ha. Characteristics of undergrowth depends on forest type, terrain, snow cover and intensity of recreational activity. On control all characteristics of undergrowth and undergrowth exceed the characteristics of these components of the forest on the ski track. Growing conditions on the piste represented by two forest types myrtillus (slopes and foot slopes) and vaccinium (tops of hills). It is established that the index of the state of stands on the ski track is higher than on the control. The share of dead wood on the ski track is higher, the distribution of trunks on the steps of thickness varies the average diameter of the stands on the control is greater than on the ski track. There are also differences in forest types. To the greatest extent, the influence of the ski track on the trees is manifested in the conditions of cowberry pine. Therefore, winter recreation has a negative impact on the forest stand, the sanitary condition of this component of Park communities on the ski track is deteriorating.

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Effects of Fertilization on Wood Formation in Naturally Regenerated Juvenile Silver Birch in a Norway Spruce Stand in South Sweden

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 415

Author(s):

Josefin A. Nilsson ◽

Grace Jones ◽

Charlotta Håkansson ◽

Åsa Blom ◽

Johan Bergh

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Wood Density ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Basic Density ◽

Ring Width ◽

Cell Wall Thickness ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Age Difference ◽

Stem Wood

This study investigates wood density and anatomy of juvenile silver birch stems in Sweden, grown in mixed conifer stands. Our aim is to investigate if fertilization provides increased growth, as well as an eventual reduction in stem wood density. Measurements of basic density, ring width, cell wall thickness, and vessels are analyzed for 20 birch trees. Bark to pith radial sections are analyzed using a light microscope and the freeware ImageJ to compare treatments and ages. The results show that trees with fertilizer treatment have wider growth rings and thinner cell wall thickness compared to unfertilized trees. The fertilized trees also have a lower cambium age at the same height and the same diameter, and a slightly lower stem mean density (420 kg m−3) than the unfertilized stems (460 kg m−3). Fertilizer is a significant determinant of density and cell wall thickness in nonlinear models. The fertilized trees have increased growth and reached a fixed diameter earlier. The age difference between the trees likely explains some of the differences in cell wall thickness. This study supports the use of fertilizer as a silvicultural option for increasing the growth rate of silver birch for a relatively small reduction of wood density.

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Removing Harvest Residues from Hardwood Stands Affects Tree Growth, Wood Density and Stem Wood Nutrient Concentration in European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica) and Oak (Quercus spp.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-814871/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjoy Roy ◽

Jean-Michel Leban ◽

Bernd Zeller ◽

Gregory Van-Der-Heijden ◽

Arnaud Reichard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Density ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Harvest Residues ◽

Stem Wood ◽

Tree Nutrition ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Increased exportation of harvest residues from forests, to mitigate excessive demand for woody biomass, have reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition and tree growth. However, as nutrients become less available in the soil, the remobilization of nutrients in biomass tissues (plant internal cycling) helps sustain tree nutrition. Our study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and Litter (RHRL) during five years on tree growth, wood density and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest stands.Result: Our study found that, RHRL significantly decreased the tree growth ring width, by 14%, and wood density, by 3%, in beech trees, in the near bark rings. RHRL also significantly reduced the nutrient concentration in the near bark and near pith area of both species. Mg, Na and S were found lower by 44%, 76% and 56%, respectively, in the near bark area of beech trees, and K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and Fe were lower by 20%, 25%, 41%, 48%, 41% and 16%, respectively, in the near bark area of oak trees. K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongly in the near pith area compared to the near bark area suggesting internal translocation of these two elements. Conclusion: In beech trees, wood density proved to be an important factor while quantifying the effect of removing harvest residuals on the tree growth and biomass. Soil nutrient loss intensified the remobilization of nutrients contained in older tree rings (close to the pith) towards newly formed rings (close to bark). In our study, in beech trees, K was found to be the most recycled major nutrient. These results demonstrate the potential of such analysis for providing valuable insight into the effect of RHRL in premature stands on the physiological adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil fertility and acidity status.

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Unraveling the Influence of Land-Use Change on δ13C, δ15N, and Soil Nutritional Status in Coniferous, Broadleaved, and Mixed Forests in Southern China: A Field Investigation

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081499 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1499

Author(s):

