Meningiomas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Hovinga ◽  
Y. Esquenazi ◽  
P. H. Gutin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Slow Growing

Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors and account for about one third of all primary brain and spinal tumors. They are classified according to the World Health Organization into 3 groups (I–III). Treatment strategies range from observation, surgery, and/or a radiation therapy. Many meningiomas are slow growing and discovered incidentally. Symptoms can vary widely, depending on the location. Patient’s specific factors and the location of the meningioma in relation to critical brain structures are all important factors in determining the optimal treatment. This chapter presents common clinical scenarios of meningioma. Differential diagnosis, perioperative workup, surgical nuances, and postoperative complications are discussed.

Predicting the community prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni from the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. RODRIGUES ◽  
J. G. WHEELER ◽  
R. SHIER ◽  
H. L. GUERRA ◽  
F. PIMENTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization suggested that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among 7- to 14-year-olds be used to guide treatment strategies in endemic areas. This study explores how well the prevalence in that age group predicted the overall prevalence in the community in data from stool examinations (Kato–Katz method) from 180000 people in 3 municipalities in Brazil in 1984 and 1985. The median prevalence was higher in 1984, before community treatment was introduced. There was a strong relationship between the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds and the overall prevalence in the community. We present sensitivities and positive predictive values for the use of prevalence in the indicator group to select communities for mass treatment as recommended by WHO. For a range of assumptions sensitivity and positive predictive value were never both above 80%. We suggest that the estimates of validity presented in this paper inform future evaluations of strategies for S. mansoni control.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Soumik Chatterjee ◽  
Sabyasachi Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Novel Coronavirus are very harmful virus. This viruses have positive single stranded RNA genome and enveloped which is called nucleocapsid. The family of this virus is Coronaviridae. This virus originated from species of avian and mammalian. This virus effect on upper respiratory tract in humans. Many species of these novel coronaviruses (HCoVs) are named as HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63. Predominant species of this virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) across the world.  In both adults and childrens HCoV-HKU1 sp. is causes for chronic pulmonary disease and HCoV-NL63 species causes for upper and lower respiratory tract disease. Most recent species of this virus is MERS-CoV. This species caused for acute pneumonia and occasional renal failure. The new strain of novel Coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease named by the World Health Organization. Now world fighting against COVID-19 and according to the recent statistics report of world about the COVID-19 cases approx 22.6M confirmed cases and 792K death cases appeared and recovered 14.5M. COVID-19 disease starts to spread from December 2019 from china. Covid-19 disease is emerged in Wuhan seafood market at Wuhan of South China and then rapidly spread throughout the world. The corona virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article we summarize the current clinical characteristics of coronavirus and diagnosis, treatments and prevention of COVID-19 disease. In this review article, we analyze data from various Research Reports like WHO guidelines and other articles. It is very important to the readers that new data of COVID-19 updating nearly every hour of day regarding clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes COVID-19 disease. The degree of COVID-19 disease varying throughout the world. COVID-19 affected patient shows various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The COVID-19 disease is being treated through general treatment like symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs, oxygen therapy and by the immune system. There is no vaccine or therapeutic strategies for deal with this disease yet. In this critical situation preventive measures must be require.  A very important issue in preventing viral infection is hand hygiene. There are other entities that people can boosting the immune system and help in infection prevention.

scholarly journals Trends in snakebite mortality in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Suraweera ◽  
David Warrell ◽  
Romulus Whitaker ◽  
Geetha R Menon ◽  
Rashmi Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization call to halve global snakebite deaths by 2030 will requires substantial progress in India. We analyzed 2,833 snakebite deaths from 611,483 verbal autopsies in the nationally representative Indian Million Death Study from 2001-14, and conducted a systematic literature review from 2000-19 covering 87,590 snakebites. We estimate that India had 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) from 2000-19. Nearly half occurred at ages 30-69 years and over a quarter in children <15 years. Most occurred at home in rural areas. About 70% occurred in eight higher-burden states and half during the rainy season and at low altitude. The risk of an Indian dying from snakebite before age 70 is about 1 in 250, but notably higher in some areas. More crudely, we estimate 1.11-1.77 million bites occurred in 2015, of which 70% showed symptoms of envenomation. Prevention and treatment strategies might substantially reduce snakebite mortality in India.

scholarly journals Agent-based modeling of persons who inject drugs in metropolitan Chicago suggests that re-treatment with antivirals of persons who are re-infected with Hep C is critical to achieve the WHO incidence reduction objective by 2030

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tatara ◽  
Alexander Gutfraind ◽  
Nicholson T. Collier ◽  
Scott J. Cotler ◽  
Marian Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Direct Acting

