INFLUENCE OF PREVENTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM FEEDBACK COMPLEXITY ON ATHLETE INJURY RISK

Background: Preventive training programs (PTPs) reduce injury risk in youth athletes. Corrective verbal feedback is an integral component of PTP implementation; however, too many cues delivered at once may be too complicated for youth athletes. PTPs with simplified cues may be more effective as traditional PTPs to improve athlete injury risk. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in movements associated with injury risk youth athletes participating in a season-long PTP: with simplified feedback cues, with traditional feedback cues, or in a warm-up of the coaches’ choosing. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was utilized. Youth soccer teams were randomized into: simplified or traditional PTP, or the control group. Simplified and traditional PTPs were the same duration (10-15 minutes) with the same exercises, but the simplified PTP only provided sagittal plane feedback cues (e.g., “get low”) and the traditional PTP provided feedback in all planes of motion (e.g., “don’t let your knees cave inward”). Teams in the control group performed their coach’s warm-up. Participants completed two test sessions (PRE-season, POST-season) with three trials of a jump-landing task evaluated using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). The LESS is a valid and reliable clinical movement assessment. Participants jumped off a 30-cm high box to a distance half their height and immediately rebounded straight in the air for maximum vertical height. A single, reliable rater graded all trials. Three trials were averaged together for one composite LESS score at each time point. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate differences in composite LESS score between warm-up (Simplified, Traditional, Control) over time (PRE, POST) while controlling for team. All data were analyzed using SPSS Version 21.0 (p<0.05). Results: There were no significant differences between Simplified and Traditional PTPs (P>0.05) so the PTPs were combined into a single group (Intervention) and compared to Control from PRE to POST. Four-hundred and twenty athletes (Intervention n=291 athletes, Control n=129 athletes) participated. The Intervention group improved LESS scores ((Mean±SE [95% CI]) Intervention PRE:6.32±0.17 [5.99,6.67], Intervention POST: 5.36±0.16 [5.05,5.69], Control PRE: 6.58±0.35 [5.94,7.30], Control POST: 6.09±0.34 [5.47,6.79])(P=.04). Conclusion: Regardless of PTP, athletes improved movement technique. These findings suggest that simplified corrective feedback is as effective as more complex feedback. Future studies should look to train coaches to focus on simplified cues and evaluate impact on PTP implementation.

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The effectiveness of an online intervention in stimulating injury-preventive behaviour in adult novice runners. Results of a randomised controlled trial.

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a11297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ellen Kemler ◽

Maaike Cornelissen ◽

Vincent Gouttebarge

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Online Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Warm Up ◽

Training Schedule ◽

Strength Exercises ◽

Preventive Behaviour ◽

Randomised Controlled

Background: The online intervention Runfitcheck was developed to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour among adult novice runners. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Runfitcheck on injury-preventive behaviour among adult novice runners. Material and methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted among adult novice runners. The intervention group had access to the Runfitcheck intervention, the control group performed their running activities as usual. One, three, and five months after enrolment, participants reported retrospectively what they had done regarding injury-preventive behaviour (operationalised as (i) using a (personalised) training schedule; (ii) performing strength and technique exercises; and (iii) performing a warm-up routine prior to running). Relative Risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) were used to analyse behavioural change. Results: The intervention group (n=715) searched more often for information about a warm-up routine (RR 1.211; 95%CI 1.080-1.357), added more often strength exercises to their warm-up routine ( RR 1.228; 95%CI 1.092-1.380). The intervention group performed more often running technique exercises compared to the control group (n=696) (RR 1.134; 95%CI 1.015-1.267), but less often strength exercises (RR 0.865 (95%CI 0.752-0.995). Within the group of runners that did not perform any warm-up routine at enrolment (n=272), the intervention group performed a regular warm-up routine more often than the control group (RR 1.461; 95%CI 1.084-1.968) No significant results were found for using a training schedule. Discussion and conclusion: The online intervention Runfitcheck was effective in stimulating aspects of injury-preventive behaviour in adult novice runners, mostly related to a warm-up routine.

