Application of EU energy and certain national laws of Baltic sea countries to the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project

2017 ◽  
pp. jww037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Talus
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Nord Stream

SAWL 485 for 48” Offshore Application in Thickness up to 41 mm

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Schwinn ◽  
Alexander Parunov ◽  
Ju¨rgen Bauer ◽  
Pavel Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Diameter Pipe ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Large Diameter Pipes ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

Vyksa Steel Works (VSW), part of United Metallurgical Company (OMK), has manufactured a trial batch of large diameter pipes for subsea pipelines in accordance with the DNV-OS-F101 standard and the specification of the Nord Stream project. The plates were produced by Dillinger Hu¨tte (DH). The batch included 1,220 mm (48″) diameter pipes of steel grade SAWL 485 (X70) with a wall thickness of 33 mm and 36 mm. All the requirements were met and OMK/VSW became Russia’s and the CIS’s first qualified producer of subsea pipes in accordance with DNV-OS-F101. In order to meet these high-class property requirements for thick wall pipes a successful development program was performed. The development program is outlined and the test results are explained. As a further consequence of the successful qualification work VSW became one of the two suppliers for the world’s largest and first 48″ diameter pipe subsea pipeline project (Nord Stream). Pipes will be supplied for the most sophisticated segment with wall thicknesses of 30.9 mm, 34.6 mm and even 41.0 mm. Results of manufacturing procedure qualification testing (MPQT) and start of production are presented.

Ukraine will seek a louder voice in adverse conditions

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Nord Stream

Significance Just as Zelensky's July 2019 phone call with then President Donald Trump was fading from memory, Biden's green light for the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project, in a deal with Germany, has undermined Ukraine's confidence in both countries. Kyiv is now seeking to make its own voice heard and assert its rights as a significant player rather than a pawn in international affairs. Impacts Kyiv will present the Biden summit as an achievement, whatever the outcome, although this is unlikely to affect Zelensky's ratings. The opposition will place the blame for Nord Stream 2 squarely on the Zelensky administration. Biden's decisions on Afghanistan will increase Ukrainian worries about US foreign policy commitments.

More sanctions support US interests but not activity

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic

Subject US sanctions. Significance The US government views the new Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, running from Russia to Germany under the Baltic Sea, as increasing European dependence on Russian fuels when the Russian government is reasserting its influence in Eastern and Central Europe. The US administration has imposed extraterritorial sanctions against corporations constructing the pipeline. This may simply be a tactic to encourage more European purchases of US natural gas, but it is also consistent with the US administration’s mercantilist attitude towards trade. Impacts Nord Stream 2 sanctions will hurt some European firms, akin to the effect of US sanctions against European firms still operating in Iran. No evidence shows that the US policy is improving firms’ sales, which may discourage firms from currying favour with the administration. The US corruption probe into Airbus may boost Boeing and Lockheed Martin in the US market and make it harder for China’s COMAC to enter.

scholarly journals On the environmental history of chemical munitions disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea: “Nord Stream” projects

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Alekseevna Babintseva ◽  
Elizaveta Dmitrievna Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Level

Bases on the example of Baltic Region, the question is raised on the conservation of water resources in the context of environmental history and international cooperation. Special attention is given to the threats and risks of anthropogenic interference in the zones of chemical weapons disposal at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. The key goal of this research lies in comprehensive assessment and approach towards the problem of negative human interference into the natural environment of the Baltic water area. The article considers the instances of the emergence of a direct threat of environmental disaster, as well as a range of factors that reflect the consequences of postwar historical events. Assessment is given to the actual risks of the emergence of high level of threat to hydrological resources and adjacent territories. The novelty of this article consists in examination of the danger caused by chemical munitions disposal in the Baltic Sea in the context of construction of the “Nord Stream” and “Nord Stream – 2” export gas pipelines. The conclusion is made on the high risk of depressurization of submerged ships with chemical disposal due to inadvertent operation in the water area and neglect of the regulated environmental norms and standards. The authors note politicization of the environmental assessment of activity of the curators of the “Nord Stream” project; indicate their scrupulous compliance with the international environmental standards and territorial planning of construction in hazardous zones. The authors consider the impossibility of elimination of the negative impact of distribution of harmful substances in the Baltic Sea; however, note the possibility of minimizing the risks and maintaining the stability of the inland sea in the conditions of further anthropogenic exploitation.

Nord Stream Project: Ecopolitical, Economical And Security Field Considerations

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Värk ◽  
M Nutt ◽  
J Martin
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Green Line ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic

Current article describes shortly about formation of the Nord Stream project and shows clearly economical, financial and other weaknesses of this project. Authors deal with supply sources of Nord Stream project and show that despite to several ecological risks and high cost of this project, several European states inspirited from interests of their good energetic supply, agreed to participate in it under the factual leadership of Russian state concern Gazprom. Authors turn attention to the decision of the Estonian leadership not to participate in this project, taking into the consideration not only ecological aspects, but some security and military aspects also. Unfortunately Estonian parliament (Riigikogu) decided to discuss seriously about influences of the Nord Stream project too late, when Finland, Sweden, Denmark and other participator-countries were given from their governments “green line” for needful to Nord Stream project sea-bottom researches and other operations. Authors show, that for Russian leadership this project has strategic importance, because it increases drastically Russian influence to the states near the Baltic Sea. 

scholarly journals The Question of Applicability: EU Law or International Law in Nord Stream 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-147
Author(s):  
Paul Gragl
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Energy Charter Treaty ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Security Standards ◽  
The Eu

Seeing that a bilateral agreement between the EU and Russia on the Nord Stream 2 pipeline project is highly unlikely to be concluded due to political considerations, this paper enquires which existing legal regime is applicable to the governing of this pipeline, especially in order to guarantee solidarity and security within the EU energy market through third-party access and unbundling requirements. The question is whether EU law in general (which the Council denies) or international law applies, and if the latter, which specific regime(s): the Energy Charter Treaty, wto law, the law of the sea, or a combination of regimes? Lastly, this paper also investigates whether and to what extent these international law regimes might guarantee the same solidarity and energy security standards as EU law.

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