Cardiopulmonary System: Oncologic

2018 ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Kyungmouk Steve Lee ◽  
Bradley B. Pua
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Pulmonary System ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Oncologic Diseases ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States, with more than 160,000 Americans dying each year, and 1.6 million die of the disease worldwide. Interventional radiology (IR) involvement in the treatment of oncologic processes in the pulmonary system lags that of other organ systems, such as the hepatobiliary and renal systems. Nonetheless, more and more data is being accrued to support the utilization of minimally invasive techniques to treat both primary and secondary lung cancers. This chapter reviews the manifestation of lung cancer, as well as treatment options for oncologic diseases of the lung.

“My Patient Was Diagnosed With Nontargetable Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. What Now?” Diagnosis and Initial Treatment Options for Newly Diagnosed Patients With Advanced NSCLC

2018 ◽  
pp. 696-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Johnson ◽  
Nathan A. Pennell ◽  
Hossein Borghaei
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Although lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and worldwide, the rate at which Americans are dying from lung cancer is declining. Improving survival can be explained, in large part, by a growing understanding of the heterogeneous biology of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as recent successes of novel therapeutic strategies more effective and tolerable than platinum-based chemotherapy. We now recognize distinct subtypes of NSCLC, defined by molecular profiling and immunohistochemistry, with different treatment algorithms, including targeted small molecular inhibitors and immunotherapy for each. Both biomarker selection and preferred frontline strategies continue to evolve rapidly, making it difficult for many practitioners to keep up. In this review, we will first describe the recommended initial workup for a patient with advanced or metastatic NSCLC in 2018; next, we present an algorithm to aid oncologists in the selection of the most appropriate therapy for treatment-naive patients with NSCLC, and finally, we offer a look into future treatment options through a discussion of ongoing clinical trials.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Lung Cancer Screening Implementation in the Community Setting in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e607-e615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Copeland ◽  
Angela Criswell ◽  
Andrew Ciupek ◽  
Jennifer C. King
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

PURPOSE: The National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated a 20% relative reduction in lung cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomography screening, leading to implementation of lung cancer screening across the United States. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services approved coverage, but questions remained about effectiveness of community-based screening. To assess screening implementation during the first full year of CMS coverage, we surveyed a nationwide network of lung cancer screening centers, comparing results from academic and nonacademic centers. METHODS: One hundred sixty-five lung cancer screening centers that have been designated Screening Centers of Excellence responded to a survey about their 2016 program data and practices. The survey included 21 pretested, closed- and open-ended quantitative and qualitative questions covering implementation, workflow, numbers of screening tests completed, and cancers diagnosed. RESULTS: Centers were predominantly community based (62%), with broad geographic distribution. In both community and academic centers, more than half of lung cancers were diagnosed at stage I or limited stage, demonstrating a clear stage shift compared with historical data. Lung-RADS results were also comparable. There are wide variations in the ways centers address Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services requirements. The most significant barriers to screening implementation were insurance and billing issues, lack of provider referral, lack of patient awareness, and internal workflow challenges. CONCLUSION: These data validate that responsible screening can take place in a community setting and that lung cancers detected by low-dose computed tomography screening are often diagnosed at an early, more treatable stage. Lung cancer screening programs have developed different ways to address requirements, but many implementation challenges remain.

Effectiveness of mobile computerized tomographic (CT) lung scanning unit for early diagnosis of lung cancer in under-served populations.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6567-6567
Author(s):  
Derek Raghavan ◽  
Darcy L Doege ◽  
Mellisa S Wheeler ◽  
John D Doty ◽  
James Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Low Dose Ct ◽  
Screening Unit ◽  
Lung Screening ◽  
Lung Scanning