ABSTRACTHepatitis C (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and mortality worldwide. Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at the highest risk for acquiring and transmitting HCV infection. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) to identify and optimize direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy scale-up and treatment strategies for achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) goals of HCV elimination by the year 2030. DAA is highly efficacious, but may require re-treatment particularly among PWID who at risk for reinfection after cure. Using an ABM approach, we predict that this prohibition will jeopardize achieving the WHO’s goal of reducing 90% of HCV incidence by 2030. We found that DAA scale-up rates of greater than or equal to 5% per year can achieve the WHO target of 90% incidence reduction. Our model simulations underscore the importance of DAA scale-up that includes re-treatment of re-infected individuals in order to achieve significant reductions in incidence.FUNDINGThis research is supported by NIH grant R01GM121600.

scholarly journals Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Suraweera ◽  
David Warrell ◽  
Romulus Whitaker ◽  
Geetha Menon ◽  
Rashmi Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization call to halve global snakebite deaths by 2030 will require substantial progress in India. We analyzed 2833 snakebite deaths from 611,483 verbal autopsies in the nationally representative Indian Million Death Study from 2001 to 2014, and conducted a systematic literature review from 2000 to 2019 covering 87,590 snakebites. We estimate that India had 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) from 2000 to 2019. Nearly half occurred at ages 30–69 years and over a quarter in children < 15 years. Most occurred at home in the rural areas. About 70% occurred in eight higher burden states and half during the rainy season and at low altitude. The risk of an Indian dying from snakebite before age 70 is about 1 in 250, but notably higher in some areas. More crudely, we estimate 1.11–1.77 million bites in 2015, of which 70% showed symptoms of envenomation. Prevention and treatment strategies might substantially reduce snakebite mortality in India.

Passion for autism (on the controversial and indisputable aspects of V.E. Pashkovsky monograph “10 lectures on autism”)

2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (1) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Mendelevich
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Health Organization

The article analyzes the scientific foundations set out in the book by V.E. Pashkovsky 10 lectures on autism. It is noted that the author expresses his own point of view on autism and does not agree with the position of the World Health Organization and the world psychiatric community on the diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for autism spectrum disorders. If on the issue of the peculiarities of diagnostics, the authors arguments can be recognized as admissible, since the diagnosis in modern psychiatry reflects the consensus of specialists, then some provisions of V.E. Pashkovsky on the topic of the validity of the use of antipsychotics (neuroleptics) for the treatment of patients with autism should be considered as undocumented and misleading specialists.

scholarly journals Severity of COVID-19 and Treatment Strategy for Patient With Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Jin ◽  
Weina Hu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was named by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020, has quickly spread to more than 200 countries around the world and was declared as a global pandemic in March 2020. The severity of the disease makes it more prone to severe symptoms and higher mortality rates in patients, especially those who are with comorbidities, including high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes, increases the concern over the consequences of this pandemic. However, initial reports do not clearly describe whether diabetes itself or associated comorbidities or treatment strategies contribute to the severe prognosis of COVID-19 infections. Various clinical trials are being conducted on glucose-lowering agents but to date, there is no standard treatment protocol approved for COVID-19 cases with pre-existing diabetes. This review is aimed to decipher the potential risk factors of COVID-19 involved from existing evidence. Identification of a novel therapeutic strategy could be beneficial for combating SARS-CoV-2, which might be dreadful to debilitating people who have diabetes.

scholarly journals The Coronavirus Disease of 2019: Prevention, Management and Treatment Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Nkechi E. Egbe ◽  
Chukwu C. Onyedikachi ◽  
Ashiru M. Dantata ◽  
Surajo Jamaliddeen ◽  
Amaka M. Awanye
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has taken the world by surprise since its outbreak in 2019, and as on February 2021, the world had experienced a total of 107,643,141 (one hundred and seven million, six hundred and forty-three thousand, one hundred and forty-one) confirmed infection cases and 2,358,244 (two million, three hundred and fifty-eight thousand, two hundred and forty-four) deaths world-wide. This virus, although less lethal than the previous human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV), is reported highly infectious and mutable. This has led to a concerted effort by numerous governments and private organisations to try and halt the spread of the virus through the development of highly effective therapeutic drugs or prophylactic therapy. There are various drugs, vaccines and other forms of therapies currently being developed all over the world, with some at various clinical trial stages, with only one (Remdesivir) being fully approved treatment of the COVID-19 disease. The latest breakthrough with Dexamethasone has currently revealed the efficacy of the drug in treating critically ill and even mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, and this has led to the approval of the drug by the United Kingdom and World Health Organization (WHO). The recent development of a protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has created hope for life and restoration of normalcy.

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