Openness to Experience and Post-Traumatic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Marie Forgeard ◽  
Elana Bayer-Pacht ◽  
Paul J. Silvia ◽  
Ann Marie Roepke ◽  
Thröstur Björgvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Psychological Growth ◽  
Longitudinal Methods ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Although many individuals retrospectively report feeling more open and receptive to new ideas and possibilities after experiencing adverse events, research specifically examining growth on this dimension of character (as opposed to more general psychological growth) remains scarce. To stimulate future theoretical and empirical work in this area, this chapter reviews and discusses existing scientific research pertaining to changes in the personality trait of openness to new experience following adversity. Studies using retrospective self-reports have shown that people judge themselves as more open following highly stressful events. Such research also suggests that changes in openness could even help foster more general psychological growth. It is, however, possible that people involuntarily distort their self-perceptions to cope with difficulties, and several other lines of research have produced contradictory findings. Correlational and experimental evidence has shown that stressful experiences can decrease openness. Most longitudinal studies examining changes in personality over time have found no changes in openness following negative events. To help reconcile previous contradictory findings, the authors propose a methodological agenda including using multiple methods to assess openness, complementing correlational with longitudinal methods to examine changes over time, studying everyday manifestations of openness (including how people deal with everyday stressors), and investigating potential moderators and mediators of growth in this trait. Such research will help increase clarity about the circumstances under which people may (or may not) become more open as a result of adversity.

scholarly journals Good is stronger than bad for eudaimonic well-being

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-490
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Martínez-Zelaya ◽  
Marian Bilbao Ramírez ◽  
Darío Páez Rovira
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Basic Beliefs

Perceived changes in basic beliefs and growth related to life events were examined in three studies. A representative sample (N = 885), a sample of students and their families (N = 291) and a sample of students (N = 245) responded with a list of positive and negative life events, a scale of changes in basic beliefs and a post-traumatic growth scale. Positive events were strongly associated with changes in basic beliefs, while only weak associations were found for negative events. In addition, negative changes in basic beliefs were associated with growth only in negative life events and positive changes in basic beliefs were generally associated with growth.

scholarly journals Stability of recall of military hazards over time

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wessely ◽  
C. Unwin ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
L. Hull ◽  
K. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundWartime traumatic events are related to subsequent psychological and physical health, but quantifying the association is problematic. Memory changes over time and is influenced by psychological status.AimsTo use a large, two-stage cohort study of members of the UK armed forces to study changes in recall of both traumatic and ‘toxic’ hazards.MethodA questionnaire-based follow-up study assessed 2370 UK military personnel, repeating earlier questions about exposure to military hazards.ResultsThe κ statistics for reporting of hazards were good for some exposures, but very low for others. Gulf veterans reported more exposures over time (no significant rise in the Bosnia cohort). In the Gulf cohort only, reporting new exposures was associated with worsening health perception, and forgetting previously reported exposures with improved perception. We found no association between physical health, psychological morbidity or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and endorsement or non-endorsement of exposures.ConclusionsReporting of military hazards after a conflict is not static, and is associated with current self-rated perception of health. Self-report of exposures associated with media publicity needs to be treated with caution.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trait Anxiety on Medical Freshmen's Post-Traumatic Growth: The Mediating Role of Resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Peng ◽  
Lan Lan ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Trait anxiety is a risk factor for post-traumatic growth when medical freshmen are experiencing stressful events. However, little is known about whether resilience has the mediating role between trait anxiety and post-traumatic growth. The current study surveyed the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a sample of 295 medical freshmen. The results founded that post-traumatic growth was negatively correlated with trait anxiety, with correlation coefficients of -0.609( p < 0.01), and positively correlated with resilience, with correlation coefficient of 0.635 ( p < 0.01). Moreover, resilience could mediate the relationship between trait anxiety and post-traumatic growth. These findings provide theoretical implications to promote medical freshmen’s resilience to adapt to their life of college.

Musical Education of the Under-Twelves (MEUT) 1949-1983: Some aspects of the history of post-war primary music education

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Cox
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Musical Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Post War ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

This article traces the history of Musical Education of the Under-Twelves (MEUT) from its birth in 1949 to its demise in 1983. Because it arose from a coalition of pre-war societies and associations it provides a valuable historical link, as well as an example of a later alliance with progressive ideas in education. The paper considers the following questions: What were the historical roots of MEUT? Why was MEUT formed? What new ideas were developed and debated, and how did these relate to traditional concerns? What accounted for the demise of MEUT? Through the investigation of such an association we can better understand how music as a curriculum subject changes over time.

