Part IV Motor Vehicle Distribution, 11 Motor Vehicle Distribution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijckmans Frank ◽  
Tuytschaever Filip
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Secondary Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practice Regulation ◽  
Block Exemption

This chapter addresses the specific block exemption regime that applies to the automotive industry. The relevant regime is contained in Regulation 461/2010. Different from past practice, Regulation 461/2010 closely resembles the general block exemption (Regulation 330/2010) and limits itself to adding certain hardcore restrictions applicable in the secondary markets. The chapter provides an overview of the impact of the block exemption from the perspective of the various stakeholders active in the sector. It then goes on to describe separately the block exemption principles governing the distribution of motor vehicles, the provision of after-sales services, and the distribution of spare parts.

Developing Inter-Organizational-Trust in Business to Business E-Commerce Participation - Case Studies in the Automotive Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Pauline Ratnasingam
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Business To Business

Inter-organizational-systems such as EDI have been the main form of business-to business ecommerce participation in the automotive industry for the last two decades. Previous studies in EDI adoption mostly examined environmental, organizational and technological factors. This study draws insights developed within the sociology of technology, in which innovation is not simply a technicalrational process of solving problems, but involves economic, behavioral and political processes required for building inter-organizational trust. The transition to cooperative relationships between buyers and suppliers may be more difficult for automotive companies because of complexity, compatibility, long lead times and ingrained adversarial supplier relationships (Langfield-Smith & Greenwood, 1998). Therefore, trust is important as organizations need to cooperate, collaborate and communicate timely and relevant information, in order to facilitate EDI that entails not only technological proficiencies, but also trust between trading parties, so that business transactions are sent and received in an orderly fashion. An analysis of the trust behaviors that influence EDI adoption will be useful for evaluating EDI participation. The aim of this study is to address the following intriguing questions: How does trading partner trust impact EDI participation? How do issues relating to coercive power among trading partners impact inter-organizational trust?, and What is the importance of trust within an inter-organizational dyad. Ford has been using EDI since the electronic data transmissions commenced in 1988. The aim of EDI is to communicate production requirements of five car manufacturers (namely, Ford, General Motors Holden, Toyota, Mitsubishi and Nissan), to their component suppliers in order to meet the demands of the Australian and overseas motor vehicle markets. The automotive industry had more experience than other industries in developing inter-organizational relationships. Ford Australia was nationally and internationally popular because motor vehicles were exported to New Zealand and the Asia Pacific region.

Correlating Geographic Location with Incidence of Motor Vehicle–Induced Pedestrian Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Bhutiani ◽  
Keith R. Miller ◽  
Matthew V. Benns ◽  
Nicholas A. Nash ◽  
Glen A. Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
The Impact

To date, no studies have examined the relationship between geographic and socioeconomic factors and the frequency of pedestrians sustaining traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of location on the frequency of pedestrian injury by motor vehicle. The University of Louisville Trauma Registry was queried for patients who had been struck by a motor vehicle from 2010 to 2015. Demographic and injury information as well as outcome measures were evaluated to identify those impacting risk of pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents. Number of incidents was correlated with lower median household income. There was also a moderate correlation between the number of incidents and population density. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between increased median household income and distance from downtown Louisville and decreased risk of death following pedestrian versus motor vehicle accident. Incidence of pedestrian injury by motor vehicles is influenced by regional socioeconomic status. Efforts to decrease the frequency of these events should include further investigation into the mechanisms underpinning this relationship.

The Impact of Global Economic Crises on the Development of the Automotive Industry in Russia

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-561
Author(s):  
Lyudmila I. Zhurova ◽  
Irina N. Krakovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The cyclical nature of the development of the market economy causes the periodic occurrence of crisis phenomena that negatively affect the socio-economic situation in the country and the development of economic sectors. The modern automotive industry, composed of global supply chains, is highly sensitive to the impact of economic crises. Based on the research conducted, the article assesses the impact of the global economic crises of the 21st century on the development of the automotive industry in Russia and identifies the problems and risks of the development of this sector of the economy. Materials and Methods. The study used official national statistics, statistical data from international organizations, data from analytical agencies, public reporting by automotive corporations, as well as regulations governing the development of the Russian automotive industry. The use of the techniques of monographic description, of the abstract and logical approach, system analysis, methods of economic and statistical, comparative analysis made it possible to characterize the dynamics and identify the main trends in the development of the Russian automotive industry under the impact of the global crises of 2008‒2009 and 2020, as well as to identify the key problems and risks of the development of the sector in terms of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which are to be taken into account when elaborating and adjusting strategic programs and plans for the development of the sector. Results. The impact of the global crises of 2008‒2009 and 2020 on the Russian automotive industry has been analyzed. The dynamics and structure of production and sales of motor vehicles in Russia have been studied; the cause-and-effect relationships of changes in the performance of the automotive industry under the impact of economic crises have been revealed; an assessment of the measures of state support for the industry in the crisis periods has been given. Discussion and Conclusion. The current global economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has posed new threats to the development of the automotive industry and has made topical the research issues related to the transformations taking place in the sector under the impact of the crisis. The identified imbalances and negative trends in the development of the automotive industry require improving state regulation of its development, as well as implementing effective measures not only to overcome the consequences of the current crisis, but also to counter possible crises in the future.