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The effectiveness of an online intervention in stimulating injury-preventive behaviour in adult novice runners. Results of a randomised controlled trial.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22177/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ellen Kemler ◽

Maaike H. Cornelissen ◽

Vincent Gouttebarge

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Online Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Warm Up ◽

Training Schedule ◽

Strength Exercises ◽

Preventive Behaviour ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background In addition to the beneficial health effects of being active, running is also associated with a risk of sustaining injuries. The online intervention Runfitcheck was developed to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour among adult novice runners. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Runfitcheck on injury-preventive behaviour among adult novice runners. Design Randomised controlled trial Methods A randomised controlled trial with a follow-up period of five months was conducted among adult novice runners. The intervention group had access to the Runfitcheck intervention, while the control group performed their running activities as usual. One, three, and five months after enrolment, participants reported retrospectively what they had done regarding injury-preventive behaviour (operationalised as (i) using a (personalised) training schedule; (ii) performing strength and technique exercises; and (iii) performing a warm-up routine prior to running). Relative Risks ((RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI)) were used to analyse behavioural change among runners who were not performing the favourable behaviour at enrolment. Results A total of 1,411 novice runners (72.6% female, mean age 38.1 years) were included in this study and assigned to the intervention group (n=715) or control group (n=696). Runners in the intervention group searched more often for information about a warm-up routine (55.6% versus 44.9%; RR 1.211 (95%CI 1.080-1.357); Table 2), and added more often strength exercises to their warm-up routine (49.3% versus 38.2%; RR 1.228 (95%CI 1.092-1.380)). Runners in the intervention group performed more often running technique exercises compared to runners in the control group (58.6% versus 51.5%; RR 1.134 (95%CI 1.015-1.267)), but less often strength exercises (71.9% versus 77.9%; RR 0.865 (95%CI 0.752-0.995)). Within the group of runners that did not perform any warm-up routine at enrolment (n=272; 69.5% female, mean age 35.8 years (SD 9.3), runners in the intervention group performed a regular warm-up routine more often than runners in the control group (47.1% versus 28.4%; n=196; RR 1.461 (95%CI 1.084-1.968)) No significant results were found for using a training schedule. Conclusions The online intervention Runfitcheck was effective in stimulating aspects of injury-preventive behaviour in adult novice runners, mostly related to a warm-up routine.

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Neuromuscular Training Warm-up Prevents Acute Noncontact Lower Extremity Injuries in Children’s Soccer: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/23259671211005769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 232596712110057

Author(s):

Matias Hilska ◽

Mari Leppänen ◽

Tommi Vasankari ◽

Sari Aaltonen ◽

Pekka Kannus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Neuromuscular Training ◽

Control Group ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Warm Up ◽

Randomized Controlled

Background: Prevention of sports injuries is essential in youth, as injuries are associated with less future physical activity and thus greater all-cause morbidity. Purpose: To investigate whether a neuromuscular training warm-up operated by team coaches is effective in preventing acute lower extremity (LE) injuries in competitive U11-U14 soccer players. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Twenty top-level U11 to U14 soccer clubs in Finland were randomized into intervention and control groups and assessed for 20 weeks. Participants included 1403 players (280 female, 1123 male; age range, 9-14 years): 673 players (44 teams) in the intervention group and 730 players (48 teams) in the control group. The intervention group team coaches were introduced to a neuromuscular training warm-up to replace the standard warm-up 2 to 3 times per week. The control teams were asked to perform their standard warm-up. Injury data collection was done via weekly text messages. The primary outcome measure was a soccer-related acute LE injury, and the secondary outcome measure was an acute noncontact LE injury. Results: A total of 656 acute LE injuries occurred: 310 in the intervention group and 346 in the control group. The overall acute LE injury incidence was 4.4 per 1000 hours of exposure in the intervention group and 5.5 per 1000 hours of exposure in the control group, with no significant difference between groups (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.82 [95% CI, 0.64-1.04]). There were 302 acute noncontact LE injuries: 129 in the intervention group (incidence, 1.8 per 1000 hours) and 173 in the control group (2.7 per 1000 hours). A significant reduction in acute noncontact LE injuries of 32% (IRR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.51-0.93]) was observed in the intervention group compared with the control group. Furthermore, significant reductions in injury incidence in favor of the intervention group were seen in the subanalyses of acute noncontact LE injuries, leading to ≤7 days of time loss and fewer ankle and joint/ligament injuries. Conclusion: A neuromuscular training warm-up operated by team coaches was found to be effective in preventing acute noncontact LE injuries in children’s soccer, but this was not seen in all acute LE injuries. Clinical Relevance: We encourage children’s soccer coaches and health care professionals to implement neuromuscular training warm-up in youth sports. Registration: ISRCTN14046021 (ISRCTN registry).

