scholarly journals Two subgroups of receptor-like kinases promote early compatible pollen responses in the Arabidopsis thaliana pistil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyung Lee ◽  
Daphne R Goring
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Peptide Ligands ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pollen Hydration ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Compatible Pollen

Abstract In flowering plants, cell–cell communication between the compatible pollen grain/growing pollen tube and the pistil is an essential component for successful sexual reproduction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the later stages of this dialogue are mediated by several peptide ligands and receptors that guide pollen tubes to the ovules for the release of sperm cells. Despite a detailed understanding of these processes, a key gap remains regarding the nature of the regulators that function at the earlier stages which are essential steps leading to fertilization. Here, we report on new functions for A. thaliana Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK) genes belonging to the LRR-II and LRR-VIII-2 RLK subgroups in the female reproductive tract to regulate compatible pollen hydration and the early stages of pollen tube growth. Mutant pistils for the A. thaliana RKF1 gene cluster were observed to support reduced wild-type pollen hydration and, when combined with the SERK1 and SERK3/BAK1 mutations, reduced pollen tube travel distances occurred. As these mutant pistils displayed a wild-type morphology, we propose that the observed altered compatible pollen responses result from an impaired pollen–pistil dialogue at these early stages.

scholarly journals Two groups of Arabidopsis receptor kinases preferentially regulate the growth of intraspecies pollen tubes in the female reproductive tract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyung Lee ◽  
Daphne R. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Compatible Pollen

SummaryIn flowering plants, continuous cell-cell communication between the compatible male pollen grain/growing pollen tube and the female pistil is required for successful sexual reproduction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the later stages of this dialogue are mediated by several peptide ligands and receptor kinases that guide pollen tubes to the ovules for the release of sperm cells. Despite a detailed understanding of these processes, a key gap remains on the nature of the regulators that function at the earlier stages. Here, we report on two groups of A. thaliana receptor kinases, the LRR-VIII-2 RK subclass and the SERKs, that function in the female reproductive tract to regulate the compatible pollen grains and early pollen tube growth, both essential steps for the downstream processes leading to fertilization. Multiple A. thaliana LRR-VIII-2 RK and SERK knockout mutant combinations were created, and several phenotypes were observed such as reduced wild-type pollen hydration and reduced pollen tube travel distances. As these mutant pistils displayed a wild-type morphology, the observed altered responses of the wild-type pollen are proposed to result from the loss of these receptor kinases leading to an impaired pollen-pistil dialogue at these early stages. Furthermore, using pollen from related Brassicaceae species, we also discovered that these receptor kinases are required in the female reproductive tract to establish a reproductive barrier to interspecies pollen. Thus, we propose that the LRR-VIII-2 RKs and the SERKs play a dual role in the preferential selection and promotion of intraspecies pollen over interspecies pollen.

scholarly journals A NovelIn VivoInfection Model To Study Papillomavirus-Mediated Disease of the Female Reproductive Tract

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Spurgeon ◽  
Aayushi Uberoi ◽  
Stephanie M. McGregor ◽  
Tao Wei ◽  
Ella Ward-Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Exogenous Estrogen ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTPapillomaviruses exhibit species-specific tropism, thereby limiting understanding and research of several aspects of HPV infection and carcinogenesis. The discovery of a murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) provides the opportunity to study papillomavirus infections in a tractable,in vivolaboratory model. MmuPV1 infects and causes disease in the cutaneous epithelium, as well as the mucosal epithelia of the oral cavity and anogenital tract. In this report, we describe a murine model of MmuPV1 infection and neoplastic disease in the female reproductive tracts of wild-type immunocompetent FVB mice. Low-grade dysplastic lesions developed in reproductive tracts of FVB mice infected with MmuPV1 for 4 months, and mice infected for 6 months developed significantly worse disease, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We also tested the contribution of estrogen and/or UV radiation (UVR), two cofactors we previously identified as being involved in papillomavirus-mediated disease, to cervicovaginal disease. Similar to HPV16 transgenic mice, exogenous estrogen treatment induced high-grade precancerous lesions in the reproductive tracts of MmuPV1-infected mice by 4 months and together with MmuPV1 efficiently induced SCC by 6 months. UV radiation and exogenous estrogen cooperated to promote carcinogenesis in MmuPV1-infected mice. This murine infection model represents the first instance ofde novopapillomavirus-mediated carcinogenesis in the female reproductive tract of wild-type mice resulting from active virus infection and is also the first report of the female hormone estrogen contributing to this process. This model will provide an additional platform for fundamental studies on papillomavirus infection, cervicovaginal disease, and the role of cellular cofactors during papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis.IMPORTANCETractable and efficient models of papillomavirus-induced pathogenesis are limited due to the strict species-specific and tissue-specific tropism of these viruses. Here, we report a novel preclinical murine model of papillomavirus-induced cervicovaginal disease in wild-type, immunocompetent mice using the recently discovered murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1. In this model, MmuPV1 establishes persistent viral infections in the mucosal epithelia of the female reproductive tract, a necessary component needed to accurately mimic HPV-mediated neoplastic disease in humans. Persistent MmuPV1 infections were able to induce progressive neoplastic disease and carcinogenesis, either alone or in combination with previously identified cofactors of papillomavirus-induced disease. This new model will provide a much-needed platform for basic and translational studies on both papillomavirus infection and associated disease in immunocompetent mice.

