scholarly journals Peptide signalling during the pollen tube journey and double fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (17) ◽  
pp. 5139-5150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Jia Qu ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Zijun Lan ◽  
Thomas Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Double Fertilization

scholarly journals Signaling at Physical Barriers during Pollen–Pistil Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12230
Author(s):  
Kayleigh J. Robichaux ◽  
Ian S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Transmitting Tract ◽  
Guidance Cues ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Stigmatic Papillae

In angiosperms, double fertilization requires pollen tubes to transport non-motile sperm to distant egg cells housed in a specialized female structure known as the pistil, mediating the ultimate fusion between male and female gametes. During this journey, the pollen tube encounters numerous physical barriers that must be mechanically circumvented, including the penetration of the stigmatic papillae, style, transmitting tract, and synergid cells as well as the ultimate fusion of sperm cells to the egg or central cell. Additionally, the pollen tube must maintain structural integrity in these compact environments, while responding to positional guidance cues that lead the pollen tube to its destination. Here, we discuss the nature of these physical barriers as well as efforts to genetically and cellularly identify the factors that allow pollen tubes to successfully, specifically, and quickly circumnavigate them.

The synergid cell: attractor and acceptor of the pollen tube for double fertilization

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Higashiyama
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Synergid Cell

Female gametophyte-controlled pollen tube guidance

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Luiza Márton ◽  
Thomas Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance ◽  
Communication Events ◽  
Extensive Cell

During the evolution of flowering plants, their sperm cells have lost mobility and are transported from the stigma to the female gametophyte via the pollen tube to achieve double fertilization. Pollen tube growth and guidance is largely governed by the maternal sporophytic tissues of the stigma, style and ovule. However, the last phase of the pollen tube path is under female gametophyte control and is expected to require extensive cell–cell communication events between both gametophytes. Until recently, little was known about the molecules produced by the female gametophyte that are involved in this process. In the present paper, we review the most recent development in this field and focus on the role of secreted candidate signalling ligands.

scholarly journals Pollen Tube Growth and Double Fertilization in Camellia oleifera

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Gao ◽  
Deyi Yuan ◽  
Ya Yang ◽  
Bifang Wang ◽  
Dongming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Polar Nucleus ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Primary Endosperm Nucleus

Camellia oleifera is an important plant species that produces edible oils. Understanding the double fertilization of this plant is critical for studies concerning crossbreeding, self-incompatibility, and the biological mechanisms underlying hybridization. We aimed to characterize pollen tube growth and double fertilization in C. oleifera. The female and male parent cultivars (Huashuo and Xianglin XLC15, respectively) were used for artificial pollination. Growth of the pollen tube in the style, ovary, and ovule from pollination to fertilization and the cytological characteristics of female and male gamete fusion during double fertilization were observed using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Numerous pollen grains germinated 2 to 4 hours after pollination. The pollen tubes entered the interspaces between the papillar cells, grew along the stylar canal, and aggregated at the one-third site of the style. They grew in the gradually narrowing stylar canal, entering the locule. The tubes turned 90° and entered the embryo sac through the micropyle; subsequently, they entered a degenerated synergid, where the spermatids were released. One sperm nucleus fused with the polar nucleus, forming the primary endosperm nucleus, whereas the other sperm fused with the egg, forming the zygote. The polar nucleus was fertilized earlier than the egg. Double fertilization of C. oleifera is characterized as pre-mitotic gametogony. The current results lay a theoretical foundation for studies concerning the crossbreeding and embryology of C. oleifera and provide fundamental data concerning the reproductive biology of the genus Camellia.

scholarly journals Pollen tube-triggered accumulation of NORTIA at the filiform apparatus facilitates fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yan Ju ◽  
Daniel S. Jones ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Noel Lucca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Filiform Apparatus ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Synergid Cell ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