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The effect of a shoulder injury prevention programme on proprioception and dynamic stability of young volleyball players; a randomized controlled trial

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-021-00300-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa Zarei ◽

Saeed Eshghi ◽

Mahdi Hosseinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Stability ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Joint Position Sense ◽

Control Group ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Balance Test ◽

Warm Up ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

External Rotator

Abstract Background The “FIFA 11 + Shoulder” programme has been reported to reduce the incidence of upper extremity injuries among soccer goalkeepers. It has also been recommended for overhead sports. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of an 8-week “FIFA 11 + shoulder” (11 + S) programme on shoulder joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and upper quarter Y Balance Test in young male volleyball players. Methods Thirty-two healthy young elite male volleyball players (17.49 ± 1.47 years) participated in this quasi-experimental study. Participants, recruited from two clubs participating in Iranian premier league, were randomly assigned into two groups; (1) the intervention group who performed the “FIFA 11 + shoulder” programme as their warm up protocol, three times per week, and (2) the control group who kept their routine warm up protocol meanwhile. Proprioception tests including JPS and TTDPM of internal and external rotator muscles of the dominant shoulder were recorded via the isokinetic system pro 4. The upper quarter Y Balance Test determined the shoulder dynamic stability. Results No statistically significant differences were observed for JPS and TTDPM of shoulder internal and external rotator muscles; shoulder stability however significantly increased only in the intervention group (p = 0.03, ηp2=0.02). Conclusion Upper quarter dynamic stability improvement due to the 11+S programme leads to volleyball players’ performance and may therefore contribute to a reduction in risk of sustaining injury if applied long-term. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered atIranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the number of IRCT20201030049193N1 at 04/12/2020.

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Effects of an Injury Prevention Program in CrossFit Athletes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1386-5188 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Martínez-Gómez ◽

Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽

Susana Moral-González ◽

Alejandro Lucia ◽

David Barranco-Gil

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Injury Incidence ◽

Warm Up ◽

Injury Prevention Program

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the effects of an injury prevention program in CrossFit athletes. Thirty-two CrossFit athletes were randomized to either an intervention group (n=16), that performed mobility and stability exercises during the warm-up of all CrossFit sessions for a 10-week period or to a control group (n=16) that kept performing their usual warm-up. Incidence of injuries (primary outcome) as well as average training loads, fatigue and pain perception were registered during the study. The overall injury incidence rate was 0.04 per 1000 training hours, with no differences between groups (p>0.05). Similarly, no between-group differences were found for injury severity, nor for average training volume, intensity, training load, pain, or fatigue perception during the study (all p>0.05 with trivial-to-small effect sizes). In summary, a 10-week injury prevention program consisting of stability and mobility exercises provided no benefits on injury rates, fatigue and pain perception in recreational CrossFit athletes. Further research might corroborate the preliminary evidence reported here.

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Effect of the FIFA 11+ soccer specific warm up programme on the incidence of injuries: A cluster-randomised controlled trial

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251839 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251839

Author(s):