The Impact Analysis of Signal Intersection Right-Turn Motor Vehicles on Straight Bicycles

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 2014-2019
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Shu Ping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Flow Calculation ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
The Impact

The characteristics of the intersection of bicycle was studied through survey and data analysis, and we got straight bicycle losses flow calculation formula under the influence of right turn motor vehicle. Through simulation to analysis the impact of its capacity further when motor vehicle traffic, plus the deceleration and the proportion of bus changes, and measures were proposed to improve bicycle capacity.

scholarly journals Methods and simulation to reduce fuel consumption in driving cycles for category N1 motor vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kolin ◽  
S. E. Silantyev ◽  
Petr Rogov ◽  
M. E. Gnenik
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Light Commercial Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of using the simulation model estimating the fuel consumption of a light commercial vehicle in road traffic cycles; virtual tests are performed. The impact analysis of the motor vehicle design parameters on fuel consumption in NEDC and WLTC cycles is conducted. Numerical values of average fuel consumption are obtained for variation of the main parameters of the structure in NEDC and WLTC cycles. Energy distribution is shown during the motion of category N1 light commercial vehicle.

scholarly journals Dampak Jaminan Fidusia Kredit Kendaraan Bermotor yang Tidak Didaftarkan terhadap Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tax State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
State Revenues

AbstractMotor vehicles ownership through finance companies can be realized after going through a series of procedures before a notary and fiduciary registration office. However, this series of procedures are not done by finance companies in providing motor vehicle financing to consumers. Increasing consumer financing to the public for motor vehicles ownership should also increase the number of non-tax state revenues from fiduciary guarantees.The study purpose is to know the legal consequences for fiduciary recipients who did not register their fiduciary guarantees and to know the impact of unregistered fiduciary guarantees on non-tax state revenue (PNBP). The formulation of the problem in the research question is how the legal consequences for fiduciary recipients who do not register their fiduciary guarantees and how the impact of unregistered fiduciary guarantees on non-tax state revenue (PNBP). The research method used is descriptive qualitative normative legal research using secondary data. The study results found that fiduciary finance companies/recipients did not register their fiduciary guarantee, so they committed illegal acts by utilizing third parties to execute motorized vehicles that were not actually burdened with fiduciary guarantees. The executor's right to fiduciary recipient is legally flawed because he does not hold a fiduciary guarantee certificate as a result of not registering a motorized vehicle as a fiduciary guarantee. The impact on state finances because they were not registering motor vehicles as fiduciary guarantees at the fiduciary registration office resulting in non-tax revenue (PNBP) being not optimal for the state. Key words: fiduciary guarantees, motor vehicles, and nontax state revenues. AbstraksiKepemilikan kendaraan bermotor melalui perusahaan pembiayaan dapat diwujudkan setelah melalui serangkaian prosedural di hadapan notaris dan kantor pendaftaran fidusia. Namun, serangkaian prosedural ini tidak dilakukan oleh perusahaan pembiayaan dalam penyediaan pembiayaan kendaraan bermotor kepada konsumen. Peningkatan pembiayaan konsumen kepada masyarakat terhadap kepemilikan kendaraan bermotor seharusnya juga ikut meningkatkan jumlah penerimaan negara bukan pajak dari jaminan fidusia.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui akibat hukum bagi penerima fidusia yang tidak mendaftarkan jaminan fidusianya dan untuk mengetahui dampak jaminan fidusia yang tidak didaftarkan terhadap penerimaan negara bukan pajak (PNBP). Perumusan masalah dalam pertanyaan penelitian adalah bagaimana akibat hukum bagi penerima fidusia yang tidak mendaftarkan jaminan fidusianya dan bagaimana dampak jaminan fidusia yang tidak didaftarkan terhadap penerimaan negara bukan pajak (PNBP). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa perusahaan pembiayaan/penerima fidusia yang tidak mendaftarkan jaminan fidusianya, sehingga mereka melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum dengan memanfaatkan pihak ketiga untuk mengeksekusi kendaraan bermotor yang sebenarnya tidak dibebani jaminan fidusia. Hak eksekutorial penerima fidusia cacat hukum karena tidak memegang sertifikat jaminan fidusia akibat tidak didaftarkannya kendaraan bermotor sebagai jaminan fidusia. Dampak bagi keuangan negara akibat dari tidak didaftarkannya kendaraan bermotor sebagai jaminan fidusia di kantor pendaftaran fidusia mengakibatkan tidak optimalnya penerimaan negara bukan pajak (PNBP) bagi negara. Kata kunci: jaminan fidusia, kendaraan bermotor dan penerimaan negara bukan pajak.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Carbon Tax On Financial And Sustainability Reporting In South Africa: The Case Of Motor Vehicle Manufactures

