10 London

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagusch Stephen ◽  
Triantafilou Epaminontas E
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Laws And Regulations

This chapter summarizes the key aspects of the English legal system with respect to the role of courts in arbitrations seated in England and Wales. First, it highlights the key provisions of relevant English legislation, mainly of the English Arbitration Act of 1996 and the principal court decisions arising under that legislation. Second, it describes the manner in which English law as the law of the seat affects the role of English courts in the course of three discrete stages: before the award, after the award, and during recognition and enforcement. In the process and where necessary, it addresses and ultimately rejects recently articulated concerns questioning the supremacy of England and Wales as an arbitration seat. The chapter concludes that England and Wales possesses a comprehensive and clearly articulated legal framework governing arbitration, and a sophisticated, impartial judiciary with ample experience in complex arbitral disputes and the collateral issues they raise under both English law and foreign laws and regulations. The jurisdiction is distinctly arbitration-friendly, with a keen understanding of the benefits arbitration aims to confer on parties, and the policy considerations such benefits entail.

The Legal Framework for Foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy from 1750 to 1918

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Gabriele Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Law

Foundations, as permanent funds established by a certain legal act, can serve manifold purposes, but often pursue charitable goals. As such, they play an important role for the public good. Therefore, states always had an interest in fostering foundations by providing a pertinent legal framework. In Austria, this topic has not yet been the focus of scholarship. Through this study some light is shed on the implementation of the law on foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy. It focuses on the role of the state and its legal system regarding the regulation and supervision of foundations from 1750 to 1918. This period is characterized by the sovereigns’ endeavor to regulate the position of foundations via extensive legislation. In particular, a system of oversight for foundations was created in order to guarantee the attainment of their charitable goals. In fact, this system prevailed until the end of the 20thcentury.

Part I The General Context, 5 The Lawmaker, the Regulator, and Current Preoccupations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mccormick Roger ◽  
Stears Chris
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
General Context ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Legal Risk ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Rules And Standards

This chapter considers the role of lawmakers and regulators in managing legal risk. It argues that English law must be able to cope with the changing nature of market transactions as well as ensure that the regulatory framework keeps pace with changing risk profiles. Steps must be taken to prevent a mismatch between the expectation of the law and modern commercial reality. The lawmaker’s job is never finished or complete since the sections of society principally affected by what we loosely call ‘financial law’ are in a state of virtually constant change and so the demands of the legal system are also constantly changing. Regulators also develop enforceable rules and standards despite the probability that any financial misdemeanour by a regulated body will be blamed on the regulator.

The impact of Political Parties Law no. 36 of 2015 on requlatinq political parties pluralism in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurdistan Saeed
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Opposition ◽  
The Law ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
The Impact

This study deals with the political parties’ pluralism in Iraq under the Parties Law No. 36 of 2015. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it looks at a topic that is at the heart of democracy and it is necessary for the success of any democratic processes. The study focuses on parties’ pluralism in Iraq since the establishment of the Iraqi state in 1921 until the end of the Baath Party regime in 2003, it also covers the period after 2003 and pays particular attention to the Parties Law No. 36 of 2015. It focuses on the legal framework of political parties after the adoption of the Political Parties Law and studies the impact of this law on parties’ pluralism in Iraq after its approval in 2015. The study concludes that Law No. 36 of 2015 is incapable of regulating parties’ pluralism for reasons including: the lack of commitment by the political parties to the provisions of the law, the inability of the Parties Affairs Department to take measures against parties that violate the law the absence of a strong political opposition that enhances the role of political parties, the association of most Iraqi parties with foreign agendas belonging to neighboring countries, and the fact that the majority of Iraqi parties express ethnic or sectarian orientations at the expense of national identity.

scholarly journals Learning to live with the law? The legislative attack on British trade unions since 1979

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Intervention ◽  
British Trade ◽  
Industrial Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
Labour Legislation

This article takes as its focus the labour legislation of the Conservative governments in Britain under Mrs. Thatcher since 1979. It locates the legislation in its broader context and examines three main prongs of what is seen as a legislative attack on the trade unions: the move away from collective industrial relations; the restricted terrain for lawful industrial action; and legal intervention in internal union affairs. The immediate impact, use of and response to this legislation is discussed and a broader question raised concerning whether, as well as having to adjust to the new legal framework, British trade unions are reappraising their attitude to the role of law in industrial relations more generally.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM: RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE IN THE WORLD CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Виктор Момотов ◽  
Viktor Momotov
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American

