Module 5—Problem-Solving (Sessions 13–15)

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Amy Weisman de Mamani ◽  
Merranda McLaughlin ◽  
Olivia Altamirano ◽  
Daisy Lopez ◽  
Salman Shaheen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Adult Daughter ◽  
Systematic Technique ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Jewish Mother

This chapter is designed to help clinicians teach clients an efficient, step-by-step approach for problem-solving. Family members are first taught to systematically examine their beliefs and values to help them identify issues worth tackling (e.g., to pick their battles wisely). Next, clients are taught a systematic technique, using detailed handouts, for operationalizing their chosen problems, identifying the best solution or set of solutions, and developing a plan to implement the solution/s. In subsequent sessions, clinicians are instructed to help families revise their implementation strategy, if needed, or move on to tackle a new problem. Several examples of relevant problem-solving homework assignments that families can complete together are provided. The chapter concludes with a case example of problem-solving with a Jewish mother and her adult daughter.

Toward a Reasoning Framework of Design As Synthesis

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Yoshioka ◽  
Tetsuo Tomiyama
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Hypothetical Reasoning ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Design Process Modeling ◽  
Do So

Abstract Most of the previous research efforts for design process modeling had such assumptions as “design as problem solving,” “design as decision making,” and “design by analysis,” and did not explicitly address “design as synthesis.” These views lack notion and understanding about synthesis. Compared with analysis, synthesis is less understood and clarified. This paper discusses our fundamental view on synthesis and approach toward a reasoning framework of design as synthesis. To do so, we observe the designer’s activity and formalize knowledge operations in design processes. From the observation, we propose a hypothetical reasoning framework of design based on multiple model-based reasoning. We discuss the implementation strategy for the framework.

The Paradoxes of Postwar Domesticity

Mahjong ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Household Labor ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Home Life ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Domestic Roles ◽  
Jewish Mother

At the height of the postwar domestic revival, a subset of women who fully participated in the culture of domesticity nonetheless claimed a unique space for leisure with their peers in the form of a weekly evening mahjong game. Although the culture of mahjong could reinforce their domestic roles as much as undermine them, the weekly mahjong ritual explicitly came at the expense of both household labor and their family members’ comfort. Despite their claims on autonomous domestic leisure, mahjong-playing middle-class women became emblematic of the trappings of stereotypical postwar domesticity. As Jewish mahjong players established their strong cultural norms in the 1950s and 1960s, they became embedded in the evolving stereotype of the domineering Jewish mother. This association signaled the waning of both postwar domestic norms and the patterns of leisured domesticity that thrived within them, as economic changes and generational shifts transformed middle-class home life.

Module 3—Spirituality (Sessions 7–9)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Amy Weisman de Mamani ◽  
Merranda McLaughlin ◽  
Olivia Altamirano ◽  
Daisy Lopez ◽  
Salman Shaheen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Case Illustration ◽  
Muslim American ◽  
Culturally Informed ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Mounting evidence indicates that religion/spirituality (R/S) have multiple mental and physical health benefits for those who practice them, including for individuals living with schizophrenia and their families. This chapter introduces the spirituality module, which is aimed at creating a collaborative family environment that may utilize R/S to facilitate recovery. The chapter includes a rationale and goals for addressing R/S in culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia, ways of exploring individual family members’ beliefs and values surrounding R/S, and helping to build up adaptive aspects of R/S coping while correcting maladaptive uses of R/S. Sharing meaningful prayers and symbols is encouraged to develop therapist understanding and to reinforce the benefits of R/S for clients. Differences in how family members perceive and practice R/S are explored, guided by detailed handouts. A case illustration of a Muslim American father–son pair demonstrates the process.

Impact of family demands and family strengths and capabilities on family well-being and adaptation after critical injury

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Leske ◽  
MK Jiricka
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Strengths ◽  
Family Adaptation ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Demands ◽  
Index Family ◽  
Critical Injury

BACKGROUND: Increases in demands on patients' family members that are not reduced by family strengths may contribute to decreases in family adaptation and complicate patients' recovery after trauma. The purpose of this study was to examine family demands (prior stressors and severity of patients' injuries) and family strengths and capabilities (hardiness, resources, coping, and problem-solving communication) associated with outcomes of family well-being and adaptation. METHODS: A multivariate, descriptive design based on the Resiliency Model of Family Stress was used. A convenience sample of family members (N = 51) of adult patients participated within the first 2 days of critical injury. Family demands were measured with the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes and the Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation III. Family strengths were measured with the Family Hardiness Index, Family Inventory of Resources for Management, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale, and Family Problem Solving Communication Index. Family adaptation outcomes were measured with the Family Well Being Index and Family Adaptation Scale. RESULTS: Increases in family demands were significantly related to decreases in family strengths and family adaptation. Family demands scores accounted for 40% of the variance in family well-being scores. The only significant family strength variable influencing family adaptation was problem-solving communication. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in family demands seem to be an important indicator of the amount of assistance a family may need. Interventions that help mobilize family strengths, such as problem-solving communication, may be effective in promoting the adaptation of families of critically injured patients.