scholarly journals How does benefit finding evolve over time among Chinese women breast cancer survivals: a longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyun Bi ◽  
Huaning Wang ◽  
Guitao Yang ◽  
Cailin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Benefit Finding ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Active Disease ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: Even though the prevalence of benefit finding (BF) has been empirically shown to exist among breast cancer (BC) survivals, how does benefit finding evolve over time remains inadequately investigated. This objective of this study is to examine how BF evolves over time among Chinese breast cancer survivals and determine the demographic, medical and psychosocial factors that can sustain BF increase over time, thus bring about higher level of long-term post-traumatic growth among breast cancer survivals. Methods: Participants were 486 women with different stages of breast cancer (stages I, II and III) followed from completion of primary treatment. Analysis were performed on the data collected at the 3-year assessment during 2014-2019. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of characteristics and benefit finding at six time points with the interval of six months since BC diagnosis. The relationships between demographic, medical and psychosocial characteristics and benefit finding evolution over time were examined using mixed models. Results: Participants reported mixed results on the evolving patterns of benefit finding: 28% reported an upward trend in BF scoring over time, 49% instead reported an downward trend, and the remaining 23% reported no obvious change. Our study has shown that some well-known covariates of benefit finding, e.g. education, income, and social support, are not associated with BF trends. In comparison, levels of spirituality and disease coping at diagnosis can more reliably predict BF evolution over time. Our results strongly indicate that benefit finding can be sustained and increased by encouraging attempts at meaning-making and active disease coping during breast cancer treatment. To our knowledge, this study is among the first to examine trends of benefit finding evolution over time on breast cancer survivals and determine their psychosocial predictors in developing countries. Conclusion: Identifying the sustaining factors of benefit finding in the experience of breast cancer is the key to design psycho clinical solutions for patients’ long-term post-traumatic growth. As time goes by, cancer patients may experience less benefit finding. However, active disease coping and meaning-making by patients can effectively counter this undesired trend and boost their higher long-term post-traumatic growth.

scholarly journals Development of character strengths across the deployment cycle among U.S. Army soldiers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Chopik ◽  
Whitney L. Kelley ◽  
Loryana L. Vie ◽  
Jeewon Oh ◽  
Douglas G. Bonett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Character Development ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Deployment Cycle ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Army Soldiers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Positive Character

Objective: Despite a narrative of post-traumatic growth and resilience, research reliably demonstrating positive character development following adversity has proved elusive. In the current study, we examined changes in character strengths in Army soldiers deploying for the first time. The sample was comprised of 212,386 Army soldiers (Mage = 26.5 years old, SD = 7.13; 70.8% White) who were deploying for the first time. Character strengths were assessed once before and up to three times following soldiers’ return from deployment. We found evidence for two classes of change—a resilient class (“stable high”) and a declining class (“persistent low”). Most soldiers were resilient—they had high levels of character strengths prior to deployment and changed very little across the deployment cycle. Approximately 40% of soldiers started with lower character and experienced initial declines post-deployment, from which they experienced no more than small gains over time. Character strengths were highly stable across the deployment transition but some soldiers experienced initial declines from which they never fully rebounded. The findings are discussed in the context of the mechanisms that drive character development.

scholarly journals How does benefit finding evolve over time among Chinese women breast cancer survivals: a longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyun Bi ◽  
Huaning Wang ◽  
Guitao Yang ◽  
Cailin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Benefit Finding ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Active Disease ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: Even though the prevalence of benefit finding (BF) has been empirically shown to exist among breast cancer (BC) survivals, how does benefit finding evolve over time remains inadequately investigated. This objective of this study is to examine how BF evolves over time among Chinese breast cancer survivals and determine the demographic, medical and psychosocial factors that can sustain BF increase over time, thus bring about higher level of long-term post-traumatic growth among breast cancer survivals. Methods: Participants were 486 women with different stages of breast cancer (stages I, II and III) followed from completion of primary treatment. Analysis were performed on the data collected at the 3-year assessment during 2014-2019. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of characteristics and benefit finding at six time points with the interval of six months since BC diagnosis. The relationships between demographic, medical and psychosocial characteristics and benefit finding evolution over time were examined using mixed models. Results: Participants reported mixed results on the evolving patterns of benefit finding: 28% reported an upward trend in BF scoring over time, 49% instead reported an downward trend, and the remaining 23% reported no obvious change. Our study has shown that some well-known covariates of benefit finding, e.g. education, income, and social support, are not associated with BF trends. In comparison, levels of spirituality and disease coping at diagnosis can more reliably predict BF evolution over time. Our results strongly indicate that benefit finding can be sustained and increased by encouraging attempts at meaning-making and active disease coping during breast cancer treatment. To our knowledge, this study is among the first to examine trends of benefit finding evolution over time on breast cancer survivals and determine their psychosocial predictors in developing countries. Conclusion: Identifying the sustaining factors of benefit finding in the experience of breast cancer is the key to design psycho clinical solutions for patients’ long-term post-traumatic growth. As time goes by, cancer patients may experience less benefit finding. However, active disease coping and meaning-making by patients can effectively counter this undesired trend and boost their higher long-term post-traumatic growth.

scholarly journals New Legal Realism's Rejoinder

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREGORY SHAFFER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Law ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
Third Stream ◽  
Legal Positivist ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis rejoinder responds to criticisms by Jan Klabbers and Ino Augsberg of ‘The New Legal Realist Approach to International Law’ (Leiden Journal of International Law, Volume 28:2, 2015). The New Legal Realism brings together empirical and pragmatic perspectives in order to build theory regarding how law obtains meaning, is practised, and changes over time. In contrast with conceptualists, such as Augsberg, legal realists do not accept the priority of concepts over facts, but rather stress the interaction of concepts with experience in shaping law's meaning and practice. Klabbers, as a legal positivist, questions the value of the turn to empirical work and asks whether it is a fad. This rejoinder contends that the New Legal Realism has deep jurisprudential roots in Europe and the United States, constituting a third stream of jurisprudence involving the development of sociolegal theory, in complement with, but not opposed to, analytic and normative theory.

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