Taimoor Farooq ◽

Xiaoyong Chen ◽

Awais Shakoor ◽

Yong Li ◽

Jun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Availability ◽

Forest Type ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Forest Types ◽

Soil Nutrient Availability ◽

Δ13c And Δ15n ◽

Foliar N ◽

Topsoil Layer

Natural isotopic abundance in soil and foliar can provide integrated information related to the long-term alterations of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in forest ecosystems. We evaluated total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and isotopic natural abundance of C (δ13C) and N (δ15N) in soil and foliar of coniferous plantation (CPF), natural broadleaved forest (NBF), and mixed forest stands at three different soil depths (i.e., 0–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm). This study also explored how soil available nutrients are affected by different forest types. Lutou forest research station, located in Hunan Province, central China, was used as the study area. Results demonstrated that the topsoil layer had higher TC and TN content in the mixed forest stand, resulting in a better quality of organic materials in the topsoil layer in the mixed forest than NBF and CPF. In general, soil TC, TN, and δ15N varied significantly in different soil depths and forest types. However, the forest type did not exhibit any significant effect on δ13C. Overall, soil δ13C was significantly enriched in CPF, and δ15N values were enriched in mixed forest. Foliar C content varied significantly among forest types, whereas foliar N content was not significantly different. No big differences were observed for foliar δ15N and δ13C across forest types. However, foliar δ13C and δ15N were positively related to soil δ13C and δ15N, respectively. Foliar N, soil and foliar C:N ratio, soil moisture content (SMC), and forest type were observed as the major influential factors affecting isotopic natural abundance, whereas soil pH was not significantly correlated. In addition, forest type change and soil depth increment had a significant effect on soil nutrient availability. In general, soil nutrient availability was higher in mixed forest. Our findings implied that forest type and soil depth alter TC, TN, and soil δ15N, whereas δ13C was only driven by soil depth. Moreover, plantations led to a decline in soil available nutrient content compared with NBF and mixed forest stands.

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Differential responses of soil Carbon,Nitrogen and Phosphorus stocks and available pools to conversion from native forest to exotic plant plantation in soils of contrasting origin.

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20760 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oscar Crovo ◽

Felipe Aburto ◽

Maria Albornoz ◽

Randal Southard

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Forest Type ◽

Soil Types ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Types ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽

South Central ◽

C And N ◽

The Impact

Land use change is a global issue with tremendous social, economic and environmental implications. Currently, many countries display high rates of deforestation and forest conversion from native forest to industrial tree plantations which have a direct impact on soil C and N stocks. Even though, there is a significant number of studies that highlighted the effects of forest substitution on C sequestration, the impact on ecological stoichiometry and biogeochemical cycling has not been well assessed. The soils considered in this study encompass the main forest soil types found in south central Chile representing a range of soil properties and mineralogy (crystalline to amorphous ash derived soils). To reduce confounding factors due to site history, we exclusively selected pair sampling sites (native versus plantation) that shared a similar land-use history and had close to identical soil and geomorphic conditions in which two independent 625m2 plots were established at adjacent Native Forests (NF) and Pine Plantations (PL).To determine C:N:P inventories alongside N and P available pools, the plot was divided into four sub-quadrants where bulk soil samples were collected at 6 depth intervals in the central soil pit and in four augers at each quadrant up to a depth of 240 cm. The C and N total pools were significantly different between soil types but not between forest types (p=0.02). The highest average C stock across all soils was found in NF (202.22 &#177; 82.77 Mg ha-1) compared to PL (172.55 &#177; 87.73 Mg ha-1). When comparing each soil type individually, disregarding forest type, the Young Ash soil displayed significantly higher C and N than all the other studied soils. On the contrary, the Recent Ash soil displays changes in the C:N:P stoichiometry. Available Phosphorus was significantly different among sites, but not for forest types across sites. Overall, native forest exhibits higher stocks of available NO3- and we did not find a significant effect of forest type in NH4+ stocks. Our result indicates the differential capacity that contrasting soils have to resist this major soil biogeochemical pools alteration.

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Assessing the Impact of 41 Years of Forest Management on Native Wildlife Habitat in Minnesota, USA

Journal of Forestry ◽

10.1093/jofore/fvaa050 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John M Zobel ◽

Alan R Ek ◽

Christopher B Edgar

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Native Species ◽

Forest Type ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Wildlife Habitat ◽

Harvest Scheduling ◽

Forest Types ◽

Wildlife Species ◽

Agricultural Regions ◽

The Impact

Abstract Over the last four decades, forest management goals have transitioned to multiuse objectives, begging the question of their impact on wildlife habitat. Using USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data and the WHINGS (Wildlife Habitat Indicator for Native Genera and Species) model, the trends in wildlife habitat were quantified from 1977 to 2018 across Minnesota. Statewide, 35.5% of species experienced significant improvement in habitat, 29% significant reductions, and 35.5% nonsignificant change. The extent of habitat (acreage) increased for 100% of species, but the quality declined for 63% of species. Results were explained by the reduction in acreage of larger size classes of the aspen, balsam, and birch forest type and increases in smaller, younger forest area. Specifically, forest management that converted aspen stands to other forest types benefited certain wildlife species over others. Future forest management should consider the balance between the habitat requirements of the diverse native species in Minnesota. Study Implications Trends in forest wildlife habitat over the last four decades across Minnesota highlight that forest management often favors one species at the expense of another. Statewide, wildlife species with preferences for larger, older aspen experienced diminished habitat, whereas habitat for species preferring younger forest types or older nonaspen types increased. Regionally, the forested ecoregions in Minnesota (northeast) generally saw reduced habitat, whereas the prairie/agricultural regions (south and northwest) saw the largest increases. Through this and further applications, forest and wildlife managers can rapidly assess the habitat implications of proposed management, whether for environmental review, forest planning, or harvest scheduling.

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