Family Dynamics in Three-Generation Grandfamilies

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Chase Goodman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Interventions ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
Emotional Management

Grandparent-headed families, called grandfamilies, are increasingly important in assisting adult children and grandchildren. This study ( N = 376) provides a qualitative analysis of statements made by grandmothers about relationships between three core family members: (a) grandmother, (b) parent, and (c) grandchild. These family members constitute an intergenerational triad, displaying a variety of relationship patterns based on emotional closeness or distance. The most common configuration in three-generation families was all-three inter-generational members emotionally close or connected, and comments about relationships reflected problem solving, communication, and emotional management. Families in which the parent was close to and linked both adjacent generations were also frequent, and comments showed a clear parenting hierarchy with grandmother as secondary. Few families had weak, disconnected relationships between all three triad members or an emotionally isolated parent: These patterns were related to low grandmother and grandchild well-being. Evaluating intergenerational relationships aids identification of at-risk grandfamilies and has implications for family interventions.

Relational Social Work: Principles and Practices

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Folgheraiter
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Participative Approach

Relational social work engages with existing networks to enhance their resilience and capacity to resolve difficulties. It does this by addressing the identified problem, and by engaging, mobilising and developing both supportive and problem-solving networks. These networks can include family members, friends, teachers and any other significant actors who have a contribution to make. The participative approach offers a way of translating policies that aspire to social inclusion into practice.

scholarly journals A-168 Do Family Members’ Subjective Perceptions of Decline in Executive Functioning Skills Reflect Objective Cognitive Dysfunction?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-962
Author(s):  
Clark H ◽  
Schroeder R ◽  
Martin P
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Behavior Rating Scales

Abstract Objective On behavior rating scales completed by family members, executive functioning is often operationalized in terms of subdomain abilities (e.g., problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing). It is unclear, however, how well collateral assessments of these abilities reflect patients’ actual executive functioning. The current study investigated the relationship between family members’ reported perceptions of change in patients’ problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing abilities and objective neuropsychological test findings. Method Patients undergoing dementia evaluations (n = 56, mean age = 71.4, mean education = 13.0 years) minimally completed subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Trail Making, Verbal Fluency, Color-Word, Tower) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Information from family members was obtained via a questionnaire asking about degrees of change (no change, mild change, moderate change, or severe change) in problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing. Spearman correlations were calculated between family members’ perceptions of change and cognitive dysfunction, as measured by D-KEFS (subtests and combined averaged scaled score) and RBANS index scores. Results Perceived changes in problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing did not significantly correlate at p < .05 with either D-KEFS subtest scores or the combined scaled score. Perceived changes significantly correlated with RBANS Immediate Memory (problem-solving: rs = −.338, p = .014; multitasking: rs = −.323, p = .017; organizing: rs = −.293, p = .028) and Language (problem-solving: rs = −.306, p = .027) indices. Conclusions Family members’ perceptions of change in problem-solving, multitasking, and organizing did not correspond with objective executive dysfunction observed on neuropsychological testing. Future research should attempt to cross-validate these findings. If cross-validated, results would suggest limited utility in using these terms to operationalize executive functioning on behavior rating scales.

Additional Considerations

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Amy Weisman de Mamani ◽  
Merranda McLaughlin ◽  
Olivia Altamirano ◽  
Daisy Lopez ◽  
Salman Shaheen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Therapy Efficacy ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Difficult Situations

This chapter discusses topics and obstacles not otherwise examined in previous chapters. For example, the chapter highlights research addressing whether clinician–client match on race/ethnicity and/or other cultural beliefs and values impacts therapy efficacy. More specifically, the chapter addresses how to deal with challenging families and clients, including those that are unmedicated, highly symptomatic, and/or who endorse delusional thought content. The difficult challenge of what to do when one or more family members wishes to distance themselves from their relative with mental illness is also addressed. Suggestions and skills that can be used for these and other difficult situations are discussed. Excerpts and example quotes are also provided for addressing difficulties such as inconsistent attendance, homework incompletion, or other difficulties that may be encountered during therapy.

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