scholarly journals Identification of a role for an E6-like 1 gene in early pollen-stigma interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Doucet ◽  
Christina Truong ◽  
Elizabeth Frank-Webb ◽  
Hyun Kyung Lee ◽  
Anna Daneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Fusion Construct ◽  
Pollen Hydration ◽  
Stigma Surface ◽  
Stigmatic Papillae ◽  
Compatible Pollen

AbstractIn Arabidopsis, successful pollen-stigma interactions are dependent on rapid recognition of compatible pollen by the stigmatic papillae located on the surface of the pistil and the subsequent regulation of pollen hydration and germination, and followed by the growth of pollen tubes through the stigma surface. Here we have described the function of a novel gene, E6-like 1 (E6L1), that was identified through the analysis of transcriptome datasets, as one of highest-expressed genes in the stigma, and furthermore, its expression was largely restricted to the stigma and trichomes. The first E6 gene was initially identified as a highly-expressed gene during cotton fiber development, and related E6-like predicted proteins are found throughout the Angiosperms. To date, no orthologous genes have been assigned a biological function. Both the Arabidopsis E6L1 and cotton E6 proteins are predicted to be secreted, and this was confirmed using an E6L1:RFP fusion construct. To further investigate E6L1’s function, one T-DNA and two independent CRISPR-generated mutants were analyzed for compatible pollen-stigma interactions, and pollen hydration, pollen adhesion and seed set were mildly impaired for the e6l1 mutants. This work identifies E6L1 as a novel stigmatic factor that plays a role during the early post-pollination stages in Arabidopsis.Key MessageWe describe a function for a novel Arabidopsis gene, E6-like 1 (E6L1), that was identified as a highly-expressed gene in the stigma and plays a role in early post-pollination stages.

scholarly journals Mutation of Aquaporin Gene PIP2;5 Postpones Pollen Hydration in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Su Jian ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Na Sui ◽  
Xian Sheng Zhang ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pollen Hydration ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Aquaporin Gene ◽  
Dna Insertion ◽  
Germination And Growth

In flowering plants with dry stigmas, pollen hydration involves water movement, which may be facilitated by aquaporins. To explore the possibility underlying this biological process, we identified and characterized a mutant with a T-DNA insertion in PIP2;5, which encodes an aquaporin with water channel activity in the PIP2 subfamily. We monitored the pollination process (pollen hydration, germination, and pollen tube growth) of wild type pollen on stigmas of the mutant and wild type. Pollen hydration was postponed on the stigmas of the mutant, compared with that on wild type stigmas. However, pollen tube germination and growth was unaffected in the mutant. The PIP2;5 protein was located in the cell plasma membrane and was preferentially expressed in the stigma. Based on our results, we concluded that PIP2;5 might play an important role in water movement during pollen hydration.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in the Oviduct: Progress, Challenges and Implications for the Reproductive Success

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almiñana ◽  
Bauersachs
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Reproductive Events

The oviduct is the anatomical part of the female reproductive tract where the early reproductive events take place, from gamete transport, fertilization and early embryo development to the delivery of a competent embryo to the uterus, which can implant and develop to term. The success of all these events rely upon a two-way dialogue between the oviduct (lining epithelium and secretions) and the gametes/embryo(s). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as major components of oviductal secretions and pointed to as mediators of the gamete/embryo-maternal interactions. EVs, comprising exosomes and microvesicles, have emerged as important agents of cell-to-cell communication by the transfer of biomolecules (i.e., mRNAs, miRNAs, proteins) that can modulate the activities of recipient cells. Here, we provide the current knowledge of EVs in the oviductal environment, from isolation to characterization, and a description of the EVs molecular content and associated functional aspects in different species. The potential role of oviductal EVs (oEVs) as modulators of gamete/embryo-oviduct interactions and their implications in the success of early reproductive events is addressed. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and future directions towards the potential application of oEVs as therapeutic vectors to improve pregnancy disorders, infertility problems and increase the success of assisted reproductive technologies.

scholarly journals Regulation of porcupine-dependent Wnt signaling is essential for uterine development and function

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Farah ◽  
Steffen Biechele ◽  
Janet Rossant ◽  
Daniel Dufort
Keyword(s):  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Endometrial Gland ◽  
Gfp Reporter ◽  
And Function