AbstractDuring gamete delivery in Arabidopsis thaliana, intercellular communication between the attracted pollen tube and the receptive synergid cell leads to subcellular events in both cells culminating in the rupture of the tip-growing pollen tube and release of the sperm cells to achieve double fertilization. Live imaging of pollen tube reception revealed dynamic subcellular changes that occur in the female synergid cells. Pollen tube arrival triggers the trafficking of NORTIA (NTA) MLO protein from Golgi-associated compartments and the accumulation of endosomes at or near the synergid filiform apparatus, a membrane-rich region that acts as the site of communication between the pollen tube and synergids. Domain swaps and site-directed mutagenesis reveal that NTA’s C-terminal cytoplasmic tail with its calmodulin-binding domain influences the subcellular localization and function of NTA in pollen tube reception and that accumulation of NTA at the filiform apparatus is necessary and sufficient for MLO function in pollen tube reception.

Pathfinding in angiosperm reproduction: pollen tube guidance by pistils ensures successful double fertilization

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravishankar Palanivelu ◽  
Tatsuya Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance

scholarly journals Pollen tube contents initiate ovule enlargement and enhance seed coat development without fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. e1600554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryushiro D. Kasahara ◽  
Michitaka Notaguchi ◽  
Shiori Nagahara ◽  
Takamasa Suzuki ◽  
Daichi Susaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Pollen Tube Guidance ◽  
Tube Content ◽  
Endosperm Mutants ◽  
Autonomous Endosperm

In angiosperms, pollen tubes carry two sperm cells toward the egg and central cells to complete double fertilization. In animals, not only sperm but also seminal plasma is required for proper fertilization. However, little is known regarding the function of pollen tube content (PTC), which is analogous to seminal plasma. We report that the PTC plays a vital role in the prefertilization state and causes an enlargement of ovules without fertilization. We termed this phenomenon as pollen tube–dependent ovule enlargement morphology and placed it between pollen tube guidance and double fertilization. Additionally, PTC increases endosperm nuclei without fertilization when combined with autonomous endosperm mutants. This finding could be applied in agriculture, particularly in enhancing seed formation without fertilization in important crops.

scholarly journals Double fertilization in Helianthus

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Telżyńska ◽  
H. Telżyński
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sperm Nucleus ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Sperm Nuclei ◽  
Ribosome Formation

After controlled pollination of <i>Helianthus annuus</i> L. florets, the whole course of fertilization is described and documented on 24 microphotos. The timing of events is evaluated. The average cell cycle in the proembryo is 2 hours and the nuclear cycle in endosperm - 60 minutes.Plasmoptysis is suggested as the mechanism of pollen tube opening in the synergid. The structure of the thread-like sperm nucleus is interpreted as an end to end union of chromosomes, and the morphological changes of the sperm nuclei are explained as folding and coiling, based on a spiralization mechanism of chromosomes. Cytochemical observations indicating ribosome formation in the course of the nuclear cycles in the endosperm are described. The mechanisms accelerating nuclear cycles in the endosperm are discussed.

scholarly journals The Long Journey of Pollen Tube in the Pistil

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Yang Zheng ◽  
Xian-Ju Lin ◽  
Hui-Min Liang ◽  
Fang-Fei Wang ◽  
Li-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Tubular Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Double Fertilization ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Pass Through

In non-cleistogamous plants, the male gametophyte, the pollen grain is immotile and exploits various agents, such as pollinators, wind, and even water, to arrive to a receptive stigma. The complex process of pollination involves a tubular structure, i.e., the pollen tube, which delivers the two sperm cells to the female gametophyte to enable double fertilization. The pollen tube has to penetrate the stigma, grow in the style tissues, pass through the septum, grow along the funiculus, and navigate to the micropyle of the ovule. It is a long journey for the pollen tube and its two sperm cells before they meet the female gametophyte, and it requires very accurate regulation to perform successful fertilization. In this review, we update the knowledge of molecular dialogues of pollen-pistil interaction, especially the progress of pollen tube activation and guidance, and give perspectives for future research.

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