Multiple Ovarian Cysts in a Woman with Epilepsy

Clinical Evidence ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Complex Interaction ◽

Ovarian Cysts ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

Menstrual Dysfunction ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Definition Of ◽

This chapter explores how epilepsy can affect reproductive function. The National Institute of Health consensus definition of PCOS includes the presence of menstrual dysfunction, clinical evidence of hyperandrogenism, and exclusion of other endocrinopathies, such as Cushing’s syndrome and hypothyroidism. The etiology of PCOS is felt to be heterogenous, related to a complex interaction between both genetic and environmental factors. PCOS develops when the ovaries are stimulated to produce excessive testosterone. The diagnosis and pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome is explored; in particular, how valproate contributes to the condition in women with epilepsy. Valproate is the AED most associated with PCOS, as it can directly increase ovarian testosterone production. It can also cause weight gain leading to insulin resistance, another mechanism contributing to PCOS.

Evaluation of Ovarian Cysts following GnRH-a Treatment in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation ◽

10.1159/000010044 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 252-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Gregoriou ◽

N. Vitoratos ◽

S. Konidaris ◽

C. Papadias ◽

A. Chryssikopoulos

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cysts ◽

Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182951 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 3055 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Deepa Shanmugham ◽

Sindhu Natarajan ◽

Arun Karthik

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Free T4 ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders are two of the most common endocrine disorders in the general population. Both of these endocrine disorders share common predisposing factors, gynaecological features and have profound effect on reproductive function in women. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and to evaluate the relationship between polycystic ovarian syndrome and thyroid dysfunction.Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study done on 100 patients with Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome based on Rotterdam’s criteria. The exclusion criteria was hyperprolactinemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and virilising tumour. Thyroid function was evaluated by measurement of fasting serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine levels (free T3 and free T4).Results: The mean age of the study patients was 26±4.2 years. Among the study patients, 11% of them had goitre. 18% of the patients with presented with subclinical hypothyroidism. The mean TSH levels in the study patients was 4.62±2.12 mIU/ml. The overall prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 33% in the study patients with PCOS.Conclusions: This study concludes that the prevalence of hypothyroidism is increased in women with PCOS patients.

From Placenta to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: The Role of Adipokines

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/4981916 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chiara Sartori ◽

Pietro Lazzeroni ◽

Silvia Merli ◽

Viviana Dora Patianna ◽

Francesca Viaroli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Adipokines are cytokines produced mainly by adipose tissue, besides many other tissues such as placenta, ovaries, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, and bone marrow. Adipokines play a significant role in the metabolic syndrome and in cardiovascular diseases, have implications in regulating insulin sensitivity and inflammation, and have significant effects on growth and reproductive function. The objective of this review was to analyze the functions known today of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin from placenta throughout childhood and adolescence. It is well known now that their serum concentrations during pregnancy and lactation have long-term effects beyond the fetus and newborn. With regard to puberty, adipokines are involved in the regulation of the relationship between nutritional status and normal physiology or disorders of puberty and altered gonadal function, as, for example, premature pubarche and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Cytokines are involved in the maturation of oocytes and in the regular progression of puberty and pregnancy.

A Consensus Definition of Misophonia: Using a Delphi Process to Reach Expert Agreement

10.1101/2021.04.05.21254951 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Susan Swedo ◽

David M. Baguley ◽

Damiaan Denys ◽

Laura J. Dixon ◽

Mercede Erfanian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Delphi Method ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

Consensus Building ◽

Expert Committee ◽

Consensus Definition ◽

Modified Delphi ◽

Building Process ◽

Definition Of ◽

Common Understanding ◽

Iterative Voting

AbstractMisophonia is a disorder of decreased tolerance to specific sounds or their associated stimuli that has been characterized using different language and methodologies. The absence of a common understanding or foundational definition of misophonia hinders progress in research to understand the disorder and develop effective treatments for individuals suffering from misophonia. From June 2020 through January 2021, a project was conducted to determine whether a committee of experts with diverse expertise related to misophonia could develop a consensus definition of misophonia. An expert committee used a modified Delphi method to evaluate candidate definitional statements that were identified through a systematic review of the published literature. Over four rounds of iterative voting, revision, and exclusion, the committee made decisions to include, exclude, or revise these statements in the definition based on the currently available scientific and clinical evidence. A definitional statement was included in the final definition only after reaching consensus at 80% or more of the committee agreeing with its premise and phrasing. The results of this rigorous consensus-building process were compiled into a final definition of misophonia that is presented here. This definition will serve as an important step to bring cohesion to the growing field of researchers and clinicians who seek to better understand and support individuals experiencing misophonia.

MULTIPLE APPROACHES IN AYURVEDA FOR PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY IN POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences ◽

10.22270/jmpas.v10i3.1158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 3055-3058

Author(s):

R Andhare

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Modern Science ◽

Metabolic Function ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Menstrual Dysfunction ◽

The most prevalent endocrine condition in women is polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos).the clinical presentation of pcos ranges between mild menstrual dysfunction and extreme reproductive and metabolic function disruption. According to modern science, the physiology related to ovulation is controlled by hormones of hypothalamo – pituitary – ovarian axis. This axis is disturbed in pcos. According to ayurveda, patho-physiology involves vitiated doshas i.e. Vata, pitta, kapha and agni – especially dhatwagni. The pathophysiology of pcos is analysed to clarify the precise cause of the disorder in order to prepare therapy for a full cure. Multiple approaches in ayurveda for patho-physiology in polycystic ovarian syndrome. It is evident in conclusion that pcos is an enigma. There is no complete understanding of its fundamental pathophysiology as per modern science. No therapy is a panacea, as therapies have so far been targeted at the symptoms but not at the syndrome itself.

Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome and role of CYP gene variants: a review

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics ◽

10.1186/s43042-019-0031-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sairish Ashraf ◽

Mudasar Nabi ◽

Shayaq ul Abeer Rasool ◽

Fouzia Rashid ◽

Shajrul Amin

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Pulse Frequency ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Ovarian Morphology ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Hallmark Feature ◽

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The pathophysiology of PCOS is not clear; however, disturbance in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and abnormal steroidogenesis along with genetic and environmental factors act as main contributors to this disorder. Main text Hyperandrogenism, the hallmark feature of PCOS, is clinically manifested as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. Excessive androgen production by ovaries as well as from adrenals contributes to hyperandrogenism. Abnormalities in the neuroendocrine system like increased pulse frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, stimulating the pituitary for excessive production of luteinizing hormone than that of follicle-stimulating hormone is seen in PCOS women. Excess LH stimulates ovarian androgen production, whereas a relative deficit in FSH impairs follicular development. The imbalance in LH: FSH causes proliferation of ovarian theca cells leading to increased steroidogenesis, and ultimately leading to hyperandrogenism in PCOS women. Various genetic factors have been shown to be associated with abnormal steroidogenesis. CYP genes involved in steroidogenesis play an important role in androgen production and are considered as key players in hyperandrogenism in PCOS. Conclusion Polymorphisms in CYP genes can aggravate the hyperandrogenic phenotype in women with PCOS by either upregulating or downregulating their expression, thus increasing androgens further. However, this hypothesis needs to be validated by further studies.

COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review ◽

10.1017/s0965539511000088 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 188-206

Author(s):

MALLIKA AZIZIA ◽

PAUL HARDIMAN

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Polycystic Ovaries ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting around 5–8% of women of reproductive age. It has a variable clinical spectrum including hyperandrogenism, menstrual abnormalities, polycystic ovaries and metabolic features like diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidaemia. The manifestation of PCOS and its impact especially on reproductive function and pregnancy are profoundly affected by associated features of obesity/raised body mass index and metabolic syndrome.

Dietary Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Pcos)

International Journal of Women’s Health Care ◽

10.33140/ijwhc.02.01.05 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Geographical Location ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Dietary Management ◽

Dietary Changes ◽

Endocrine Disorder ◽

Life Style Changes ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

The World ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder found in women, which has increasingly become common now due to the changes in lifestyle. Explanation for the increasing number of incidents can be attributed to the change in diet in most parts of the world. PCOS is found in about 10 to 20% of women depending upon the geographical location. This disorder is characterized by irregular periods, Hirsuitism and other hyper androgenic symptoms, sub-fertility and also weight gain/obesity. Life style changes with alteration in diet and exercise are effective non-pharmacological methods in restoring reproductive function in PCOS [1]. The required dietary changes will be discussed in more details in this article.

The Effect of Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy on a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2011-1241 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 152 (10) ◽

pp. 3700-3705 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hilary E. Wilson-Pérez ◽

Randy J. Seeley

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Menstrual Dysfunction ◽

Estrous Cyclicity ◽

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women of reproductive age. Although some of the primary symptoms of PCOS are reproductive abnormalities, including hyperandrogenism, menstrual dysfunction, and hirsutism, other metabolic disturbances are also common, including obesity and insulin resistance. Women with PCOS who have undergone weight-loss bariatric surgery have reported surprising postoperative benefits beyond weight loss, including resolution of menstrual dysfunction and improvement of hirsutism. Here, we use a chronic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exposure model of PCOS in female rats and investigate the efficacy of a specific type of bariatric surgery, namely vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), to resolve the reproductive and metabolic disturbances induced by DHT treatment. We find that VSG causes loss of body weight and body fat in DHT-treated rats but does not improve glucose tolerance or restore estrous cyclicity. Although human PCOS patients have shown decreased androgen levels after bariatric surgery, the chronic nature of DHT administration in this rat model both before and after VSG renders this effect impossible in this case. Therefore, the lack of improvement in glucose tolerance and estrous cyclicity may implicate a direct effect of androgen knockdown as a mechanism for the improvements seen in human PCOS patients after bariatric surgery. In addition, the dissociation of body weight loss without improved glucose tolerance suggests that glucose intolerance may be a body weight-independent phenomenon in women with PCOS.

Gynaecological pathology

10.1093/med/9780199591633.003.0011 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

James Carton

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Carcinoma ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Ovarian Cysts ◽

Ovarian Carcinomas ◽

Vaginal Infections ◽

Benign Ovarian Tumours ◽

Ovarian Tumours ◽

Vulval skin diseases 186Benign vulval tumours 187Vulval carcinoma 188Vaginal infections 190Vaginal tumours 191Cervical carcinoma 192Cervical screening 194Endometriosis 195Endometrial carcinoma 196Uterine leiomyomas 198Functional ovarian cysts 200Polycystic ovarian syndrome 202Benign ovarian tumours 204Ovarian carcinomas ...