Six members of the Wnt family are expressed in the female reproductive tract. Their collective function ensures proper development of the uterus, preparing it for pregnancy during adulthood. Here, we take advantage of the fact thatPorcn,a prerequisite for all Wnt secretion, is located on the X chromosome, to generate females that were mosaic forPorcnthroughout the reproductive tract.Porcnflox/+females were mated with progesterone receptor (Pgr)-Cre males (PgrCre/+) to generate females that were heterozygous for Porcupine in all tissues of the female reproductive tract, resulting in mosaicism due to random X-inactivation. We demonstrated thatPorcnmosaic females are extremely subfertile and exhibit a large spectrum of phenotypes ranging from morphologically normal uteri to uteri with extremely enlarged cystic glands. Decreased fertility in Porcupine mosaic females was not associated with phenotype severity and was observed regardless of whether or not cystic glands were enlarged. By crossing-in a GFP reporter on the wild-type X chromosome, we were able to correlate endometrial gland hyperplasia with a mostlyPorcupinemutant stroma, demonstrating the role of stromal Wnts in the regulation of endometrial gland proliferation. Finally, we demonstrated that fertility issues within mosaic females were due to a reduced response to estrogen and to abnormal Tcf/Lef signaling across the mesometrial-anti-mesometrial axis during the window of implantation.

scholarly journals The HECATE genes regulate female reproductive tract development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Development ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (20) ◽  
pp. 3593-3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gremski ◽  
G. Ditta ◽  
M. F. Yanofsky
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract

Stromal-Epithelial Cell Communication in the Female Reproductive Tract

1998 ◽  
pp. 491-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Cooke ◽  
David L. Buchanan ◽  
Takeshi Kurita ◽  
Dennis B. Lubahn ◽  
Gerald R. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract

scholarly journals Female gametophyte expressed Arabidopsis thaliana lipid transfer proteins AtLtpI.4 and AtLtpI.8 provide a link between callose homeostasis, pollen tube guidance, and fertilization success

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushbu Kumari ◽  
Meng Zhao ◽  
Sebastian Britz ◽  
Christine Weiste ◽  
Wolfgang Dröge-Laser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Lipid Transfer Proteins ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance

ABSTRACTNon-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) represent a sub-class among the large family of Cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) specific to land plants. LTPs possess a hydrophobic cavity, enabling them to bind and stabilize a variety of lipid molecules outside membranes. In line with the existence of an N-terminal signal peptide, secreted LTPs represent a well-suited mobile signal carrier in the plant’s extracellular matrix. Thus, LTPs are currently considered as key players to mediate the bulk flow of lipids between membranes/compartments as well as the buildup of lipid barrier polymers including cutin and suberin.Here, we show that floral expressed Arabidopsis thaliana AtLtpI.4 (AtLTP2) and AtLtpI.8 (AtLTP5), mutually control cell-cell communication between growing pollen tubes and ovules during fertilization. Arabidopsis mutants lacking functional AtLtpI.4 and AtLtpI.8 exhibit significantly reduced fertilization success. Cross-pollination and cell biological analyses revealed that AtLtpI.4/I.8 double mutants are impaired in pollen tube guidance towards ovules. Our finding that the AtLtpI.4/I.8 phenotype correlates with aberrant callose depositions in the micropylar region during ovule development suggests that both LTPs represent novel players of a joint signaling pathway that controls callose homeostasis in the female gametophyte.

scholarly journals Expression of three t-complex genes, Tcp-1, D17Leh117c3, and D17Leh66, in purified murine spermatogenic cell populations

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Willison ◽  
G. Hynes ◽  
P. Davies ◽  
A. Goldsborough ◽  
V. A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
T Complex ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Unit Gravity Sedimentation

SummaryTransmission ratio distortion (TRD) is a property of the complete t-haplotype which results in the preferential transmission of the t-haplotype chromosome from heterozygous t/+ males to the majority of the progeny. Available data suggest that in t/+ males, a dysfunction of the wild-type sperm within the female reproductive tract is responsible for the observed deviation from Mendelian segregation ratios. Genetically, Lyon has shown that multiple loci within the t-complex are required for maximum levels of TRD. These loci include multiple t-complex distorters (Teds) which act upon a single t-complex responder (Ter). Testis-expressed genes have been cloned which map to the same subregions of the t-complex as the Teds and Ter and are thus considered candidate genes for the products of these loci. To begin to understand how the products of these loci biochemically control TRD, the expression of three TRD-candidate genes (Tcp-1, D17Leh117c3, and D17Leh66) has been determined in populations of spermatocytes and differentiated spermatids purified to near homogeneity by unit gravity sedimentation. Fractions covering the entire gradient were analysed resulting in a more accurate picture of the precise timing of expression than previously reported. Transcription of all three genes was up-regulated in pachytene primary spermatocytes and persisted at stable levels through the haploid spermatid stages. Significantly, only levels of mRNA encoded by D17Leh66, the candidate gene for Tcr, increased from early round to elongating-stage spermatids. If this pattern of expression does, in fact, represent Tcr, these data provide the first direct evidence that wild-type and t-haplotype Tcr elements could be differentially expressed in haploid spermatids.

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