Assuman Nuhu ◽

Jennifer Jelsma ◽

Kim Dunleavy ◽

Theresa Burgess

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Prevention Programme ◽

Control Group ◽

Warm Up ◽

Severity Of Injury ◽

The Impact ◽

Injury Prevention Programme

Background Soccer players incur injuries that typically affect their performance. Injuries are caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that call for multifactorial preventive interventions. The study examines the impact of the FIFA 11+ warm up programme on the incidence and severity of injuries in second division soccer players in Rwanda. Methods Twelve teams (309 players) were randomised in the intervention group and 12 teams (317 players) in the control group using a cluster randomized controlled trial with teams as the unit of randomization. Intervention group teams implemented the FIFA 11+ soccer specific warm-up programme during training and matches at least three times a week over seven months of the Rwandan soccer season. Control group teams continued with usual warm up exercises. The primary outcome of this study was the overall incidence of training and match injuries. Injuries, training and match exposure as well as severity categories were recorded per the F-MARC guidelines. Results A lower proportion of players sustained injuries in the intervention group (52%) compared to the control group (63%) (Odd ratio: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.5–0.9). A significantly lower rate ratio was observed in the intervention group for overall (RR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.5–0.8) and match (RR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.5–0.8) injuries. Compliance to the injury prevention programme was 77%. In the intervention group, the incidence of injury was similar across all teams and across the medium and highly compliant teams. There was a statistically significant 55% and 71% reduction of the rate of moderate and severe injuries in the intervention group respectively. Conclusion The 11+ warm up injury prevention programme resulted in a significant reduction in the odds of sustaining injuries. In addition, injuries sustained were less severe. The programme should be rolled out to all teams in Rwanda and may well result in a decrease in the incidence and severity of injury in similar contexts. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201505001045388).

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COACH EDUCATION IMPROVES ADHERENCE TO ACL INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMS: A CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967121s00070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽

pp. 2325967121S0007

Author(s):

Joseph Janosky

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Acl Injury ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Control Group ◽

Warm Up ◽

Cluster Randomized ◽

Acl Injury Prevention ◽

Sports Coaches

Background: ACL injury prevention programs have demonstrated limited impact on population health, due in part to poor adherence to expert recommendations by sports coaches. Neuromuscular training (NMT) serves as a protective factor against ACL injury and serves as a key component of many ACL injury prevention programs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an educational workshop for sports coaches on adherence to neuromuscular training (NMT) implementation recommendations. Methods: In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 22 teams in 8 high schools were randomized to either the intervention or control group. The intervention schools included 12 teams (5 female), and the control schools included 10 teams (4 female). The sports included basketball, volleyball, track and field, baseball, softball, and lacrosse. Coaches in the intervention group participated in a 60-minute educational workshop designed to teach coaches how to effectively implement a NMT program as a warm-up prior to team practice sessions and games. The schools in the control arm received print materials on recommended NMT exercises. Adherence to NMT implementation recommendation by sports coaches was the primary outcome. Eight data collectors, who were blinded to the teams’ assignment, were trained to observe each team’s practice or game 2-3 times a week. At each session, they completed a study questionnaire to identify the exercises completed by athletes during the team’s warm-up. They then recorded whether the coach 1) delivered exercise instructions, and 2) provided corrective cues. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to account for potential correlations among teams at the same school. Results: A total of 399 practices or games were observed over 2 seasons. A greater proportion of coaches in the intervention group provided cues to correct improper technique compared to coaches in the control group [difference=0.04 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.07, p=0.006]. In addition, more coaches in the intervention group completed a full NMT program [OR=4.62 (1.22, 17.50), p=0.02]. There was a similar proportion of coaches in the intervention and control groups who provided exercise instructions [difference=0.01 (95% CI: -0.02, 0.04), p<0.44]. Conclusions: Coach education can improve adherence to NMT implementation recommendations and the delivery of corrective cues during NMT sessions, which are both critical to reducing the risk of ACL injury. All coaches should receive in-person training that highlights the salience of NMT and provides the knowledge and skills required to effectively implement NMT sessions with young athletes.

