scholarly journals Mesenteric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor as a rare cause of small intestinal intussusception

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina Alabbas ◽  
Mohsen Issa ◽  
Ammar Omran ◽  
Rana Issa
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumor ◽  
Intestinal Intussusception ◽  
Benign Mesenchymal Tumor ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon, usually benign, mesenchymal tumor. IMT affects people of all ages, but it more commonly occurs in children and adolescents. Also, it has the potential to arise in any part of the body, though, it frequently develops in the lungs and mesentery. In this report, we discuss a rare clinical manifestation of mesenteric IMT presented as intussusception of the small intestine in a 7-year-old child.

scholarly journals Case Report: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor causes formation of an ileal conglomerate in a patient previously treated for Wilms’ tumor

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Julie Leganger ◽  
Rikke Raagaard Soerensen ◽  
Jacob Rosenberg ◽  
Jakob Burcharth
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Intestinal

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are uncommon mesenchymal lesions classified by WHO as neoplasms of uncertain behavior. Morphologically, IMTs are composed of proliferating spindled myofibroblastic cells accompanied by a marked - usually chronic - inflammatory infiltrate. The etiology is unknown, but several theories have been suggested, including an association with Wilms’ tumor. IMTs are rarely diagnosed in adults and have been reported in various organs. IMTs are considered benign but with a potential to recur at their primary site. Case report: A 44-year-old female experienced intermittent severe abdominal pain, loose stools and a visible abdominal bulge. In early childhood the patient had been treated for a Wilms’ tumor. At admission Meckel’s diverticulitis was suspected, but during surgery a tumor in the terminal ileum, creating a conglomerate of small intestinal loops, was observed and completely resected.  The pathology report characterized the tumor as a histologically benign inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Postoperatively, the patient experienced several complications including an anastomotic leakage and subsequent formation of an abscess and transcutaneous fistula. Discussion: IMTs rarely arise in the small intestine, and to our knowledge the manifestation of a small intestine conglomerate has not been described previously. Making the diagnosis is difficult, and numerous differential diagnoses were possible in this case. Approximately 8-25% of IMTs in the gastrointestinal tract recur locally. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice, and re-excision is the preferred therapy for local recurrence.  To our knowledge, no guidelines concerning follow-ups are available. Conclusion: IMTs in the terminal ileum can mimic Meckel’s diverticulitis and present with symptoms of obstructive ileus due to the formation of a conglomerate of small intestinal loops. Furthermore, IMTs should be considered as a diagnostic possibility in patients with a past medical history of Wilms’ tumor.

Structure and function of the gut

2010 ◽  
pp. 2201-2204
Author(s):  
D.G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube stretching from the oral cavity through the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum to the anal sphincter. Its function is the transport, digestion, and elimination of ingested material to supply nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes that are essential for life, together with the protection of the rest of the body from injurious or allergenic material. The stomach acts as a storage, sterilizing, and digestive tank; the small intestine is the major site of digestion and absorption; the colon’s function is to salvage water and electrolyte from the small intestinal effluent; and the rectum provides a storage function, enabling the elimination of colonic residue (defecation) to be restricted to times of personal convenience....

Scrotal Lipoma - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunath S. Naregal ◽  
Prashanth K ◽  
Ramachandra K. R.
Keyword(s):  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumor ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Benign Mesenchymal Tumor

Lipoma is one of the commonest benign mesenchymal tumor. It occurs with an incidence of 1% of the population. It is composed of fat cells of adult type. It may occur any where in the body, hence called Universal tumor or ubiquitous tumor. But lipomas with in the scrotum are rare and are included under para testicular or extra testicular tumors. To date, definite etiology of lipoma remains uncertain. One theory suggests cytokine release may trigger pre-adipocyte differentiation and maturation. Here we report a case of scrotal lipoma presented as a painless swelling in the scrotum.

Strongyloides ratti: transplantation of adults recovered from the small intestine at different days after infection into the colon of naive and infection-primed Wistar rats, and the effect of antioxidant treatment on large intestinal parasitism

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. SHINTOKU ◽  
H. TAKAGI ◽  
T. KADOSAKA ◽  
F. NAGAOKA ◽  
S. KONDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Worm Expulsion ◽  
Intestinal Parasitism ◽  
Small Intestinal

SUMMARYStrongyloides ratti (Nagoya strain) is unique in that a portion of adults parasitizing the small intestine withstands ‘worm expulsion’, which starts at around day 8 post-infection (p.i.) by host immunity, and establishes in the large intestine after day 19 p.i. To investigate the mechanism, adults obtained from the small intestine at day 7 or 19 p.i. were transplanted into the colon of infection-primed immune rats. Adults obtained at day 7 p.i. were rejected quickly, whereas those obtained at day 19 p.i. could establish infection. Moreover, the body length and the number of intrauterine eggs increased in the large intestine. In a separate experiment, large intestinal parasitism was abolished by the treatment of host rats with an anti-oxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole. These results indicate that small intestinal adults between days 7 and 19 p.i. acquired the ability to parasitize the large intestine of immune rats, and that free radicals produced by the host may have played a significant role in the process.

Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
pp. 2721-2726
Author(s):  
Michael E.B. FitzPatrick ◽  
Satish Keshav
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube stretching from the oral cavity through the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum to the anal sphincter. Its function is the transport, digestion, and elimination of ingested material to supply nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes that are essential for life, together with the protection of the rest of the body from injurious or allergenic material. The stomach acts as a storage, sterilizing, and digestive tank; the small intestine is the major site of digestion and absorption; the colon’s function is to salvage water and electrolytes from the small intestinal effluent; and the rectum provides a storage function, enabling the elimination of colonic residue (defecation) to be restricted to times of personal convenience.

scholarly journals Case Report: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor causes formation of an ileal conglomerate in a patient previously treated for Wilms’ tumor

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Julie Leganger ◽  
Rikke Raagaard Soerensen ◽  
Jacob Rosenberg ◽  
Jakob Burcharth
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Intestinal

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are uncommon mesenchymal lesions classified by WHO as neoplasms of uncertain behavior. Morphologically, IMTs are composed of proliferating spindled myofibroblastic cells accompanied by a marked - usually chronic - inflammatory infiltrate. The etiology is unknown, but several theories have been suggested, including an association with Wilms’ tumor. IMTs are rarely diagnosed in adults and have been reported in various organs. IMTs are considered benign but with a potential to recur at their primary site. Case report: A 44-year-old female experienced intermittent severe abdominal pain, loose stools and a visible abdominal bulge. In early childhood the patient had been treated for a Wilms’ tumor. At admission Meckel’s diverticulitis was suspected, but during surgery a tumor in the terminal ileum, creating a conglomerate of small intestinal loops, was observed and completely resected.  The pathology report characterized the tumor as a histologically benign inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Postoperatively, the patient experienced several complications including an anastomotic leakage and subsequent formation of an abscess and transcutaneous fistula. Discussion: IMTs rarely arise in the small intestine, and to our knowledge the manifestation of a small intestine conglomerate has not been described previously. Making the diagnosis is difficult, and numerous differential diagnoses were possible in this case. Approximately 8-25% of IMTs in the gastrointestinal tract recur locally. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice, and re-excision is the preferred therapy for local recurrence.  To our knowledge, no guidelines concerning follow-ups are available. Conclusion: IMTs in the terminal ileum can mimic Meckel’s diverticulitis and present with symptoms of obstructive ileus due to the formation of a conglomerate of small intestinal loops. Furthermore, IMTs should be considered as a diagnostic possibility in patients with a past medical history of Wilms’ tumor.

Association between muscle strength and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago R. de Lima ◽  
Priscila C. Martins ◽  
Giuseppe L. Torre ◽  
Alice Mannocci ◽  
Kelly S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reference List

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence for the association between muscle strength (MS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents. Five databases (Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to November 2019 with complementary reference list searches. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the relationship between MS and MetS or MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents (≤19 years of age). Risk of bias was assessed using standard procedures. From the total of 15,599 articles initially identified, 13 articles were included, representing 11,641 children and adolescents. Higher MS values were associated with lower risk for MetS or combinations of risk factors for MetS (n=11/13 studies). Of the total of included studies, about 23.1% (03/13) were longitudinal and all included studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias. This review provides preliminary evidence for a beneficial relationship between MS and MetS among children and adolescents. Additionally, although the body of evidence points to the beneficial relationship between higher MS and lower risk for combination of factors for MetS in children and adolescents, this relationship is inconclusive.

scholarly journals 695 Oral delivery of a microbial extracellular vesicle induces potent anti-tumor immunity in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A737-A737
Author(s):  
Loise Francisco-Anderson ◽  
Loise Francisco-Anderson ◽  
Mary Abdou ◽  
Michael Goldberg ◽  
Erin Troy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibition ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe small intestinal axis (SINTAX) is a network of anatomic and functional connections between the small intestine and the rest of the body. It acts as an immunosurveillance system, integrating signals from the environment that affect physiological processes throughout the body. The impact of events in the gut in the control of tumor immunity is beginning to be appreciated. We have previously shown that an orally delivered single strain of commensal bacteria induces anti-tumor immunity preclinically via pattern recognition receptor-mediated activation of innate and adaptive immunity. Some bacteria produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that share molecular content with the parent bacterium in a particle that is roughly 1/1000th the volume in a non-replicating form. We report here an orally-delivered and gut-restricted bacterial EV which potently attenuates tumor growth to a greater extent than whole bacteria or checkpoint inhibition.MethodsEDP1908 is a preparation of extracellular vesicles produced by a gram-stain negative strain of bacterium of the Oscillospiraceae family isolated from a human donor. EDP1908 was selected for its immunostimulatory profile in a screen of EVs from a range of distinct microbial strains. Its mechanism of action was determined by ex vivo analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and by in vitro functional studies with murine and human cells.ResultsOral treatment of tumor-bearing mice with EDP1908 shows superior control of tumor growth compared to checkpoint inhibition (anti-PD-1) or an intact microbe. EDP1908 significantly increased the percentage of IFNγ and TNF producing CD8+ CTLs, NK cells, NKT cells and CD4+ cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). EDP1908 also increased tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DC1 and DC2). Analysis of cytokines in the TME showed significant increases in IP-10 and IFNg production in mice treated with EDP1908, creating an environment conducive to the recruitment and activation of anti-tumor lymphocytes.ConclusionsThis is the first report of striking anti-tumor effects of an orally delivered microbial extracellular vesicle. These data point to oral EVs as a new class of immunotherapeutic drugs. They are particularly effective at harnessing the biology of the small intestinal axis, acting locally on host cells in the gut to control distal immune responses within the TME. EDP1908 is in preclinical development for the treatment of cancer.Ethics ApprovalPreclinical murine studies were conducted under the approval of the Avastus Preclinical Services’ Ethics Board. Human in vitro samples were attained by approval of the IntegReview Ethics Board; informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

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