scholarly journals Role of CT in differentiation between subtypes of lung cancer; is it possible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Said Gharraf ◽  
Sayed Mohamed Mehana ◽  
Mostafa Ali ElNagar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Staging ◽  
Bronchial Carcinoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Context and purpose: lung cancer is the second in the incidence rate and the first in death rate in the United States of America in 2017. Its treatment depends upon the tumor staging as well as the histological subtype of lung cancer. CT has been the modality of choice for screening as well as diagnosis of lung cancer; however, few studies tried to correlate different CT features of lung cancer to certain pathological subtypes. Our study aims to assess the CT characteristics of the subtypes of bronchogenic carcinoma. Results SQCC shows a higher incidence of central location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 50%, p value of 0.5), internal cavitations (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05) as well as more frequency of higher stage within the study population, ADC shows significant predilection to peripheral location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05). Conclusion There is an evident correlation between the MDCT diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma and that of histopathology/cytology. The most common types are SQCC and ADC subtypes. The SQCC type of bronchial carcinoma tends to be central with the internal cavitations are common while ADC tends to be peripheral and solid.

Oncologic Emergencies and Chemotherapy Complications

2016 ◽  
pp. 689-694
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Moynihan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Oncologic Emergencies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
New Diagnosis

Each year in the United States, approximately 220,000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed and approximately 158,000 people die of lung cancer. Lung cancer accounts for approximately 27% of all cancer deaths. Most patients with a new diagnosis of lung cancer are older than 65 years. About 95% of lung cancers in men and about 80% of lung cancers in women result from cigarette smoking. Men who smoke 1 to 2 packs per day have up to a 25-fold increased risk for lung cancer compared with men who have never smoked. The risk of lung cancer for a former smoker decreases with time.

scholarly journals The Role of Surgery in Lung Cancer Treatment: Present Indications and Future Perspectives—State of the Art

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
François Montagne ◽  
Florian Guisier ◽  
Nicolas Venissac ◽  
Jean-Marc Baste
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are different today, due to the increased use of screening programs and of innovative systemic therapies, leading to the diagnosis of earlier and pre-invasive tumors, and of more advanced and controlled metastatic tumors. Surgery for NSCLC remains the cornerstone treatment when it can be performed. The role of surgery and surgeons has also evolved because surgeons not only perform the initial curative lung cancer resection but they also accompany and follow-up patients from pre-operative rehabilitation, to treatment for recurrences. Surgery is personalized, according to cancer characteristics, including cancer extensions, from pre-invasive and local tumors to locally advanced, metastatic disease, or residual disease after medical treatment, anticipating recurrences, and patients’ characteristics. Surgical management is constantly evolving to offer the best oncologic resection adapted to each NSCLC stage. Today, NSCLC can be considered as a chronic disease and surgery is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrences, and in palliative conditions to relieve dyspnea and improve patients’ comfort.

scholarly journals Targeting HSPA1A in ARID2-deficient lung adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wang ◽  
Yuetong Wang ◽  
Zhaoyuan Fang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Integrative Analyses

Abstract Somatic mutations of the chromatin remodeling gene ARID2 are observed in about 7% of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the role of ARID2 in the pathogenesis of LUAD remains largely unknown. Here we find that ARID2 expression is decreased during the malignant progression of both human and mice LUAD. Using two KrasG12D-based genetically engineered murine models (GEMM), we demonstrate that ARID2 knockout significantly promotes lung cancer malignant progression and shortens the overall survival. Consistently, ARID2 knockdown significantly promotes cell proliferation in human and mice lung cancer cells. Through integrative analyses of Chip-Seq and RNA-Seq data, we find that Hspa1a is up-regulated by Arid2 loss. Knockdown of Hspa1a specifically inhibits malignant progression of Arid2-deficient but not Arid2-wt lung cancers in both cell lines as well as animal models. Treatment with Hspa1a inhibitor could significantly inhibit the malignant progression of lung cancer with Arid2 deficiency. Together, our findings establish ARID2 as an important tumor suppressor in LUAD with novel mechanistic insights, and further identify HSPA1A as a potential therapeutic target in ARID2-deficient LUAD.

The role of social determinants on overall survival in advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21117-e21117
Author(s):  
Andreas Bello ◽  
Neeharika Srivastava Makani
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Nsclc Patients

e21117 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer. Many studies have evaluated the association of social determinants with outcomes in early-stage NSCLC. These studies have shown statistically and clinically significant associations between overall survival (OS) and other social factors (e.g marital status, educational attainment). The aim of our study was to better understand the role of various social determinants of health (SDH) on OS in advanced-stage NSCLC patients in a community oncology practice in Florida. Methods: In this retrospective study, 125 patients with stage III and IV NSCLC were recruited between January 1st, 2014 until December 31st, 2018. We performed both categorical and continuous analyses (Pearson’s chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively) to evaluate the association between median OS and several independent variables, including; gender, race, marital status, insurance status, living status, receiving financial assistance (FA), alcohol use, and smoking histories. OS is defined as the date of diagnosis up to the date of death. Other confounders that were analyzed included histology, treatment modality, comorbidities, and performance status of the patients. Results: Of the total study population (n = 125), 60% identified as male with a mean age of 73 years for the study population. The majority of patients (89%) identified as white; 56% were married, and 81% lived with someone. 66% of patients had an HMO insurance plan, and 51% of patients obtained FA to help with treatment care costs. 47% of patients identified as former smokers and 54% denied any alcohol use. The median OS for the patient population was 0.756 years. Chi-square analyses revealed that patients who received FA were more likely to live longer than median OS as opposed to patients that did not receive FA (OR = 2.41, 95% CI [1.18, 4.96], p = 0.050). Kruskal-Wallis analyses demonstrated that patients receiving FA had nearly a two-fold increase in median OS compared to patients without financial assistance (median OS = 1.01 years vs. 0.545 years, respectively; p = 0.013). However, other social determinants evaluated did not have a significant impact on relative OS in advanced-stage NSCLC. Conclusions: Ultimately, our study concludes that receiving FA has a significant association with increased OS in advanced-stage NSCLC patients. This study highlights the importance of reducing the financial burden of advanced-stage NSCLC patients and how FA impacts patient outcomes. Future prospective cohort studies with a larger sample size are warranted to identify other SDH, as well as the underlying mechanisms affecting median OS, in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC.