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Online multifactorial prevention programme has no effect on the number of running-related injuries: a randomised controlled trial

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2018-099744 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (23) ◽

pp. 1479-1485 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tryntsje Fokkema ◽

Robert-Jan de Vos ◽

John M van Ochten ◽

Jan A N Verhaar ◽

Irene S Davis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Prevention Programme ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Recreational Runners ◽

Injury Prevention Programme

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of a multifactorial, online injury prevention programme on the number of running-related injuries (RRIs) in recreational runners.MethodsAdult recreational runners who registered for a running event (distances 5 km up to 42.195 km) were randomised into the intervention group or control group. Participants in the intervention group were given access to the online injury prevention programme, which consisted of information on evidence-based risk factors and advices to reduce the injury risk. Participants in the control group followed their regular preparation for the running event. The primary outcome measure was the number of self-reported RRIs in the time frame between registration for a running event and 1 month after the running event.ResultsThis trial included 2378 recreational runners (1252 men; mean [SD] age 41.2 [11.9] years), of which 1196 were allocated to the intervention group and 1182 to the control group. Of the participants in the intervention group 37.5% (95% CI 34.8 to 40.4) sustained a new RRI during follow-up, compared with 36.7% (95% CI 34.0 to 39.6) in the control group. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant difference between the intervention and control group (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.30). Furthermore, the prevention programme seemed to have a negative impact on the occurrence of new RRIs in the subgroup of runners with no injuries in the 12 months preceding the trial (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.70).ConclusionA multifactorial, online injury prevention programme did not decrease the total number of RRIs in recreational runners.Trial registration numberNTR5998.

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Promoting the Community's Ability to Detect and Respond to Suicide Risk Through an Online Bystander Intervention Model-Informed Tool

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000708 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Karien Hill ◽

Shawn Somerset ◽

Ralf Schwarzer ◽

Carina Chan

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Bystander Intervention ◽

Self Report ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Control Group ◽

Intervention Model ◽

Standard Material

Abstract. Background: The public health sector has advocated for more innovative, technology-based, suicide prevention education for the community, to improve their ability to detect and respond to suicide risk. Emerging evidence suggests addressing the bystander effect through the Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) in education material may have potential for suicide prevention. Aims: The current study aimed to assess whether BIM-informed tools can lead to improved readiness, confidence and intent in the community to detect and respond to suicide risk in others. Method: A sample of 281 adults recruited from the community participated in a randomized controlled trial comprising a factsheet designed according to the BIM (intervention group) and a standard factsheet about suicide and mental health (control group). Participants' self-reported detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent when presented with a suicidal peer was tested pre- and postintervention and compared across time and between groups. Results: The intervention group had significantly higher levels of detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent than the control group at postintervention (all p < .001) with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Limitations: The study was limited by a homogenous sample, too low numbers at follow-up to report, and self-report data only. Conclusion: This study demonstrates BIM-informed suicide prevention training may enhance the community's intervention readiness, confidence, and intent better than current standard material. Further testing in this area is recommended. While results were statistically significant, clinical significance requires further exploration.

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Breastfeeding Training through Role-Play and Effects on Mother-infant Attachment Behaviours: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.25159/2520-5293/6232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farokh Saljughi ◽

Mitra Savabi-Esfahani ◽

Shahnaz Kohan ◽

Soheila Ehsanpour

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Role Play ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Maternal Behaviour ◽

Infant Attachment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

Mother-infant attachment is an intimate, lasting and satisfying relationship that leads to better cognitive, emotional and social growth of the infant. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breastfeeding training by role-play on mother-infant attachment behaviours. This research was a randomised clinical trial (parallel design). Inclusion criteria were: no history of mental disorders; ability to read and write the Persian language to complete the questionnaire; no history of drug and tobacco intake in primigravida women. The sample comprised 100 pregnant women (in 2 groups), selected through simple random sampling at healthcare centres. The researcher reviewed prenatal care registries of selected healthcare centres and extracted the names of pregnant women in their early third trimester. The data were imported into randomisation software. The control group received routine breastfeeding training, while the intervention group received routine training together with training through role-play. The data collection tool was the Maternal Behaviour Inventory Questionnaire. Consequently 75 samples were analysed in SPSS16. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to examine the difference between the two groups. Results showed that the mean score of mother-infant attachment one week after delivery was significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison to that in the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in maternal age, age of marriage, neonatal gender, maternal employment and education, number of parity, and number of abortions (P>0.05). Since breastfeeding training through role-play could affect mother-infant attachment, it is suggested that this type of training should be provided for pregnant women to promote mother-infant attachment and exclusive breastfeeding.

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