In Russian legal science there is a wide-spread belief according to which legal precedents are not sources of Russian law, because Russian legal system forms a part of continental legal system. Various researchers believe that judicial practice does not contain legal norms and consequently case law is not a component of Russian legal framework. The present paper contains the theoretical and historical legal research of the place and role of case law in Anglo-American and continental legal systems. It’s shown that for long historical periods legal precedents were recognized as sources of law not only in Great Britain and the USA, but also in major European legal systems, while at the present time differentiation of legal systems with respect to their attitude towards case law is becoming outdated. Furthermore, based on the research of various legal scholars’ traditions (principally of the positivistic and the sociological traditions) this article demonstrates that negative attitude towards case law is largely determined by the formalistic and obsolete understanding of the term ”source of law”, coming from the misinterpretation of positivism. The paper also presents the current development trends of case law as a source of law. In particular the article outlines the proactive interpretations of new statutory provisions issued by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the global uniqueness of such interpretations and the influence of scientific–technological progress and public needs on the highest court’s interpretations. The mutual interference of case law and statutory law is shown.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE EXPOSITION OF THE LAW OF HUSBAND AND WIFE IN TERMS OF ISLAMIC LAW, SOUTH AFRICAN LAW AND THE LAW OF ENGLAND AND WALES ‒ PART TWO

Obiter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razaana Denson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
Legal Consequences

The article discusses and compares the dissolution of a marriage as well as the legal consequences thereof in Islamic law, South African law and English law. This is done in order to demonstrate that despite similarities, there are vast differences between the three legal systems. This impacts on how Muslim personal law (MPL) can be recognised and regulated in South Africa and in England and Wales as constitutional democracies. South Africa, England and Wales share a commitment to human rights and have adopted various approaches in respect of accommodating the application of Islamic law. Internal pluralism also exists within the Muslim communities in South Africa, England and Wales as the majority of Muslims in these countries have to varying degrees developed diverse strategies to ensure compliance with Islamic law, as well as with South African and English law. Notwithstanding the accommodation of MPL in terms of South African and English law, the differences between these legal systems have resulted in decisions that, while providing relief to the lived realities of Muslims, are in fact contrary to the teachings and principles of Islam and therefore problematic for Muslims.

Role of Advocates in Administration of Justice

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Relationship Of

Lawyers play an important part in the administration of justice. The Profession itself requires the safeguarding of high moral standards. As an officer of the Court the overriding duty of a lawyer is to the Court, the standards of his profession and to the public. Since the main job of a lawyer is to assist the Court in dispensing justice, the members of the Bar cannot behave with doubtful scruples or strive to thrive on litigation. This paper deals in Legal framework of duty and liability of advocate supported with Judicial Pronouncement. The main emphais on special relationship of bar bench and agreed and persons of the society for protection of their human rightrs. Legal community and advocates are inseparable and important part of robust legal system and they not only aid in seeking access to justice but also promote justice. Judges cannot perform their task of dispensing justice effectively without the able support of advocates. In that sense, advocates play an important role in the administration of justice.

The gypsy’s lot: myth and reality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jago
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on the lived experiences of gypsies (collectively referred to as gypsies rather than Roma or travellers). The author argues that the relationship between the legal system and the specific lifestyle of this group is itself causing many tensions which cannot be separated from the long-held myths about gypsies. Jago shows how the standing of gypsies in the UK legal system has, in turn, become the object of various myths. He demonstrates how judgements by the European Court of Human Rights in favour of gypsy claims created in many an image of the law being always on the side of the gypsy. A perception which Jago demonstrates is far from true. After addressing the nature and role of myths in general the author illustrates the tension between positive, romanticised myths about the freedom of gypsy lifestyle and three derogatory myths, namely gypsies as "child-snatchers", as thieves and as "land grabbers". Jago illustrates that these myths are linked to deep-rooted beliefs around property and its ownership.

Consent conundrums: patient consent in neuroscience nursing

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
John Finch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Problem ◽  
Neuroscience Nursing ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
Mental Capacity Act 2005 ◽  
The Law ◽  
Mental Capacity Act ◽  
Pain Distress

In BJNN 15(4) and BJNN 15(5), John Finch looked in detail at the role of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and its accompanying Code in the practice of neuroscience nurses. He concluded, as have others, that the guidance offered by the Act and the Code falls short of what neuroscience nurses need in their practice. In this article, he turns his attention to the treatment of patients who can and do consent to proposed treatment. The law relating to such patients in this matter offers neither an act nor a code. The law is to be found in court decisions. It might, at first sight, appear that a practice situation in which a patient with undoubted mental capacity or, at least, sufficient mental capacity to understand and accept what is proposed, presents no legal problem. But a closer examination of mental processes encountered in patients who may be in pain, distress and pressing need reveals that communication between the treater and the treated may be subtle and complex, and that the meeting of minds required in law to ensure that a patient has genuinely agreed to a detailed proposal is anything but simple.

The use of the Legal System as a Mental Health Service for Children

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee H. Haller ◽  
Lawrence A. Dubin ◽  
Martin Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed Children

The interface of mental health and the law has been rapidly expanding over the past several years, as more and more cases of various sorts are being heard by the courts and new laws are passed. Although court decisions and laws may be viewed as an intrusion by the psychiatrists who work with emotionally disturbed children, the authors suggest that the effect is to present the professional with new alternatives for helping the patient. A number of these situations where the legal system can be utilized are presented.

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