An Automated Computer System Based on Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Systems for Lung Cancer Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abir Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽  
Rule System

AbstractAn automated system for the diagnosis of lung cancer is proposed in this paper, the system is designed by combining two major methodologies, namely the fuzzy base systems and the evolutionary genetic algorithms (GAs), to be employed on lung cancer data to assist physicians in the early detection of lung cancers, and hence obtain an early automated diagnosis complementary to that by physicians. Our hybrid algorithm, the genetic-fuzzy algorithm, has produced optimized diagnosis systems that attain high classification performance, in fact, our best six rule system obtained a 97.5 % accuracy, with simple and well interpretive rules, with 93 % degree of confidence, and without the need for dimensionality reduction. The results on real data indicate that the proposed system is very effective in the diagnosis of lung cancer and can be used for clinical applications.

Cardiopulmonary System: Oncologic

2018 ◽  
pp. 360-370
Author(s):  
Kyungmouk Steve Lee ◽  
Bradley B. Pua
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Pulmonary System ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Oncologic Diseases ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States, with more than 160,000 Americans dying each year, and 1.6 million die of the disease worldwide. Interventional radiology (IR) involvement in the treatment of oncologic processes in the pulmonary system lags that of other organ systems, such as the hepatobiliary and renal systems. Nonetheless, more and more data is being accrued to support the utilization of minimally invasive techniques to treat both primary and secondary lung cancers. This chapter reviews the manifestation of lung cancer, as well as treatment options for oncologic diseases of the lung.

Lung Cancer After Hodgkin’s Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study of the Relation to Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1610-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Swerdlow ◽  
M. J. Schoemaker ◽  
R. Allerton ◽  
A. Horwich ◽  
J. A. Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

PURPOSE: To investigate the causes of the raised risk of lung cancer in patients who have had Hodgkin’s disease, and in particular the relationship to treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted within a cohort of 5,519 patients with Hodgkin’s disease treated in Britain during 1963 through 1993. For 88 cases of lung cancer and 176 matched control subjects, information on treatment and other risk factors was extracted from hospital case-notes, and odds ratios for lung cancer in relation to these factors were calculated. RESULTS: Risk of lung cancer was borderline significantly greater in patients treated with mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) chemotherapy than those who did not receive this treatment (relative risk [RR] = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 2.82), and increased with number of cycles of MOPP (P = .07). Exclusion of lung cancers for which histologic confirmation was not available strengthened these associations (RR = 2.41; 95% CI, 1.33 to 4.51; P = .004 for any MOPP and P = .007 for trend with number of cycles of MOPP). Risks were not raised, however, after chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone treatment. There was evidence that the raised risk of lung cancer occurring in relation to radiotherapy was restricted to histologies other than adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that MOPP chemotherapy may lead to elevated risk of lung cancer, at least in certain subgroups of patients. The role of chemotherapy in the etiology of lung cancer after Hodgkin’s disease deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Lung Cancer Screening Implementation in the Community Setting in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e607-e615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Copeland ◽  
Angela Criswell ◽  
Andrew Ciupek ◽  
Jennifer C. King
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

PURPOSE: The National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated a 20% relative reduction in lung cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomography screening, leading to implementation of lung cancer screening across the United States. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services approved coverage, but questions remained about effectiveness of community-based screening. To assess screening implementation during the first full year of CMS coverage, we surveyed a nationwide network of lung cancer screening centers, comparing results from academic and nonacademic centers. METHODS: One hundred sixty-five lung cancer screening centers that have been designated Screening Centers of Excellence responded to a survey about their 2016 program data and practices. The survey included 21 pretested, closed- and open-ended quantitative and qualitative questions covering implementation, workflow, numbers of screening tests completed, and cancers diagnosed. RESULTS: Centers were predominantly community based (62%), with broad geographic distribution. In both community and academic centers, more than half of lung cancers were diagnosed at stage I or limited stage, demonstrating a clear stage shift compared with historical data. Lung-RADS results were also comparable. There are wide variations in the ways centers address Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services requirements. The most significant barriers to screening implementation were insurance and billing issues, lack of provider referral, lack of patient awareness, and internal workflow challenges. CONCLUSION: These data validate that responsible screening can take place in a community setting and that lung cancers detected by low-dose computed tomography screening are often diagnosed at an early, more treatable stage. Lung cancer screening programs have developed different ways to address requirements, but many implementation challenges remain.

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