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Suren Pillay ◽  
Pieter Buys
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Compliance Level ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Sustainability reporting in South Africa has emerged strongly in the last decade with evidence suggesting that corporate social responsibility assurance prevalence is growing among the top 100 publicly-listed companies. Multinational motor vehicle manufacturers will have to comply with all sustainable reporting requirements that incorporate South African motor vehicle subsidiary company results. Carbon excise tax was implemented on all passenger motor vehicles on 1 September, 2010 in South Africa. From an accounting perspective, the adequacy of carbon tax recognition and disclosures has not been assessed in South Africa. This paper examines the adequacy of carbon tax accounting disclosures by local motor vehicle manufacturers that are subject to such a tax as well as the compliance level of the related multinational motor vehicle holding companies in terms of sustainable reporting.

scholarly journals A numerical model for impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on through lane capacity metrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Lieyun He ◽  
Xinming Lin ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Jason X. Tao
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Negative Exponential Function ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Traffic Lane ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The Impact

There is a conflict between through motor vehicles and the left-turn non-motorized vehicles, and the capacity of straight-line motor vehicles decreases. This study analyzes the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes. A correction coefficient model for calculating the reduced capacity of through motor vehicle lanes has been developed based on analysis of the conflicting points at an intersection and the negative exponential function of traffic flow distribution. With consideration of intersection geometric design, channelization, and traffic characteristics, the correction coefficient model was further enhanced by regression to capture the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles from the same and the opposite directions. A simulation with VISSIM is used to validate the developed model. It shows that the calculated capacity from the correction coefficient model is close to the simulation results. The experiment indicates that the derived model is highly accurate in calculating the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes and has potential application for situations of mixed traffic in China. The study shows that the capacity of a through traffic lane at the permitted phase decreases with the increase of left-turning non-motorized vehicles, and the impact of left-turning non-motorized vehicles from the same direction is more significant. The results show that the traffic capacity of straight-line motor vehicle decreases with the increase of the left-turn non-motorized vehicles flow rate and the influence of the left-turn non-motor vehicle is more obvious. It is suggested that in practice, the correction coeffi-cient of non-motor vehicle on the left turn should be 0.88, and the correction coefficient on the left turn should be 0.95, respectively. The study recommends coefficient values for both non-motorized vehicles from the same and opposite directions for use in real applications.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PENGENAAN TARIF PAJAK PROGRESIF PADA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR BERDASARKAN “THE FOUR MAXIMS” DI KOTA MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Rosalie ◽  
Jantje Tinangon ◽  
Rudy Pusung
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Progressive Taxation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Progressive Tax ◽  
The Impact

Motor vehicle tax is one source of revenue that provides kontirbusi important. With the entry into force of a progressive tax on motor vehicles beginning in 2012 based on Law No. 28 of 2009 on Regional Taxes and Levies as well as the North Sulawesi Provincial Regulation No. 7 of 2011 on Local Taxes North Sulawesi province that both private vehicle ownership and tax rates set forth progressively. At the beginning of the adoption of the progressive tax, many people who feel uncomfortable and overwhelmed, perhaps this was due to lack of information regarding the application of progressive rates. The purpose of this study is how the progressive tariffs on motor vehicles based principle of taxation in the city of Manado, and determine the impact of comparing before and after imposition. The method used is descriptive analytical method, which is a research method to reveal the existing problems in office administration, data processing, analyzing, researching and interpret and make conclusions and give suggestions which are then arranged in a systematic discussion so that problems that exist in the company can be understood. From the results of the research can be seen still highly progressive taxation in accordance with "The Four Maxims" that principle of taxation proposed by Adam Smith which consists of similarity and balance (Equality), legal certainty (certainty), (c) a timely basis (convenient of payment), and (d) the principle of economies of collection. progressive taxation has other positive effects which increase the acceptance of PKB and BBNKB which automatically increases the acceptance of the PAD that most of it is the source of Local Taxes. Imposition of Tax Rate has been running as a Progressive government enforce the original purpose and is in accordance with the tax function is budgetair function.

scholarly journals The impact of economic crisis on regions dominated by motor vehicles industry (the case of Vysočina Region)

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Ondřej Šerý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Student Projects ◽  
The Impact

The Czech economy has been significantly affected by the global economic crisis since the second half of 2008. The Czech economy is strongly dependant on the motor vehicles industry, the sector severely hit by the crisis. There are not only three major automobile companies in the Czech Republic (Škoda Auto Mladá Boleslav, TPCA Czech Kolín and Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Czech Nošovice), but there are also many subcontractors. The Vysočina Region, the model territory used in this article, has several such major companies. This fact had quite a significant impact on the economic situation in the Vysočina Region during the crisis. The paper also examines individual anti-crisis measures adopted by the largest subcontractor to the motor vehicle industry in the region, Bosch Diesel s.r.o. Jihlava.This paper was elaborated under the students’ support project at the Faculty of Science, “Strengthening and Improving Students Creative Work in the Fields of Mathematics, Physics and Earth Science “(KVAS-MPG). The project is funded by Masaryk University and it is aimed at supporting student projects at MU (MUNI/A/1060/2009)

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