6567 Background: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that screening high-risk patients with low-dose CT (LDCT) of the chest reduces lung cancer mortality compared to screening with chest x-ray. Uninsured and Medicaid patients lack access to this hospital-based screening test due to geographic isolation/socio-economic factors. We hypothesized that a mobile screening unit would improve access and confer benefits demonstrated by the NLST to this under-served group, which is most at risk of lung cancer deaths. Methods: In collaboration with Samsung Inc, we inserted a BodyTom portable 32 slide low-dose CT scanner into a 35-foot coach, reinforced to avoid equipment damage, to function as a mobile lung scanning unit. The unit includes a waiting area, high speed wireless internet connection for rapid image transfer, and electronic tablets to deliver smoking cessation and health education programs and shared decision-making video aids. It has been certified as a lung cancer screening Center of Excellence by Lung Cancer Alliance. We employed the LUNG RADS approach to lesion classification, yielding high sensitivity and specificity in assessment. All films were reviewed by a central panel of oncologists, pulmonologists and radiologists. The protocol was approved by Chesapeake IRB, which oversees all LCI cancer trials. Interim analysis at this time was approved by the Oversight Committee. Results: We screened 470 under-served smokers between 4/2017-1/2019; M:F 1.1:1, mean age 61 years (range 55-64), with average pack year history of 45.7 (30-150) (25% African-American; 3% Hispanic; 65% rural; 100% uninsured, under-insured or Medicaid - NC Medicaid does not cover lung cancer screening). Patients over the age of 64 years were excluded as they are covered by Medicare for lung cancer screening. We found at initial screen 35 subjects with LUNG RADS 4 lesions, 49 subjects with LUNG RADS 3 lesions, 10 lung cancers (2.1%), including 4 at stage I-II. 4 non-lung cancers were identified and treated. Other incidental non-oncologic findings are the subject of another presentation. Conclusions: In this small sample using the first mobile low dose CT lung screening unit in the United States, the initial cancer detection rate is comparable to that reported in the NLST but with marked improvement of screening rates in underserved groups and with better anticipated outcomes at lower cost than if they had first presented with metastatic disease.

scholarly journals The global burden of lung cancer: A short review

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamaraiselvan Rengarajan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lung Cancers

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women, and lung adenocarcinoma accounts for approximately 75-85% of all lung cancers. It is expected to cause 10 million deaths per year worldwide by the year 2030. A large number of lung cancers are associated with cigarette smoke, although other factors such as environmental influences and radon or nutrition may also be involved. Lung adenocarcinoma commonly develops resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, and often presents at stages too late for surgical intervention. The present review discuss about the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and chemoprevention of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Significant Role of Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 383-423
Author(s):  
Alireza Heidari ◽  
Ricardo Gobato ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Phase 2 Clinical Trial ◽  
Keywords Cancer

According to the results of a global phase 2 clinical trial, the new drug sotorasib reduces tumor size and promises to improve and increase survival in patients with lung tumors caused by specific DNA mutations. It is designed to counteract the effects of mutations that are seen in about 13% of patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (a common type of lung cancer). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 28 approved the drug as a targeted treatment for patients with small cell lung cancer whose tumors express a specific mutation called G12C in the KRAS gene. Small cell lung cancer accounts for more than 80% of lung cancers. More than 200,000 new cases of non-small cell lung cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues; Tumors; Prevention; Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening, Treatment; Management

Lung cancer and mesothelioma

2021 ◽  
pp. 313-334
Author(s):  
Terry Robinson ◽  
Jane Scullion
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Breaking Bad ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
The Uk

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the UK. This chapter covers the epidemiology of the disease, the two main types of lung cancers (non-small cell lung cancer—NSCLC, and small cell lung cancers—SCLC), presenting symptoms, investigations, and diagnostic procedures. The role of the multidisciplinary team and techniques for breaking bad news are both covered. Treatment options, including surgery, systemic anticancer treatment, concurrent chemoradiation, and radiotherapy are all described for both NSCLC and SCLC. Interventions for pain, the analgesic ladder, and the role of the lung cancer specialist nurse are defined. Finally, the aspects of mesothelioma are covered.

scholarly journals Lung cancer rates convergence in young men and women in the United States: Analysis by birth cohort and histologic type

2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmedin Jemal ◽  
William D. Travis ◽  
Robert E. Tarone ◽  
Lois Travis ◽  
Susan S. Devesa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Histologic Type ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cancer Rates

scholarly journals Role of CT in differentiation between subtypes of lung cancer; is it possible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Said Gharraf ◽  
Sayed Mohamed Mehana ◽  
Mostafa Ali ElNagar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Bronchial Carcinoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Context and purpose: lung cancer is the second in the incidence rate and the first in death rate in the United States of America in 2017. Its treatment depends upon the tumor staging as well as the histological subtype of lung cancer. CT has been the modality of choice for screening as well as diagnosis of lung cancer; however, few studies tried to correlate different CT features of lung cancer to certain pathological subtypes. Our study aims to assess the CT characteristics of the subtypes of bronchogenic carcinoma. Results SQCC shows a higher incidence of central location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 50%, p value of 0.5), internal cavitations (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05) as well as more frequency of higher stage within the study population, ADC shows significant predilection to peripheral location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05). Conclusion There is an evident correlation between the MDCT diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma and that of histopathology/cytology. The most common types are SQCC and ADC subtypes. The SQCC type of bronchial carcinoma tends to be central with the internal cavitations are common while ADC tends to be peripheral and solid.

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